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| 2. |
- Dunn, R. J. H., et al.
(författare)
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GLOBAL CLIMATE : State of the Climate in 2020
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 102:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Greer, M., et al.
(författare)
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Lung transplantation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: a pan-European experience
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 51:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Late-onset noninfectious pulmonary complications (LONIPCs) affect 6% of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) recipients within 5 years, conferring subsequent 5-year survival of 50%. Lung transplantation is rarely performed in this setting due to concomitant extrapulmonary morbidity, excessive immunosuppression and concerns about recurring malignancy being considered contraindications. This study assesses survival in highly selected patients undergoing lung transplantation for LONIPCs after SCT. SCT patients undergoing lung transplantation at 20 European centres between 1996 and 2014 were included. Clinical data pre- and post-lung transplantation were reviewed. Propensity score-matched controls were generated from the Eurotransplant and Scandiatransplant registries. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression models evaluating predictors of graft loss were performed. Graft survival at 1, 3 and 5 years of 84%, 72% and 67%, respectively, among the 105 SCT patients proved comparable to controls (p=0.75). Sepsis accounted for 15 out of 37 deaths (41%), with prior mechanical ventilation (HR 6.9, 95% CI 1.0-46.7; p<0.001) the leading risk factor. No SCT-specific risk factors were identified. Recurring malignancy occurred in four patients (4%). Lung transplantation <2 years post-SCT increased all-cause 1-year mortality (HR 7.5, 95% CI 2.3-23.8; p=0.001). Lung transplantation outcomes following SCT were comparable to other end-stage diseases. Lung transplantation should be considered feasible in selected candidates. No SCT-specific factors influencing outcome were identified within this carefully selected patient cohort.
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| 4. |
- Le Pavec, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Lung transplantation for sarcoidosis: outcome and prognostic factors
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 58:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Study question In patients with sarcoidosis, past and ongoing immunosuppressive regimens, recurrent disease in the transplant and extrapulmonary involvement may affect outcomes of lung transplantation. We asked whether sarcoidosis lung phenotypes can be differentiated and, if so, how they relate to outcomes in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis treated by lung transplantation. Patients and methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 112 patients who met international diagnostic criteria for sarcoidosis and underwent lung or heart-lung transplantation between 2006 and 2019 at 16 European centres. Results Patient survival was the main outcome measure. At transplantation, median (interaquartile range (IQR)) age was 52 (46-59) years; 71 (64%) were male. Lung phenotypes were individualised as follows: 1) extended fibrosis only; 2) airflow obstruction; 3) severe pulmonary hypertension (sPH) and airflow obstruction; 4) sPH, airflow obstruction and fibrosis; 5) sPH and fibrosis; 6) airflow obstruction and fibrosis; 7) sPH; and 8) none of these criteria, in 17%, 16%, 17%, 14%, 11%, 9%, 5% and 11% of patients, respectively. Post-transplant survival rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 86%, 76% and 69%, respectively. During follow-up (median (IQR) 46 (16-89) months), 31% of patients developed chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Age and extended lung fibrosis were associated with increased mortality. Pulmonary fibrosis predominating peripherally was associated with short-term complications. Answer to the study question Post-transplant survival in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis was similar to that in patients with other indications for lung transplantation. The main factors associated with worse survival were older age and extensive pre-operative lung fibrosis.
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| 5. |
- Belczynski, K., et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary roads leading to low effective spins, high black hole masses, and O1/O2 rates for LIGO/Virgo binary black holes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 636:A&A
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All ten LIGO/Virgo binary black hole (BH-BH) coalescences reported following the O1/O2 runs have near-zero effective spins. There are only three potential explanations for this. If the BH spin magnitudes are large, then: (i) either both BH spin vectors must be nearly in the orbital plane or (ii) the spin angular momenta of the BHs must be oppositely directed and similar in magnitude. Then there is also the possibility that (iii) the BH spin magnitudes are small. We consider the third hypothesis within the framework of the classical isolated binary evolution scenario of the BH-BH merger formation. We test three models of angular momentum transport in massive stars: A mildly efficient transport by meridional currents (as employed in the Geneva code), an efficient transport by the Tayler-Spruit magnetic dynamo (as implemented in the MESA code), and a very-efficient transport (as proposed by Fuller et al.) to calculate natal BH spins. We allow for binary evolution to increase the BH spins through accretion and account for the potential spin-up of stars through tidal interactions. Additionally, we update the calculations of the stellar-origin BH masses, including revisions to the history of star formation and to the chemical evolution across cosmic time. We find that we can simultaneously match the observed BH-BH merger rate density and BH masses and BH-BH effective spins. Models with efficient angular momentum transport are favored. The updated stellar-mass weighted gas-phase metallicity evolution now used in our models appears to be key for obtaining an improved reproduction of the LIGO/Virgo merger rate estimate. Mass losses during the pair-instability pulsation supernova phase are likely to be overestimated if the merger GW170729 hosts a BH more massive than 50âMâŠ. We also estimate rates of black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) mergers from recent LIGO/Virgo observations. If, in fact. angular momentum transport in massive stars is efficient, then any (electromagnetic or gravitational wave) observation of a rapidly spinning BH would indicate either a very effective tidal spin up of the progenitor star (homogeneous evolution, high-mass X-ray binary formation through case A mass transfer, or a spin-up of a Wolf-Rayet star in a close binary by a close companion), significant mass accretion by the hole, or a BH formation through the merger of two or more BHs (in a dense stellar cluster).
