| 1. |
- Glimskär, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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A Test of a Walker Equipped with a Lifting Device
- 2013
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Ingår i: AAATE Conference 2013. - 9781614993032 ; , s. 3-9
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have shown that about a third of all persons over 65 years who live at home fall at least once a year. Development of a lifting device that can help people raise themselves up entirely on their own, or with minimal assistance, would be a revolutionary step for the individual as compared with the lifting devices in use today. A prototype has been developed and the prototype has been tested to verify the approach. Studies have been conducted with nursing staff in a nursing home to find out the conditions for how a walker equipped with a lifting beam could facilitate the work. For caregivers dealing frequently with people who fall, this assistive device can contribute to decreasing occupational injuries.
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| 2. |
- Glimskär, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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A walker used as a lifting device
- 2014
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 9:3, s. 264-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To develop assistive technology that would help an older person to arise from a kneeling position to a standing one. Methods: Developing a prototype, based on an inclusive design and then testing the prototype to verify the approach. The prototype was subsequently tested by a panel of 20 elderly users. These tests were observed and filmed. Participants' experiences of being lifted with the elevation seat were registered with the VIDAR ergonomic assessment system. Result: None of the 20 participants used a walker at that time. In response to a question of whether, assuming they might have to use a walker in the future, they thought that a walker with an elevating seat would be helpful, 18 said that it would. Two of the participants did not believe that they would ever have to use a walker. Conclusion: A simple assistive technology such as a walker equipped with an elevating seat would in many of these cases simplify matters and reduce the distress of people who fall often. In addition, such a device can allow people who fall often to live in their homes longer. For caregivers dealing frequently with people who fall, this assistive device can contribute to decreasing occupational injuries.
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| 3. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Accessibility for elderly using a four-wheeled walker-an interview and observation analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: AAATE Conference 2013. - 9781614993032 ; , s. 27-33
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accessibility for all is an overall goal in many communities around the world. The UN has the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which Sweden along with many other countries has agreed to follow. The aim with this project was to analyse which environmental difficulties elderly people over 65 years of age experience in their daily life when walking with a four-wheeled walker. The focus area was the surroundings close to their home. It is necessary to learn more about the difficulties for people with disabilities as a base for future development of the built environment. The group of elderly is increasing daily. In Sweden the four-wheeled walker is a commonly used assistive device by the elderly when, for example, their balance decreases; this is why we chose to focus on this specific assistive device.
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| 4. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomi i hemmiljö - Badrummet som arbetsplats : En rapport från ett forskningsprojekt
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett forskningsprojekt genomfördes under 2010, avseende risker i hemtjänstpersonalens arbete i samband med att de assisterar en uppegående vårdtagare till och från toalett. Två scenarier testades och i dessa deltog 30 respektive 24 forskningspersoner. Resultatet visar att personalen under cirka 70 procent av tiden arbetar i en position med böjd rygg i detta arbete. Detta ökar risken för belastningsrelaterade skador. Den största risken för arbetsskada bedömdes vara i momentet då hemtjänstpersonalen hjälper vårdtagaren med byxorna. I detta moment ökar risken för att vårdtagaren tappar balansen och risken för personalen att skada ryggen bedöms öka markant om/när de försöker sträcka sig efter vårdtagaren från en redan utsatt arbetsposition. I rapporten finns förslag till fortsatt forskning inom området, framför allt i form av riskanalyser. Resultatet i studien ger indikationer på att vårdpersonal bör få utökad kunskap i förflyttningsteknik och uppmuntras att arbeta framifrån vårdtagaren. Badrummets utformning bör utvecklas för att kunna minimera tiden då personalen står i arbetspositioner som innehåller både flexion och rotation av ryggen, samt underlätta för vårdtagaren att utföra mesta möjliga på egen hand.
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| 5. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, 1974-
(författare)
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Ergonomics at Home : Design for Safe Living and Home Care
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The home should represent safety and security for the person who lives there, and this is an important factor for independence and autonomy in very old age. With aging populations, the needs for long-term care increase, care provided by spouses and/or from the growing home care sector. Injuries among these groups are common.In this study, an ergonomics perspective was applied in the analysis of some basic daily activities performed by old persons and by home care workers, assisting.The postures and movements of home care staff assisting at toilet visits, and transferring persons from wheelchair to toilet, were measured and analysed.Some daily activities related to making food and washing clothes, performed by a group of persons between the age of 75 and 100, were measured and analysed.The task of getting up from the floor – on your own and with the help of a walker equipped with a lifting device – was analysed with the help of older persons and nursing staff. The design was built on the knowledge gained from analysing how older people get up from floor.Requirements for access with a four-wheeled walker in the local built environment were investigated.Observations were made with the help of video recording. Postures were recorded with the CUELA measurement system. The VIDAR ergonomics evaluation instrument was used to register the participants’ experiences of discomfort and pain during getting up from the floor with or without the walker with a lifting device. Structured interviews were used to find out about older peoples’ experience of using the four-wheel walker.It is concluded that ageing at home requires improved architectural and technical bathroom design and improved access in the local built environment.
