| 1. |
- Busse Nielsen, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Liked, disliked and unseen forest attributes: Relation to modes of viewing and cognitive constructs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 113, s. 456-466
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is broad agreement that in determination of preferences the spatial configurations and content-based properties of the landscape interact with each other and with cognitive constructive. This interaction and how it is influenced by changes in landscape appearance was explored here in a site-specific context where 32 respondents took their own photos of liked and disliked attributes while walking a pre-defined trail of 2 km through a recreational forest landscape with extensive variation in landscape appearance and management regimes. Each respondent provided five photos of features that contributed positively to their landscape experiences and five that contributed negatively and recorded the location and reason in a photo-log, resulting in a total of 320 photos and photo-log pairs. Photos of content-based attributes were more frequent than photos of the landscape's spatial organisation. Photos in the spatial configuration domain were dominated by liked attributes, while the content-based domain was dominated by disliked attributes. Subtle details and ephemera events constituted a large share of the captured content-based attributes, indicating that they are equally important for on-site experience of landscape character and attractiveness as larger landscape elements and their spatial organisation. Closer examination showed marked differences in the relative distribution of spatial and content-based properties between forested and open landscape units. In forested units content-based attributes dominated, while in the open unit photos motivated by the spatial configurations in the implied space dominated. We concluded therefore that changes in depth of the perceptible space alter the relative importance of spatial and content-based properties for people's visual landscape perception, and thus the type of attributes that pass through the individual's perceptual and cognitive filters and become decisive in determining preferences.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Bird song diversity influences young people's appreciation of urban landscapes
- 2014
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667. ; 13:3, s. 469-474
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased losses of green areas in cities reduce people's experience of flora and fauna. Earlier studies have shown that biodiversity has benefits for urban inhabitants but the influence of animal sounds on people's experience of green space is poorly known. A sample of young urban people (N = 227) rated their reactions - positive or negative - to three bird song combinations: House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), 7 spp. i.e. Willow Warbler, Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs), Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), Great Tit (Parus major), European Robin (Erithacus rubecula), Common Blackbird (Turdus merula), Great Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), three urban settings (residential areas with varying amount of greenery) and nine combinations of song and setting. Bird song was generally considered positive and singing by several species was more highly rated than singing by a single species. On average, urban settings combined with bird song were more highly appreciated than the settings alone and even more so where there was singing by several species rather than just one. We conclude that our data support the idea that bird song contributes to positive values associated with urban green space. Urban planners should consider preserving a variety of habitats in cities for hosting a diversity of birds and thereby boost conservation of songbird diversity and recreational experiences for urban people. (C) 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Hedblom, Marcus, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal skötsel av tätortsnära skogar
- 2010
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Ingår i: Miljöforskning - FORMAS tidning för ett hållbart samhälle. ; 2010:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Heyman, Erik, 1977
(författare)
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Analysing recreational values and management effects in an urban forest with the visitor-employed photography method
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667. ; 11:3, s. 267-277
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban woodland management usually requires trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and promotion of recreational values. Preference studies have shown that people in general prefer semi-open forests with little undergrowth rather than unmanaged forests with dense understory and an abundance of dead wood. In this study the visitor employed photography (VEP) method was used to evaluate visitors' perceptions of an urban forest. Volunteers were given cameras and asked to take pictures of the places that they liked and disliked the most along a trail with varied forest vegetation in a near-urban recreational area in Gothenburg, Sweden. The survey was conducted on two occasions, in April and September. Photo content in combination with the participants' comments in their photo-logs was analysed with particular focus on features related to understory density, dead wood and visible human impact. The analyses of photo content suggested that the main differences in the participants' preferences were between natural and human-made objects or landscapes. Pictures of natural objects were mostly classified as "liked", while "disliked" was dominant among the pictures of human impact. Future VEP studies in urban woodlands should preferably include participants with a wider span in age and background than in the present study. The photo and analysis procedure could be changed, depending on local key-issues regarding management or conservation planning. This study has shown that the visitor employed photography method can be used as a quantitative method to evaluate perceptions about forest vegetation and management in urban woodlands, and could serve as a valuable complement to conventional methods in preference research. (c) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Heyman, Erik, 1977
(författare)
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Clearance of understory in urban woodlands: assessing impact on bird abundace and diversity
- 2010
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127. ; 260:1, s. 125-131
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clearance of understory to enhance the recreational value of the forest is common in urban woodlands. Open forests are generally perceived as safe and pleasant, but clearance is likely to be negative for woodland birds as the shrub layer is important for foraging and protection. In this 3-year experiment with a before after control impact (BACI) design, the effects from understory clearance on woodland bird abundance and diversity in five suburban broadleaved forests in south-western Sweden were studied. Understory clearance was either made in regular patches, with 50% removal of understory, or as “Complete” (90%) removal. Adjacent stands of equal size were left unmanaged as controls. Woodland birds and understory vegetation were surveyed before and after the management. The total density of breeding forest birds decreased in the plots with “Complete” removal of the understory compared to plots with “Patchy” clearance. “Patchy” clearance had no significant effect on bird density. Bird diversity was not affected by the management. Woodland birds are highly valued animals in urban green areas and the impact on bird fauna should therefore be taken into consideration in the development of management plans for urban woodlands. The present study has demonstrated that clearance of understory can have negative effects on bird abundance if carried out over large areas. Clearance in patches was not found to have negative effects on bird abundance and can promote recreational values by increasing visibility and structural variation of the forest.
