| 1. |
- Phu, Vu Dinh, et al.
(författare)
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Ventilator-associated respiratory infection in a resource-restricted setting: impact and etiology
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Intensive Care. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 2052-0492. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ventilator-associated respiratory infection (VARI) is a significant problem in resource-restricted intensive care units (ICUs), but differences in casemix and etiology means VARI in resource-restricted ICUs may be different from that found in resource-rich units. Data from these settings are vital to plan preventative interventions and assess their cost-effectiveness, but few are available.
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| 2. |
- Pham, Thi Anh Mai, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of screening algorithms to detect rectal colonization with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a resource-limited setting
- 2024
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Ingår i: JAC - Antimicrobial Resistance. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 2632-1823. ; 6:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To improve and rationalize the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) in rectal swabs in a high-prevalence and resource-constrained setting, addressing surveillance challenges typically encountered in laboratories with limited resources.Methods A point prevalence survey (PPS) was conducted on 15 August 2022, in a provincial children's hospital in northern Vietnam. Rectal swab samples of all admitted children were collected and plated on a selective medium for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed by MALDI-TOF, and VITEK2 XL and interpreted according to CLSI breakpoints (2022). Carbapenemases were detected by the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).Results Rectal swab samples were obtained from 376 patients. Of 178 isolates growing on the CRE screening agar, 140 isolates were confirmed as Enterobacterales of which 118 (84.3%) isolates were resistant to meropenem and/or ertapenem. CIM and PCR showed that 90/118 (76.3%) were carbapenemase producers. Overall, 83/367 (22.6%) were colonized by CPE. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex were the most common CPE detected, with NDM as the predominant carbapenemase (78/90; 86.7%). Phenotypic resistance to meropenem was the best predictor of CPE production (sensitivity 85.6%, specificity 100%) compared with ertapenem resistance (95.6% sensitivity, 36% specificity). CIM was 100% concordant with PCR in detecting carbapenemases.Conclusions These findings underscore the effectiveness of meropenem resistance as a robust indicator of the production of carbapenemases and the reliability of the CIM method to detect such carbapenemases in resource-limited settings where the performance of molecular methods is not possible.
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| 3. |
- Tran, Ngoc Hieu, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic profiling of Vietnamese population from large-scale genomic analysis of non-invasive prenatal testing data
- 2020
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The under-representation of several ethnic groups in existing genetic databases and studies have undermined our understanding of the genetic variations and associated traits or diseases in many populations. Cost and technology limitations remain the challenges in performing large-scale genome sequencing projects in many developing countries, including Vietnam. As one of the most rapidly adopted genetic tests, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) data offers an alternative untapped resource for genetic studies. Here we performed a large-scale genomic analysis of 2683 pregnant Vietnamese women using their NIPT data and identified a comprehensive set of 8,054,515 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, among which 8.2% were new to the Vietnamese population. Our study also revealed 24,487 disease-associated genetic variants and their allele frequency distribution, especially 5 pathogenic variants for prevalent genetic disorders in Vietnam. We also observed major discrepancies in the allele frequency distribution of disease-associated genetic variants between the Vietnamese and other populations, thus highlighting a need for genome-wide association studies dedicated to the Vietnamese population. The resulted database of Vietnamese genetic variants, their allele frequency distribution, and their associated diseases presents a valuable resource for future genetic studies.
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| 4. |
- Afshin, Ashkan, et al.
(författare)
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Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990-2017 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10184, s. 1958-1972
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Suboptimal diet is an important preventable risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs); however, its impact on the burden of NCDs has not been systematically evaluated. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of major foods and nutrients across 195 countries and to quantify the impact of their suboptimal intake on NCD mortality and morbidity.Methods: By use of a comparative risk assessment approach, we estimated the proportion of disease-specific burden attributable to each dietary risk factor (also referred to as population attributable fraction) among adults aged 25 years or older. The main inputs to this analysis included the intake of each dietary factor, the effect size of the dietary factor on disease endpoint, and the level of intake associated with the lowest risk of mortality. Then, by use of diseasespecific population attributable fractions, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), we calculated the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to diet for each disease outcome.Findings: In 2017, 11 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 10-12) deaths and 255 million (234-274) DALYs were attributable to dietary risk factors. High intake of sodium (3 million [1-5] deaths and 70 million [34-118] DALYs), low intake of whole grains (3 million [2-4] deaths and 82 million [59-109] DALYs), and low intake of fruits (2 million [1-4] deaths and 65 million [41-92] DALYs) were the leading dietary risk factors for deaths and DALYs globally and in many countries. Dietary data were from mixed sources and were not available for all countries, increasing the statistical uncertainty of our estimates.Interpretation: This study provides a comprehensive picture of the potential impact of suboptimal diet on NCD mortality and morbidity, highlighting the need for improving diet across nations. Our findings will inform implementation of evidence-based dietary interventions and provide a platform for evaluation of their impact on human health annually.
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| 5. |
- Bengtsson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of Web-Based Respondent-Driven Sampling among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Vietnam
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:11, s. e49417-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Lack of representative data about hidden groups, like men who have sex with men (MSM), hinders an evidence-based response to the HIV epidemics. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was developed to overcome sampling challenges in studies of populations like MSM for which sampling frames are absent. Internet-based RDS (webRDS) can potentially circumvent limitations of the original RDS method. We aimed to implement and evaluate webRDS among a hidden population. Methods and Design: criteria were men, aged 18 and above, who had ever had sex with another man and were living in Vietnam. Participants were invited by an MSM friend, logged in, and answered a survey. Participants could recruit up to four MSM friends. We evaluated the system by its success in generating sustained recruitment and the degree to which the sample compositions stabilized with increasing sample size. Results: Twenty starting participants generated 676 participants over 24 recruitment waves. Analyses did not show evidence of bias due to ineligible participation. Estimated mean age was 22 years and 82% came from the two large metropolitan areas. 32 out of 63 provinces were represented. The median number of sexual partners during the last six months was two. The sample composition stabilized well for 16 out of 17 variables. Conclusion: Results indicate that webRDS could be implemented at a low cost among Internet-using MSM in Vietnam. WebRDS may be a promising method for sampling of Internet-using MSM and other hidden groups.
