| 1. |
- Acocella, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Labor Market Regimes and the Effects of Monetary Policy
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we use a standard multi-union, monopolistic competition model to investigate the qualitative and quantitative responses of inflation and unemployment to monetary policy activism under different institutional arrangements in the labor market, which are defined by the rigidity of nominal wages. We show that the effects of monetary policy on the real economy depend critically on the wage formation regime, and on the ways in which the restrictiveness of policy interacts with product price competition, with union centralization, and with the weight placed on real wage premiums as compared to unemployment in unions' optimal programs. Our interpretation of the results emphasizes how the posture of monetary policy toward inflation influences the strategic calculations that drive union wage setting behavior in different institutional settings.
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| 2. |
- Acocella, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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Labor market regimes and the effects of monetary policy
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we use a standard multi-union, monopolistic competition model to evaluate analytically and numerically the effects of monetary policy on inflation and unemployment under different institutional arrangements in the labor market that are defined by the rigidity of nominal wages. We show that the effects of monetary policy on the real economy depend critically on the wage formation regime, and on the ways in which the restrictiveness of policy interacts with product price competition, wage setting centralization and the utility weight unions place on real wage premiums as compared to unemployment. Our interpretation of the results emphasizes how the posture of monetary policy toward inflation influences the strategic calculations driving unions´ wage setting behavior in different institutional environments.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Brink, Anna, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Institutionerna och samhällsekonomin
- 1999
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Ingår i: Demokratiutredningen (SOU 1999:83), Globalisering, Forskarvolym IX. ; , s. 63-103
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Hibbs, Douglas A., Jr. 1944
(författare)
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Bread and Peace Voting in U.S. Presidential Elections
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A simple "Bread and Peace" model shows that aggregate votes for President in postwar elections were determined entirely by weighted-average growth of real disposable personal income per capita during the incumbent party's term and the cumulative numbers of American military personnel killed in action as a result of U.S. interventions in the Korean and Vietnamese civil wars. The model is subjected to robustness tests against twenty-two variations in functional form inspired by the extensive literature on presidential voting. Not one of these variations adds value to the Bread and Peace model or significantly perturbs its coefficients.
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| 6. |
- Hibbs, Douglas A., Jr. 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Geography, Biogeography and Why Some Countries are Rich and Others Poor
- 2004
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the US (PNAS). - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 101(10), s. 3715-3740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most important event in human economic history before the industrial revolution was the Neolithic transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to sedentary agriculture, beginning ≈10,000 years ago. The transition made possible the human population explosion, the rise of non-food-producing specialists, and the acceleration of technological progress that led eventually to the industrial revolution. But the transition occurred at different times in different regions of the world, with big consequences for the present-day economic conditions of populations indigenous to each region. In this article, we show that differences in biogeographic initial conditions and in geography largely account for the different timings of the Neolithic transition and, thereby, ultimately help account for the 100-fold differences among the prosperity of nations today. The effects of biogeography and geography on the wealth of nations are partly mediated by the quality of present-day institutions but also are partly independent of institutional quality.
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| 7. |
- Hibbs, Douglas A., Jr. 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Geography, Biogeography and Why Some Countries are Rich and Others Poor
- 2004
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The most important event in human economic history before the Industrial Revolution was the Neolithic transition from a nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle to sedentary agriculture, beginning about 10,000 years ago. The transition made possible the human population explosion, the rise of non-foodproducing specialists, and the acceleration of technological progress that led eventually to the Industrial Revolution. But the transition occurred at different times in different regions of the world, with big consequences for the present-day economic conditions of populations indigenous to each region. In this paper we show that differences in biogeographic initial conditions and in geography largely account for the different timings of the Neolithic transition, and thereby ultimately help account for the 100-fold differences among the prosperity of nations today. The effects of biogeography and geography on the wealth of nations are partly mediated by the quality of presentday institutions, but are also partly independent of institutional quality.
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| 8. |
- Hibbs, Douglas A., Jr. 1944
(författare)
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Implications of the ‘bread and peace’ model for the 2008 US presidential election
- 2008
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Ingår i: Public Choice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0048-5829 .- 1573-7101. ; 7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Presidential election outcomes are well explained by just two objectively measured fundamental determinants: (1) weighted-average growth of per capita real personal disposable income over the term, and (2) cumulative US military fatalities owing to unprovoked, hostile deployments of American armed forces in foreign conflicts. The US economy weakened at the beginning of 2008 and average per capita real income growth probably will be only around 0.75% at Election Day. Moreover cumulative US military fatalities in Iraq will reach 4,300 or more. Given those fundamental conditions, the Bread and Peace model predicts a Republican two-party vote share centered on 48.2%.
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| 9. |
- Hibbs, Douglas A., Jr. 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Institutions, Corruption and Tax Evasion in the Unofficial Economy
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we propose a model of how institutional benefits, taxation and government regulations affect the productive activity of private enterprises. We consider an environment in which public officials enforcing tax and regulatory obligations are potentially corruptible, and markets for corruption may therefore arise that give firms the option of producing unofficially and evading taxes and regulations. By contrast to some previous studies that view corruption and bribery as forces driving firms out of official production into the underground economy, our model features the idea that the "grabbing hands" of corrupt bureaucrats may alternatively serve as "helping hands" allowing firms to exploit profitable opportunities in the unofficial sector. And contrary to a traditional view maintaining that high tax rates are intrinsically a major cause of large shadow economies, our model implies that incentives to evade taxation and produce underground depend on statutory tax rates relative to firm-specific thresholds of tax toleration. Tax toleration is determined, among other things, by firm-specific institutional benefits available to official producers and the costs of corruption required to produce unofficially. Some core predictions of the model concerning the determinants of tax toleration and the relative size of unofficial activity and tax evasion receive broad support from empirical analyses based on firm-level data from the World Business Environment Surveys sponsored by the World Bank.
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| 10. |
- Hibbs, Douglas A., Jr. 1944, et al.
(författare)
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Tax toleration and tax compliance: How government affects the propensity of firms to enter the unofficial economy
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Political Science. - 0092-5853. ; 54:1, s. 18-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How do government-supplied institutional benefits and the taxation and regulation of producers affect the propensity of private firms to enter the unofficial economy and evade taxation? We propose a model in which the incentive of firms to operate underground depends on tax rates relative to firm-specific thresholds of tax toleration that are decisively affected by quality of governance—in particular by the presence of high-grade institutions delivering services enhancing official production that anchor profit-maximizing firms to the official economy. Some key predictions of the model concerning the determinants of firms’ tax toleration and tax compliance receive broad support from empirical analyses of enterprise-level data from the World Bank’s World Business Environment Surveys.
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