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Kuster, RP, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring Sedentary Behavior by Means of Muscular Activity and Accelerometry
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 18:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sedentary Behavior (SB) is among the most frequent human behaviors and is associated with a plethora of serious chronic lifestyle diseases as well as premature death. Office workers in particular are at an increased risk due to their extensive amounts of occupational SB. However, we still lack an objective method to measure SB consistent with its definition. We have therefore developed a new measurement system based on muscular activity and accelerometry. The primary aim of the present study was to calibrate the new-developed 8-CH-EMG+ for measuring occupational SB against an indirect calorimeter during typical desk-based office work activities. In total, 25 volunteers performed nine office tasks at three typical workplaces. Minute-by-minute posture and activity classification was performed using subsequent decision trees developed with artificial intelligence data processing techniques. The 8-CH-EMG+ successfully identified all sitting episodes (AUC = 1.0). Furthermore, depending on the number of electromyography channels included, the device has a sensitivity of 83–98% and 74–98% to detect SB and active sitting (AUC = 0.85–0.91). The 8-CH-EMG+ advances the field of objective SB measurements by combining accelerometry with muscular activity. Future field studies should consider the use of EMG sensors to record SB in line with its definition.
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| 8. |
- Pradere, P., et al.
(författare)
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Lung transplantation for scleroderma lung disease: An international, multicenter, observational cohort study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-2498. ; 37:7, s. 903-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Due to its multisystemic nature, scleroderma is considered a relative contraindication to lung transplantation at many centers. However, recent studies suggest similar post-transplant outcomes in patients with scleroderma compared to those with other causes of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Furthermore, it remains unknown whether scleroderma-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) influences post-transplant outcomes. Our objective in this study was to assess the indications, survival, and prognostic factors of lung or heart lung transplantation for scleroderma lung disease. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the data of 90 patients with scleroderma who underwent lung or heart lung transplantation between 1993 and 2016 at 14 European centers. International criteria were used to diagnose scleroderma. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was diagnosed during right heart catheterization based on international guidelines. RESULTS: Survival rates after 1, 3, and 5 years were 81%, 68%, and 61%, respectively. By univariate analysis, borderline-significant associations with poorer survival were found for female gender (hazard ratio 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99 to 4.50; p = 0.05) and PAH as the reason for transplantation (hazard ratio 1.90; 95% CI 0.96 to 3.92; p = 0.06). When both these factors were present in combination, the risk of death was 3-fold that in males without PAH. The clinical and histologic presentation resembled veno-occlusive disease in 75% of patients with PAH. CONCLUSIONS: Post-transplant survival rates and freedom from chronic lung allograft dysfunction in patients with scleroderma were similar to those in patients with other reasons for lung transplantation. Female sex and PAH in combination was associated with lower survival. (C) 2018 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. All rights reserved.
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| 9. |
- Battino, U., et al.
(författare)
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Application Of A Theory And Simulation-Based Convective Boundary Mixing Model For AGB Star Evolution And Nucleosynthesis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal. - 0004-637X .- 1538-4357. ; 827:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The s-process nucleosynthesis in Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars depends on the modeling of convective boundaries. We present models and s-process simulations that adopt a treatment of convective boundaries based on the results of hydrodynamic simulations and on the theory of mixing due to gravity waves in the vicinity of convective boundaries. Hydrodynamics simulations suggest the presence of convective boundary mixing (CBM) at the bottom of the thermal pulse-driven convective zone. Similarly, convection-induced mixing processes are proposed for the mixing below the convective envelope during third dredge-up (TDU), where the C-13 pocket for the s process in AGB stars forms. In this work, we apply a CBM model motivated by simulations and theory to models with initial mass M = 2 andM = 3M(circle dot), and with initial metal content Z = 0.01 and Z = 0.02. As reported previously, the He-intershell abundances of C-12 and O-16 are increased by CBM at the bottom of the pulse-driven convection zone. This mixing is affecting the Ne-22(alpha, n)Mg-25 activation and the s-process efficiency in the C-13-pocket. In our model, CBM at the bottom of the convective envelope during the TDU represents gravity wave mixing. Furthermore, we take into account the fact that hydrodynamic simulations indicate a declining mixing efficiency that is already about a pressure scale height from the convective boundaries, compared to mixing-length theory. We obtain the formation of the C-13-pocket with a mass of approximate to 10(-4) M-circle dot. The final s-process abundances are characterized by 0.36<[s/Fe] < 0.78 and the heavy-to-light s-process ratio is -0.23< [hs/ls] < 0.45. Finally, we compare our results with stellar observations, presolar grain measurements and previous work.
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| 10. |
- Crassous, Jerome, et al.
(författare)
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Advanced multiresponsive comploids: from design to possible applications.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 6:15, s. 8726-8735
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend the commonly used synthesis strategies for responsive microgels to the design of novel multiresponsive and multifunctional nanoparticles that combine inorganic magnetic, metallic/catalytic and thermoresponsive organic moieties. Magnetic responsiveness is implemented through the integration of silica-coated maghemite nanoparticles into fluorescently labeled crosslinked poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) microgels. These particles are then employed as templates for the in situ reduction of catalytically active gold nanoparticles. In order to tune the reactivity of the catalyst through a thermally controlled barrier, an additional layer of crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) is added in the final step. We subsequently demonstrate that these particles can be employed as smart catalysts. We show that the thermoresponsive nature of the outer particle shell not only provides control over the catalytic activity, but when combined with a magnetic core allows for very efficient removal of the catalytic system through temperature-controlled reversible coagulation and subsequent magnetophoresis in an applied magnetic field gradient. We finally discuss the use of this design principle for the synthesis of complex hybrid particles for various applications that would all profit from their multiresponsive and multifunctional nature.
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