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| 6. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Getting up from the floor : Older peroples´ abilities and experiences
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Ingår i: Physiotherapy. - 0031-9406 .- 1873-1465.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To analyse the movement patterns of people over 75 years of age when getting up from the floor, and to find out what they describe as critical moments in getting up.Design: Observation of old people performing get up from floor and evaluation of experiences in VIDAR evaluation program.Setting: Tests were made in a laboratory environmentParticipants: 20 participants, eleven women and nine men. The mean age was 79 years.Result: Most elderly persons in this case did experience difficulties in getting up. The difficulties were mainly described in legs and were related to discomfort, weakness and balance issues. Most of the participants 18 of 20 made the getting up by themselves. The most of the participants 18 of 20 preferred a getting up including a position kneeling. The most critical part in getting were lifting one leg forward and then stretch the legs after kneeling, 17 of 18 described difficulties in this part.Conclusions: When developing aids to help persons to get up the main goal should be to reduce load on legs and support balance for the user. Training should include balance and muscle exercise of the leg.
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| 7. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Helping in transfer from wheelchair to toilet : A case study analysing ergonomic postures in the bathroom for home care workers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Work. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270.
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders are common among home care workers, and the task of helping care recipients between wheelchair and toilet is described as particularly burdensome.OBJECTIVES: This study’s objectives were to find out where exposure to risks is highest for overexertion injuries in the task of helping a care recipient move between wheelchair and toilet, and to suggest how the bathroom environment or assistive devices could be improved to decrease risk of injury.METHODS: In a full-scale laboratory, home care workers helped persons move between wheelchair and toilet. The CUELA measurement system was used, combined with video observation, to record postures assumed during the task.RESULTS: Maximum back inclination on average exceeded 40 degrees. This angle is, combined with rotation of the back and the weight of the care recipient, well over recommended limits for helping in the task. The knees were exposed to a particularly heavy load when the wheelchair was adjusted, taking off leg-rests.CONCLUSIONS: Solutions should be developed which increase possibilities for the care recipient to participate and bear much of the load. Development of wheelchairs and other assistive devices should include usability aspects for the assisting care workers.
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| 8. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny
(författare)
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Risk of Injury during home care work
- 2010
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Ingår i: On the Road to Vision Zero?.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Old peoples’ homes and bathrooms are sometimes also a workplace for nurses. Statistics show that the risk of injury and long‐term sick‐leave is high in this occupation. In a case study, 30 nurses from the Home Care Services of Haninge council, Sweden, performed different work tasks associated with assisting someone with their personal hygiene in the bathroom. The tests were performed in the full-scale laboratory of the CHB, in a bathroom equipped with a wall-mounted toilet, height‐ adjustable and equipped with support rails. The participating nurses were wearing a measurement system CUELA (‘computer-assisted recording and long-term analysis of musculoskeletal loads’) which together with video recordings made it possible to analyse the risk postures occuring. Postures including back flexion and rotation were regularly involved in the hygiene assisting tasks, but one specific sub-task indicated a high risk of traumatic overexertion or fall on the part of the care worker. The subtask when the nurse is assisting a person with balance or strength problems standing in front of the toilet, helping to pull up or down the trousers, combined a forward bending posture often more than 50º, while rotated with their balance affected, and, at the same time, with the person cared for in a position which highly affected his or hers stability. The typical assistive device applied to toilets are foldable armrests on one or both sides of the toilet, but it was found that for this sub‐task they affected the nurses’ posture in a negative way. A new and better solution for assistive technology in this particular task is needed.
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| 9. |
- Hjalmarson, Jenny, et al.
(författare)
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Work Postures When Assisting People at the Toilet
- 2015
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Ingår i: Ergonomics in design. - : SAGE Publications. - 1064-8046 .- 2169-5083. ; 23:2, s. 16-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim was to analyze the home care workers’ movement patterns and postures of their backs, relating them to risks while helping an ambulatory care recipient to/from the toilet in a homelike environment. We found severe risks of unpredictable movements with exposed postures could explain many injuries. Because of high risk injuries, we suggest decreasing the time when the care recipient stands and the home care worker helps with clothing and personal hygiene. Another suggestion to decrease high risk is development of support in front of the recipient to prevent her/him falling forward.
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| 10. |
- Seidel, David, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of stressful postures during daily activities : An observational study with older people
- 2011
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Ingår i: Gait & Posture. - : Elsevier. - 0966-6362 .- 1879-2219. ; 34:3, s. 397-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study measured the postures of older people during cooking and laundry. A sample of men and women aged 75+ years (n=27) was recruited and observed in a home-like environment. Postures were recorded with a measurement system in an objective and detailed manner. The participants were videotaped to be able to see where 'critical' postures occurred, as defined by a trunk inclination of ≥60°. Analysis of data was facilitated by specially developed software. Critical postures accounted for 3% of cooking and 10% of laundry, occurring primarily during retrieving from and putting in lower cabinets, the refrigerator, laundry basket or washing machine as well as disposing into the waste bin. These tasks involve a great variation in postural changes and pose a particular risk to older people. The results suggest that the use of stressful postures may decrease efficiency and increase fatigue, eventually leading to difficulties with daily activities. The specific tasks identified during which critical postures occurred should be targeted by designers in order to improve the activities. A few examples are given of how better design can reduce or eliminate some of the postural constraints.
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