| 1. |
- Fors Connolly, Filip, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does Gender Equality Cause Gender Differences in Values? : Reassessing the Gender-Equality-Personality Paradox
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sex Roles. - : Springer. - 0360-0025 .- 1573-2762. ; 83, s. 101-113
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Gender-Equality-Personality Paradox (GEPP) is the finding that gender differences in personality are at their largest in the most gender equal countries. Previous known studies have not examined this relationship over time. Examining this linkage is crucial to our understanding of gender differences and personality development. In the present study, we contrast evolutionary perspectives predicting a gender divergence in personality due to progression in gender equality against biosocial perspectives predicting convergence. Using data from all eight rounds of the European Social Survey (n = 235,339) across 32 European countries, we report three findings. First, in accordance with the evolutionary perspective, country-level gender equality is positively associated with gender differences in basic human values. Second, in accordance with the biosocial perspective, we find evidence supporting gender convergence in basic human values. Third, contradicting both evolutionary and biosocial assumptions, we find no evidence that gender equality causes gender differences in values. We argue that there is a need to explore alternative explanations to the observed cross-sectional association between gender equality and personality differences, as well as gender convergence in personality over time.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berg, Linda, 1973, et al.
(författare)
-
National Identity and Political Trust
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Perspectives on European Politics and Society. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1570-5854 .- 1568-0258. ; 11:4, s. 390-407
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article set out to test the almost taken for granted assumption that a minimum form of cohesion amongst the members of society is needed in order for political institutions to exist over time. The problem is that it is rare to find any specifications of the content of the national cohesion to be effective. The debate goes from thin to thick forms of cohesion. We aim to test this idea by examining how two forms of collective national identity (ethnic and civic) affect individual political trust in 18 European countries. We conclude that a strong civic national identity has a positive impact on political trust whereas a strong ethnic national identity has a negative impact on political trust. Individual data comes from the European Social Survey 2004 (ESSII).
|
|
| 3. |
- Bevelander, Pieter, et al.
(författare)
-
The religious affiliation and anti-Semitism of secondary school-age Swedish youths : an analysis of survey data from 2003 and 2009
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Ethnic and Racial Studies. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0141-9870 .- 1466-4356. ; 38:15, s. 2705-2721
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Not only Swedish studies, but also several international studies, claim an increase in anti-Semitic attitudes in recent decades. As prejudice is acquired in the early years of socialization, and/or is innate and fairly stable over the life cycle, examining adolescents’ attitudes is vitally important. Hence, by controlling for individual demographic and socio-economic background factors, we study two interrelated questions: Has anti-Semitism among Swedish secondary school-age youths changed between 2003 and 2009? Are changes equal across groups, with a specific focus on religious groups? Using two unique cross-section surveys of secondary school-age students in Sweden for the years 2003 and 2009, we try to address the above questions. Our analysis shows, in contrast to the views of the general public and other related studies, that anti-Semitism has decreased slightly during the examined period. Moreover, the study finds a variation in anti-Semitism by religious affiliation: it has increased among Muslim youth, but remains stable in other groups.
|
|
| 4. |
- Bohman, Andrea, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19-induced academic stress and its impact on life satisfaction and optimism : a panel study of Swedish university students between 2020 and 2022
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Higher Education. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2156-8235 .- 2156-8243.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we analyse the level of and development in students’ academic stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We devote particular attention to students that first entered university in 2020, ‘the COVID cohort’, who had fewer opportunities to integrate in ways that theoretically should mitigate the impact of pandemic-induced disruption to their studies. Using four waves of data, collected 2020–2022, we find evidence of both pandemic and cohort effects among Swedish university students (N = 3138). During the pandemic’s first year academic stress due to COVID-19 increased regardless of pre-pandemic university experience. The stress, in turn, negatively impacted students’ life satisfaction, a factor theoretically linked to key student outcomes like persistence and academic performance but had limited effect on students’ long-term optimism. The COVID cohort expressed higher levels of academic stress and experienced a greater drop in life satisfaction compared to the most senior students (3 years or more), but largely overlapped with students with some university experience (1–2 years). These group differences persisted in spring 2022. Finally, we found that the higher levels of pandemic-induced academic stress in the COVID cohort were mitigated by experiences that foster academic and social integration, specifically by teacher support and social cohesion.
