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- Andersson, Maria, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Mild renal ischemia-reperfusion reduces charge and size selectivity of the glomerular barrier
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology Renal Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6127 .- 1931-857X .- 1522-1466. ; 292:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite recent discoveries of molecules in podocytes, the mechanisms behind most conditions of proteinuria are still poorly understood. To understand more about this delicate barrier, we studied the functional and morphological effects of mild (15 min) renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Renal function was studied in rats in vivo, followed by a more detailed analysis of the glomerular barrier in cooled (8 degrees C) isolated perfused kidneys (cIPK). Renal blood flow was quickly restored, whereas the glomerular filtration rate remained halved 30 min after IRI. Tubular cell activity was intact as judged from the unaffected Cr-EDTA U/P concentration ratio. In vivo, the fractional clearance (theta) for albumin increased 16 times. In rats subjected to cIPK starting 30 min after in vivo IRI, theta(albumin) was 15 times and theta(Ficoll_36angstroms) 1.8 times higher than in control cIPKs. According to the heterogeneous charged fiber model, IRI reduced the fiber charge density to 38% of control (P < 0.01, n = 7). Morphometric analysis with electron microscopy did not reveal any changes in the podocytes or the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) after IRI, suggesting more subtle changes of the GBM and/or the endothelial glycocalyx. We conclude that mild renal IRI induces formation of reactive oxygen species, massive proteinuria, and loss of charged fibers with no apparent change in morphology. These novel findings stress the importance of other components of the barrier, such as proteoglycans produced by the glomerular cells, and provide a tentative explanation for the mechanisms behind proteinuria in glomerulonephritis, for example.
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- Andersson Sundén, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumentation for neutron emission spectrometry in use at JET
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 623:2, s. 681-685
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present contribution discusses two neutron spectrometers: the time-of-flight spectrometer (TOFOR) and the magnetic proton recoil spectrometer (MPRu). TOFOR uses fast plastic scintillators equipped with digital time-stamping electronics to register the time of each eligible scintillation event. The time trace for each detector is acquired practically dead-time free. The detectors of the MPRu are of phoswich type and each detector is connected to a digital transient recorder card that stores the full waveform for an event. By using phoswich detectors, pulse-shape discrimination techniques can be applied offline to distinguish signal events from background. A future upgrade of TOFOR could be digital “hybrid” cards, which store correlated time and waveform information. This information can be used to decrease the background level in the ttof spectrum, thereby increasing the operating range.
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| 4. |
- Andersson Sundén, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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The thin-foil magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer MPRu at JET
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 610:3, s. 682-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrons are produced in fusion energy experiments with both deuterium (D) and deuterium–tritium (DT) plasmas. Neutron spectroscopy is a valuable tool in the study of the underlying fuel ion populations. The magnetic proton recoil neutron spectrometer, originally installed at JET in 1996 for 14-MeV neutron measurements, has been upgraded, with the main aim of improving its signal-to-background ratio (S/B), making measurements of the 2.5-MeV neutron emission in D plasmas possible. The upgrade includes a new focal-plane detector, based on the phoswich technique and consequently less sensitive to background, and a new custom-designed digital data acquisition system based on transient recorder cards. Results from JET show that the upgraded MPRu can measure 2.5-MeV neutrons with S/B=5, an improvement by a factor of 50 compared with the original MPR. S/B of 2.8×104 in future DT experiments is estimated. The performance of the MPRu is exemplified with results from recent D plasma operations at JET, concerning both measurements with Ohmic, ion cyclotron resonance (ICRH) and neutral beam injection (NBI) plasma heating, as well as measurements of tritium burn-up neutrons. The upgraded instrument allows for 2.5-MeV neutron emission and deuterium ion temperature measurements in plasmas with low levels of tritium, a feature necessary for the ITER experiment.
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- Carlman, Peter, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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A sport for all programme in school : girls’ experience.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sport in Society. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1743-0437 .- 1743-0445. ; 22:3, s. 416-431
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines a Swedish Sport for All Programme (SAP) in school. We use a case study to discuss girls’ debut in alternative sports programme organized in collaboration between school and the sports movement. The empirical data are derived from repeated focus group interviews with one group of seven 10-year-old girls participating in one SAP. The analyses focus on their subjective experiences and how broader gender structures influence these experiences. Drawing on the results of this study, we argue that certain sports can be interpreted as oppressive activities that produce asymmetric power relationships between different groups of children. Simultaneously, the girls see the idea of sports as joyful activities, without male abuse and oppression or hierarchical gender relationships. Based on the girls’ accounts, we claim that both the leaders and the children actively reproduce gender stereotypes in the SAP.
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- Carlman, Peter, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender regime in a Sport for All programme in school
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionThe aim of the study was to investigate children’s experiences of The Sport for All programme in school (SAP) (idrottsskolan). The specific purpose with this paper was to investigate if boys and girls have equality accessibility to participate in the SAP. The purpose of the SAP is to give children an opportunity to try different sports, with a focus on play and motor learning rather than organized competition.MethodsThis article is based on repeated focus group interviews with one group of 7 ten-year-old girls participating in a SAP in the western part of Sweden. The girls had no, or limited experience, of practice organized sport on their leisure time. The girl’s lived in a low socioeconomic district with a high proportion of immigrants. In the district there is few sports clubs.ResultsThe result shows how the boys have the power to dominate the practice and influence the girls’ experiences of the SAP. And sometimes the boys take over and control the practice in so considerable proportions that the girls find it difficult to participate in the SAP. The study shows that the boys have a better opportunity to use their agency (Alanen, 2014), partly in cooperation with the leaders, and be a part of and influence the sport activities in the SAP. ConclusionsThe girls in the study felt that they were disparaged and excluded cause of the boys’ behaviour. Hence, it is absolutely necessarily that organizer of the SAP pay attention to gender issues and work out guidelines and strategies so that both girls and boys feel included in the SAP:s all activities. As has been discussed before (Flintoff, 2008), and according the results in this study, it requires more than to just start up sport activities and hope that more alternatives will boost more and new participants.
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| 10. |
- Carlman, Peter, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Genusrelaterade erfarenheter av Idrottsskolan : en grupp flickor berättar
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- SyfteIdrottsskolan innebär att flera idrottsföreningar samverkar med skolan, där barn påfritidshemstiden kontinuerligt under en termin ges möjligheten att prova på olika idrotter.Den ska bygga på lek och sätta barnen i centrum och inte vara grundad i organiseradtävlingsverksamhet. Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om flickors erfarenheter avidrottsskolan.MetodStudien baseras på upprepade (två tillfällen) fokusgruppsintervjuer med en grupp beståendeav sju stycken tioåriga flickor som deltog i en idrottsskola på västsvensk ort. Flickorna hadeingen eller begränsad erfarenhet av organiserad föreningsidrott.Teoretisk inramningStudien tar stöd den så kallade ”nya” barndomssociologin, vilket innebär attbarnet sätts i centrum som en aktiv agent i sociala processer. Vidare omfattar studien ettgenusperspektiv i avsikt att belysa genusrelaterade normer och erfarenheter inomidrottsskolans ram.Förväntade slutsatserDet preliminära resultatet visar att de intervjuade flickorna beskriver pojkarna i idrottsskolanpå ett genusstereotypt vis och som en homogen grupp. Flickornas berättelser visar också attde har mött genusstereotypa uppfattningar från pojkarna om flickor. Enligt deraserfarenheter ges pojkarnas agens mer utrymme och de påverkar aktivt idrottsskolansinnehåll.
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