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- Amores, Santiago Gallego, et al.
(författare)
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How can flexibility support power grid resilience through the next level of flexibility and alternative grid developments
- 2023
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Ingår i: 27th International Conference on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2023). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). ; , s. 1842-1846
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Power system resilience is an overarching concept covering the whole spectrum of the power system, from design and investment decisions to planning, operations, maintenance and asset management functions. Flexibility concerns the power system's ability to manage changes, with flexibility features able to improve the resilience characteristics of the system, provided that they are integrated into grid planning, in defence plans, and evaluated adequately in the energy market design. An analysis of ongoing worldwide initiatives provides relevant insight into ongoing worldwide initiatives. They provide relevant insight into how flexibility can support resilience, showing the prominence and potential values that can be unlocked, with potentially some low-hanging fruits to start. This paper introduces four innovative concepts: Alternative grid development, system integrity protection schemes, the next level of flexibility and LINK holistic approach to flexibility for resilience as solutions contributing to improving future power systems' resilience.
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- Badrzadeh, B, et al.
(författare)
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The Need or Enhanced Power System Modelling Techniques and Simulation Tools
- 2020
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Ingår i: CIGRE SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. - 2426-1335. ; 17:Febr, s. 30-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The transition to a clean energy future requires thorough understanding of increasingly complex interactions between conventional generation, network equipment, variable renewable generation technologies (centralised and distributed), and demand response. Secure and reliable operation under such complex interactions requires the use of more advanced power system modelling and simulation tools and techniques. Conventional tools and techniques are reaching their limits to support such paradigm shifts. This paper provides an overview of commonly used and emerging power system simulation tools and techniques. Applications of these tools ranging from real-time power system operation to long-term planning are also discussed. Various approaches to gain confidence in the accuracy and applicability of the simulation models are presented. The paper then discusses emerging trends in simulation tools and techniques primarily stemming from the transition to a power system with increased penetration of inverter-based resources as these are used in variable renewable energy technologies.
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- Ehnberg, Jimmy, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Categorisation of Ancillary Services for Providers
- 2019
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Ingår i: Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0868-8257. ; 56:1, s. 3-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focus of the work presented here is to raise awareness of how ancillary services within the NordPool area could be of value in supporting the future grid, and who could be the provider of these services. The ancillary services considered here are not limited to the current market, but also services for future market solutions as well as services for fulfilment of grid codes. The goal is to promote the development of existing and novel solutions to increase the utilisation and thus the value of equipment within the power system. The paper includes a techno-economical categorisation of ancillary services, from a provider's perspective, presenting opportunities and competition. Furthermore, procurers of services could utilise this kind of categorisation to identify possible providers or partners. The analysis of the categorisation shows a broad range of possible providers for each service and a broad range of possible services from each provider.
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| 7. |
- Hillberg, Emil
(författare)
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A proposed framework for coordinated power system stability control : reference 742
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Power system security is defined as the ability of the power system to withstand the occurrence ofcredible disturbances as defined by security criteria or standards. Stability control, which is one of thepillars to system security and the subject of this technical brochure, aims at maintaining the securityof supply according to cost-effective criteria. It has always been a top priority in both industrialpractice and academic research to ensure the reliable operation of power systems. To this end,extensive activities have already been undertaken by e.g. CIGRE in the field of power system stabilitycontrol and Dynamic Security Assessment (DSA).Analysis from past blackouts and major system disturbances has pointed out some potentialdeficiencies in current stability control techniques. These deficiencies are related to various aspects ofdesign and maintenance of control systems, being a direct result of the insufficient systematic designand adaptability of, and coordination among, the conventional stability controls. According to aquestionnaire survey conducted by this JWG, the full benefits from a systematic framework approachfor power system stability were recognized by many of the respondents. All these key elements areintegrated in the framework proposed by this JWG and reflect the existing experience.This TB proposes a framework consisting of the four established control types described below andcoordinating them to achieve enhanced performance. As fundamental requirement to achieve thisgoal, the proposed framework associates these stability control types with their respective systemstates. The first control type is named preventive control. It is activated in the normal or alert state,and is carried out to maintain a sufficient stability margin. Once a predefined contingency occurs thesystem could rapidly evolve towards an emergency state, where the second stability control type,called event-based control, is triggered. The third stability control type, called response-based control,is usually initiated following the violation of key variable limits in the emergency state. In cases wherethe operation of all the previous controls proves insufficient, the system will degrade to a blackoutstate. Restorative control, the fourth control type, is activated following a blackout or after anemergency state and remains active over the whole restoration process.This TB emphasises that these control types gain added value if they are adaptive and coordinated asrecommended in the proposed framework. When adaptive, they are able to adjust