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| 7. |
- Heyman, Erik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of bird predation on bush canopy arthropods in suburban woods
- 2008
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Ingår i: Postersession på Oikoskonferensen i Lund 2008.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Management of suburban woods often include cutting of bushes and small trees in order to enhance the recreational value. This study shows that arthropods in this vegetation layer are an important food resource for birds and the vegetation may also provide nesting places and cover from birds of prey. A management plan where all bushes and small trees are cut down may consequently have a negative effect on insectivorous bird population.
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| 8. |
- Heyman, Erik, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Management effect on bird and arthropod interaction in suburban woodlands.
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC ecology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6785. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Experiments from a range of ecosystems have shown that insectivorous birds are important in controlling the populations of their invertebrate prey. Here, we report on a large field experiment testing the hypothesis that management for enhancing recreational values in suburban woodlands affects the intensity of bird predation on canopy-living arthropods. Bird exclosures were used in two types of management (understory clearance and dense understory) at two foraging heights in oak Quercus robur canopies and the experiment was replicated at two sites. Results: The biomass and abundance of arthropods were high on net-enclosed branches but strongly reduced on control branches in both types of management. In woods with dense understory, the effect of bird predation on arthropod abundance was about twice as high as in woods with understory clearance. The effect of bird predation on arthropod biomass was not significantly affected by management. Conclusions: Our data provide experimental evidence to support the idea that bird predation on arthropods can be affected by forest management. We suggest that the mechanism is twofold: reduction of bird abundance and shift of foraging behaviour. In urban woodlands, there may be a management trade-off between enhancing recreational values and promoting bird predation rates on arthropods.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Heyman, Erik, 1977
(författare)
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Management of urban woodlands - effects on bird communities and recreational values
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The ongoing urbanisation increases the pressure on urban nature. Urban woodlands are receiving growing attention as they provide valuable ecosystem services to urban citizens, mainly by providing areas for recreation but also through improving air quality and reducing noise. There is an increasing demand for knowledge of how urban woodlands should be managed to combine several functions, such as recreational values and biodiversity conservation. There are, however, few field experiments that evaluate the effects of forest management. The work in this thesis is based on the results of large-scale, replicated field experiments in urban woodlands in southern Sweden. Management by clearance of woody understory (bushes and small trees) was conducted at five sites in oakdominated forest stands on the fringe of three midsize cities. Two different types of clearance were applied: 90% removal of understory and 50% removal in regular 50x50 meter patches. Control plots of equal size were left unmanaged. Bird communities were surveyed before and after management, and the impact of bird predation on arthropods in bush and tree canopies were evaluated with exclosure experiments. Bird communities were affected by understory clearance and a decrease in bird abundance was observed in the stands with 90% removal of understory. Patchy clearance had no negative effects on bird abundance. Bird predation had strong effects on arthropods in the understory, which suggests that an important food resource for birds is removed when the understory is cleared. Arthropods were affected by bird predation in the tree canopies too, but the effects of bird predation were weaker in the managed areas, which further stresses the negative impact on birds by extensive clearance of understory. The recreational values in relation to understory density were evaluated in a photo survey where pictures from the managed areas were shown to panels of students. Open forests were considered most attractive for recreation but 75% of the respondents claimed that they preferred a mix of open and closed forest. In a field study, the participants used cameras to take photos of liked and disliked places along a forest trail in an urban forest. The analysis of photo contents showed that both open and dense forest landscapes were appreciated while visible human impact was usually perceived negatively. Implications for management are that clearance of understory can enhance recreational values but should be conducted in a small scale pattern to promote visual variation and minimise the negative effects on birds. Visible impact from recreational facilities and forest management should be minimised as far as possible. Openness is often affected by management and was found to be useful as a key-variable to analyse management trade-offs between social and ecological values.
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