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| 2. |
- Ahlgren, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Internet of Things for Smart Cities : Interoperability and Open Data
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE Internet Computing. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 1089-7801 .- 1941-0131. ; 20:6, s. 52-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Internet of Things (IoT) has become a promising technology for addressing societal challenges by connecting smart devices and leveraging Big Data analytics to create smart cities worldwide. As the IoT scales up, it's important to provide interoperability among different devices. Yet current simple standard protocols lack sufficient openness and interoperability. IoT for smart cities needs to guarantee the accessibility of open data and cloud services to allow industries and citizens to develop new services and applications. Here, the authors provide a case study of the GreenIoT platform in Uppsala, Sweden, to demonstrate the idea of interoperability and open data for smart cities.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Csaszar, Andras, et al.
(författare)
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Converging the evolution of router architectures and IP networks
- 2007
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Ingår i: IEEE Network. - 0890-8044 .- 1558-156X. ; 21:4, s. 8-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although IP is widely recognized as the platform for next-generation converged networks, unfortunately, it is heavily burdened by its heritage of almost 30 years. Nowadays, network operators must devote significant resources to perform essential tasks, such as traffic engineering, policy enforcement, and security. In this article, we argue that one of the principal reasons for this is the way control and forwarding planes are interspersed in IP networks today. We review the architectural. developments that led to the current situation, and we reason that centralization of network control functionality can constitute a solution to the pressing problems of the contemporary Internet.
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| 5. |
- Hagsand, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Design and implementation of a distributed router
- 2005
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Ingår i: 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), Vols 1 and 2. - 0780393139 ; , s. 227-232
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on 1P routers are increasing for every new generation of designs. The driving forces are growing traffic volumes and demands for new services. We argue that a decentralized modular system design would improve the scalability. flexibility, and reliability of future routers. We have designed and implemented such a distributed router. based on physical separation between different junctional modules for control and forwarding plane operations. This paper presents the design and implementation, focusing on the internal communication protocols and implementation aspects of the control plane.
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| 6. |
- Hidell, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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A Modularized Control Plane for BGP
- 2007
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Ingår i: PDCS '07 Proceedings of the 19th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and System. - Anaheim, CA, USA : ACTA Press. - 9780889867048
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The number of new services and protocols required in IP routers is steadily growing. This adds to the complexity of the router control plane and increases the amount of work that has to be performed by the control processor. Accordingly, the trend of augmenting the router functionality has an important impact on control plane performance and robustness. Traditionally, router control software is intertwined into a single complex system in a centralized fashion. In this paper, we put forward a new way to design the control plane, based on modularization of control software into independent modules that can be decentralized to multiple processing elements and executed concurrently. We have applied this design approach on BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), with the main purpose to do an experimental performance evaluation of distributed control plane processing. We find that the time to process and install a large number of BGP routes, for instance during start-up of BGP, can be significantly reduced if the workload is spread over multiple processing units. We also identify several approaches for improving robustness through the use of a modular decentralized control plane. Finally, we demonstrate that such a system can be realized using unmodified open source routing software.
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| 7. |
- Hidell, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Control and forwarding plane interaction in distributed routers
- 2005
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Ingår i: NETWORKING 2005: NETWORKING TECHNOLOGIES, SERVICES, AND PROTOCOLS; PERFORMANCE OF COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS; MOBILE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540258094 ; , s. 1339-1342
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on IP routers continue to increase, both from the control plane and the forwarding plane perspectives. To improve scalability, flexibility, and availability new ways to build future routers need to be investigated. This paper suggests a decentralized, modular system design for routers, based on control elements for functionalities like routing, and forwarding elements for packet processing. Further, we present measurements on the distribution of large routing tables in an experimental platform consisting of one control element and up to 16 forwarding elements.
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| 8. |
- Hidell, Markus, 1967-
(författare)
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Decentralized Modular Router Architectures
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Internet grows extremely fast in terms of number of users and traffic volume, as well as in the number of services that must be supported. This development results in new requirements on routers—the main building blocks of the Internet. Existing router designs suffer from architectural limitations that make it difficult to meet future requirements, and the purpose of this thesis is to explore new ways of building routers. We take the approach to investigate distributed and modular router designs, where routers are composed of multiple modules that can be mapped onto different processing elements. The modules communicate through open well-defined interfaces over an internal network. Our overall hypothesis is that such a combination of modularization and decentralization is a promising way to improve scalability, flexibility, and robustness of Internet routers—properties that will be critical for new generations of routers. Our research methodology is based on design, implementation, and experimental verification. The design work has two main results: an overall system design and a distributed router control plane. The system design consists of interfaces, protocols, and internal mechanisms for physically separation of different components of a router. The distributed control plane is a decomposition of control software into independent modules mapped onto multiple distributed processing elements. Our design is evaluated and verified through the implementation of a prototype system. The experimental part of the work deals with two key issues. First, transport mechanisms for communication of internal control information between processing elements are evaluated. In particular, we investigate the use of reliable multicast protocols in this context. Results regarding communication overhead as well as overall performance of routing table dissemination and installation are presented. The results show that even though there are certain costs associated with using reliable multicast, there are large performance gains to be made when the number of processing elements increases. Second, we present performance results of processing routing information in a distributed control plane. These results show that the processing time can be significantly reduced by distributing the workload over multiple processing elements. This indicates that considerable performance improvements can be made through the use of the distributed control plane architecture proposed in this thesis.
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| 9. |
- Hidell, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Control for Decentralized Modular Routers
- 2004
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Ingår i: 2nd Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop, SNCNW 2004, Karlstad, Sweden. ; , s. 9-13
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on IP routers continue to increase, both from the control plane and the forwarding plane perspectives. To improve scalability, flexibility, and availability we investigate new ways to build future routers. This paper presents a system model of a decentralized and modular router architecture. Design alternatives and implementation aspects are discussed, and a system implementation is presented.
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| 10. |
- Hidell, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast for Routing Table Distribution in Decentralized Routers
- 2005
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Ingår i: 3rd Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop, SNCNW 2005, Halmstad, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The requirements on IP routers are increasing for every new generation of designs. The driving forces behind this development are growing traffic volumes and demands for new services. We believe that a modular decentralized router design is well-suited to meet future requirements. However, a distributed design may, compared to a centralized system, introduce an additional cost for internal communication between the elements. In this paper we evaluate different transaction mechanisms for the internal communication. We study the suitability of reliable multicast for the internal distribution of large amounts of routing information. In particular, we evaluate NORM (NACK-Oriented Reliable Multicast) as a candidate protocol for our purposes.
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