|
|
| 5. |
- Bohman, Andrea, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
En attitydfråga
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Axess. - 1651-0941. ; :5, s. 46-49
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 6. |
- Bohman, Andrea, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Europa tycker olika
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Axess. - 1651-0941. ; :5, s. 50-53
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 7. |
- Bohman, Andrea, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
How the religious context affects the relationship between religiosity and attitudes towards immigration
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Ethnic and Racial Studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0141-9870 .- 1466-4356. ; 37:6, s. 937-957
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article approaches two shortcomings in previous research on religiosity and prejudice: (1) the lack of cross-country comparative studies; and (2) a failure to consider any moderating effects of religious contexts. We examine whether the relationship between religiosity and anti-immigration attitudes varies depending on religious contexts in Europe, and we find two things. First, strongly religious people are on average less likely to oppose immigration than non-religious people. Second, different religious contexts moderate the religiosity–attitude relationship in that religious people in Protestant countries and in countries with a low proportion of majority adherents are more tolerant than religious people in Catholic countries and in religiously homogenous countries. State policies also matter in that religious people are more negative where the government favours the majority religion. This calls into question the taken-for-granted understanding of religiosity and out-group attitudes found in the USA.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bohman, Andrea, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
In the wake of extreme right electoral success : A cross-country comparative study of anti-immigration attitudes over time
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article tests a theoretically assumed relationship between the parliamentary presence of extreme right parties (ERP) and anti-immigration attitudes over time. Data come from six rounds of the European Social Survey between 2002 and 2012 and cover the 16 European countries that participated in all rounds during this time. Using multi-level models with applications for repeated cross-sectional data, the study examines the implications of changes tied to the political advancements of the extreme right with a focus on three possible scenarios: people’s attitudes about immigration have generally become more negative, opposition towards immigration has become more dependent on immigrants’ ethnicity, and attitudes towards immigration have become more polarized. Contrary to expectations, it is found that neither the presence, the representational strength, nor the nationalistic framing of an ERP affect opposition towards immigration over time. Thus, the conclusion is that the ERPs, so far, have not driven anti-immigration attitudes in Europe. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in the concluding section.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bohman, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
-
In the wake of radical right electoral success : a cross-country comparative study of anti-immigration attitudes over time
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of ethnic and migration studies. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1369-183X .- 1469-9451. ; 11:42, s. 1729-1747
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper tests the theoretically assumed relationship between the parliamentary presence of radical right parties (RRPs) and anti-immigration attitudes over time. Data come from six rounds of the European Social Survey between 2002 and 2012. Using multi-level models with applications for repeated cross-sectional data, the study examines the implications of changes tied to the political advancements of the radical right with a focus on three possible scenarios: people's attitudes about immigration have generally become more negative, opposition towards immigration has become more dependent on immigrants' ethnicity, and attitudes towards immigration have become more polarised. Contrary to expectations, it is found that neither the presence, the representational strength, nor the nationalistic framing of an RRP affect opposition towards immigration over time. Thus, the conclusion is that the RRPs, so far, have not driven anti-immigration attitudes in Europe. Possible explanations for these results are discussed in the concluding section.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bohman, Andrea, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Politics and prejudice : How political discussion with peers is related to attitudes about immigrants during adolescence
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Sociology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-7775. ; 4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on prejudice has shown that with whom we surround ourselves matters for intergroup attitudes, but these studies have paid little attention to the content of those interactions. Studies on political socialization and deliberation have focused on the content of interaction by examining the transmission of norms as well as the direct consequences of political discussion on attitudes and behavior. However, this literature has not focused on prejudice as a potential consequence. In this study, we combine these approaches to examine if political discussions with peers during adolescence matter for prejudice. We rely on five waves of a Swedish panel of adolescents, ages 13-22. Results show an association between political discussion and prejudice over time, and that this relationship increases as adolescents grow older. Results also demonstrate that the effect of political discussions depends on the level of prejudice in one’s peer network. Discussion with low prejudice friends is associated with lower levels of prejudice over time, while political discussion with high prejudice peers is not significantly related to attitudes.
|
|