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| 6. |
- Chen, Xiangrong, et al.
(författare)
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Surface Potential Decay on LDPE and its Nanocomposites
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annual Report - Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, CEIDP. - 0084-9162. ; 2017-October, s. 485-488
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To elucidate capabilities of nanocomposites in a full extend, deep understanding of various physical processes induced by electric fields in the bulk and on surfaces of the materials is needed. This paper reports an investigation of surface potential decay on low-density polyethylene and its mixtures with Al2O3 and MgO nanofillers. Samples of two groups materials with various thicknesses prepeared using different manufacturing processes were used in the study. The samples were pre-charged by negative corona and surface potentials were measured by a non-contact technique at room temperature. The obtained results showed that the addition of nanofillers remarkably slowed down the potential decay process irrespectively of film thicknesses and fabrication processes. This is attributed to the significantly lower conductivities of LDPE nanocomposites as compared to pure material. Moreover, the conductivities of the filled materials exhibited strong electric field dependences. It is postulated that the effect can be related to the increased trap energy in the nanocomposites.
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| 7. |
- Duc, Duong M., 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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A Secular Trend in Birth Weight and Delivery Practices in Periurban Vietnam During 2005-2012
- 2017
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Ingår i: Asia-Pacific journal of public health. - : SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC. - 1010-5395 .- 1941-2479. ; 29:5 Suppl., s. 18S-24S
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The remarkable increase in Vietnamese economic conditions can increase the birth weight in neonates and better delivery practices among women. The Chi Linh Health and Demographic Surveillance System started in 2004. An open cohort of data consisting of about 57561 people from 17993 households has been followed primarily with respect to demography, economy, and education. The aim of this research is to study secular trends in delivery practice and birth weight in the past decade (2005-2012) in Chi Linh. We found a significant change in delivery rates at hospitals and cesarean section rates, but the birth weights over a decade of drastic economic development were stable. Furthermore, the findings show significant associations of birth weight and delivery practices with the child's sex, mother's age, and household income. Our results might be considered as representative for other similar periurban settings in Vietnam. We suggest that appropriate policies should be developed given the reduction in the use of delivery services in commune health centers in urban areas.
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| 8. |
- Giang, Kim Bao, et al.
(författare)
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Relative Importance of Different Attributes of Graphic Health Warnings on Tobacco Packages in Viet Nam
- 2016
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Ingår i: Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. - 1513-7368. ; 17, s. 79-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Graphic health warnings (GHW) on tobacco packages have proven to be effective in increasing quit attempts among smokers and reducing initial smoking among adolescents. This research aimed to examine the relative importance of different attributes of graphic health warnings on tobacco packages in Viet Nam. A discrete choice experimental (DCE) design was applied with a conditional logit model. In addition, a ranking method was used to list from the least to the most dreadful GHW labels. With the results from DCE model, graphic type was shown to be the most important attribute, followed by cost and coverage area of GHW. The least important attribute was position of the GHW. Among 5 graphic types (internal lung cancer image, external damaged teeth, abstract image, human suffering image and text), the image of lung cancer was found to have the strongest influence on both smokers and non-smokers. With ranking method, the image of throat cancer and heart diseases were considered the most dreadful images. GHWs should be designed with these attributes in mind, to maximise influence on purchase among both smokers and non-smokers.
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| 9. |
- Hoang-Anh, Ho
(författare)
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Essays on Culture, Institutions, and Economic Development
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Culture and institutions are important to understand individual behaviors and economic development. In this thesis, I study the origins of cultural divergence across societies, the emergence of private property rights, and the relationship between private property rights and economic development. First, I discover that the selective migration of individualistic people out of collectivistic societies in the past has left its trace in the cultural divergence along the individualism-collectivism dimension in the present. Second, I show that the state devises property rights to land to maximize tax revenue, producing the rise and fall of private property rights to land in response to changes in population density. Third, I find that private land tenure only has a modest impact on rural economic development. Thus, this thesis demonstrates the importance of history in understanding current economic issues, as well as provides valuable lessons on the privatization of agricultural land.
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| 10. |
- Hoang-Anh, Ho, et al.
(författare)
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The Origins of Cultural Divergence: Evidence from a Developing Country
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cultural norms diverge substantially across societies, often even within the same country. In the present paper, we study the voluntary settlement hypoth- esis, proposing that individualistic people tend to self-select into migrating out of reach from collectivist states towards the periphery and that such patterns of historical migration are reflected even in the contemporary distribution of norms. During most of the first millennium CE, the modern north of Vietnam was under an exogenously imposed Chinese rule. From the eleventh to the eighteenth centuries, historical Vietnam gradually expanded its territory to the Mekong River Delta through various waves of conquest and migration. In contrast to some recent research, we find very little support from historical sources for any major discontinuities in this territorial expansion. Combining archives with household survey and lab-in-the-field experiment, we demon- strate that areas being annexed earlier into historical Vietnam are nowadays more (less) prone to collectivist (individualist) culture. We argue that the southward out-migration of individualistic people was the main mechanism behind this finding, which is also in line with many historical accounts.
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