their controldecision set to the current operating condition and identify the contingencies. The coordination ofthese adaptive controls yields a more cost-effective set of planned control decisionsThis TB describes the functional structure of the proposed framework whose design shares the samearchitecture of an online DSA system as well as the same configuration and hardware of existingautomatic control devices at substations.This functional structure is comprised of four high-levels modules:Wide area data acquisition and information processing,Real-time monitoring, online estimation and online stability analysis,Adaptive and coordinated decision planning of stability control, andAutomatic activation of event-based and response-based controls.The first and second high-level modules are already well established in the industry. However, thethird module is not yet at the same maturity level. To this end, this TB recommends the followingelements in order to design and develop software with required functionalities in the proposedframework: Quantitative stability analysis, Determining in advance the optimal stability control decision for each relevant control type,andCoordinating the previously determined stability control decisions across all control types.This framework and its underlying software strongly rely on its integration with online DSA and othertools used at the control centre. Besides, these systems are fed with field data from measurementdevices (e.g. PMUs) whose number and location should be effectively selected. Data exchangeprotocols between all these elements are critical for their integration into the framework. Bad datadetection is a prerequisite for online monitoring and analysis, and absolutely critical for the smoothfunctioning of the framework so that proper stability control decisions are always taken.This TB also provides some key considerations and recommendations in the design andimplementation of the proposed framework for 1) specification designers, 2) manufacturers and 3)system operators.Before implementing such a framework, the grid owner (and also the specification designer) shouldconduct a cost benefit analysis to compare its effectiveness with alternatives.After the grid owner decides to implement such framework, demonstration projects and trialoperations have to be conducted with a particular focus on validation ofcontrol decision planning. It ishighly recommended to develop laboratory or field validation tests for key devices and systems. Thesetests need to be conducted before as well as after commissioning. Especially for event-based andresponse-based controls, which operate infrequently, post-commissioning testing remains important.It has to be mentioned that there are still some remaining issues. One of these is the execution of theoptimisation process that is quite complex and consists of an iterative search based on simulations.Currently this optimisation does not guarantee a global optimum or even convergence. This issueshould be the focus of research and development by both manufacturers and academia. Anothermajor issue to be tackled by specification designers relates to cyber security aspects, which have onlybeen briefly touched upon in this TB. Thirdly, the remote modification of control settings is not yet awidely accepted practice, and the proper design of operator’s intervention and validation mechanismsis still lacking. To address these issues more effort is needed mainly from the system operator’s perspectives.The proposed framework is expected to overcome most of the deficiencies of the current stabilitycontrols. Yet, some challenges do remain and the following suggestions for future work are provided.Firstly, the applicability of the proposed framework in a multi-TSO environment with common gridmodel, mainly in the emergency state, needs further investigation. Secondly, power oscillations thatoccasionally occur and might cause the triggering of incorrect control decisions, should be fullyunderstood and have their adverse consequences mitigated. Further development would be directedtowards the improvement of control decision planning by combining system-wide responsemeasurements with pre-disturbance simulation results. Thirdly, the stability characteristics of modernpower systems are changing due to the increasing level of power electronics devices. Its impact onstability control needs to be properly determined in order to ensure the correct operation of the proposed framework.
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| 9. |
- Hillberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
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Active Network Management for All : ANM4L a collaborative research project
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Developments of the power system are driven by the need to decrease the environmental footprint, to meet international climate goals, pushing for fossil‐free energy system. The transition towards clean energy will require power systems to adapt on a global scale with significant investments needed in fossil‐free electricity generation and transport. Renewable Energy Sources (RES) play an increasingly important role in the power system and may become the dominant sources of electricity. Significant RES are integrated in distribution grids globally, resulting in an increased need for distribution grids to perform new and complex tasks necessary for continued grid stability. The rapidity of small‐scale investments calls for agile, alternative grid development solutions. This agility is furthermore necessary to meet challenges arising from demand scenarios encompassing intermittent renewables along with electrification of transport and heat sectors. New technologies and markets are emerging to provide flexibility in consumption, generation, and power transfer capacity. Active Network Management (ANM) solutions provides alternative methods for planning and operation of the power system, through monitoring and control of multiple grid assets. This paper presents an overview of the ongoing project ANM4L, where a toolbox will be developed to support operation and planning of distribution grids.The project ANM4L (Active network management for all - anm4l.eu), will develop and demonstrate innovative ANM solutions for increasing integration of distributed generation in electricity distribution systems. ANM solutions will consider management of active and reactive power to avoid overload situations and maintain voltage limits. The goal is to decrease the need of curtailment of renewable energy, theoretically enabling further integration of distributed generation potentially even above the current design limitations of the electricity network. Core research and development activities of the ANM4L project include development of: ANM methods for local energy systems. Economic considerations to provide decision support. A toolbox to support the planning and operation. The toolbox, methods and business models for ANM will be demonstrated in real life distribution grids in both Sweden and Hungary. Furthermore, the project will consider the replicability and scalability necessary for these ANM solutions to be applied across the EU.
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