| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Santangelo, James S., et al.
(författare)
-
Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 375
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural dines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Dunn, Matt J, et al.
(författare)
-
Minimal reporting guideline for research involving eye tracking (2023 edition)
-
Ingår i: Behavior Research Methods. - 1554-3528.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A guideline is proposed that comprises the minimum items to be reported in research studies involving an eye tracker and human or non-human primate participant(s). This guideline was developed over a 3-year period using a consensus-based process via an open invitation to the international eye tracking community. This guideline will be reviewed at maximum intervals of 4 years.
|
|
| 5. |
- Smoktunowicz, Ewelina, et al.
(författare)
-
Consensus statement on the problem of terminology in psychological interventions using the internet or digital components
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Internet Interventions. - : Elsevier. - 2214-7829. ; 21, s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the emergence of psychological interventions delivered via the Internet they have differed in numerous ways. The wealth of formats, methods, and technological solutions has led to increased availability and cost-effectiveness of clinical care, however, it has simultaneously generated a multitude of terms. With this paper, we first aim to establish whether a terminology issue exists in the field of Internet-delivered psychological interventions. If so, we aim to determine its implications for research, education, and practice. Furthermore, we intend to discuss solutions to mitigate the problem; in particular, we propose the concept of a common glossary. We invited 23 experts in the field of Internet-delivered interventions to respond to four questions, and employed the Delphi method to facilitate a discussion. We found that experts overwhelmingly agreed that there were terminological challenges, and that it had significant consequences for conducting research, treating patients, educating students, and informing the general public about Internet-delivered interventions. A cautious agreement has been reached that formulating a common glossary would be beneficial for the field to address the terminology issue. We end with recommendations for the possible formats of the glossary and means to disseminate it in a way that maximizes the probability of broad acceptance for a variety of stakeholders.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Reaching Out to Big Losers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Brief Motivational Contact Providing Gambling Expenditure Feedback
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0893-164X .- 1939-1501. ; 33:3, s. 179-189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gambling disorder is a public health issue in many countries, and expectations that the gambling industry protects individuals from harm are increasing. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effects of providing personalized feedback on gambling intensity among high consumers of venue-based and online gambling in Norway. A randomized controlled trial design was used to evaluate how behavioral feedback by telephone or letters sent via surface mail affects subsequent gambling expenditure and use of responsible gambling tools and whether a follow-up contact increases the effect. Gambling expenditure, the primary outcome, was measured using theoretical loss, which is the actual cost to the player, adjusted for the house advantage. From the top .5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, a sample of 1,003 statistical triplets, matched on sex, age, and net losses, were randomly assigned to the feedback intervention by telephone, letter, or a no-contact control condition. Participants assigned to the phone call or letter were also randomly assigned to receive or not receive a subsequent follow-up contact. The results showed that over 12 weeks, theoretical loss decreased 29% for the phone and 15% for the letter conditions, compared with 3% for the control group. A positive effect of the follow-up contact was limited to participants who at the initial call indicated an interest in receiving a follow-up call. Contacting high consumers about their gambling expenditure appears to be an effective method for gambling companies to meet their duty to care for customers.
|
|
| 8. |
- Jonsson, Jakob, et al.
(författare)
-
Reaching out to big losers leads to sustained reductions in gambling over 1 year: a randomized controlled trial of brief motivational contact
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Addiction. - : Wiley. - 0965-2140 .- 1360-0443. ; 115:8, s. 1522-1531
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims A previous randomized controlled trial demonstrated that telephone- and letter-based motivational interventions with high-expenditure gamblers had significant short-term positive effects on gambling and use of responsible gambling tools. This post-trial follow-up examined outcomes in gambling expenditure over 12 months. Design Observational study following a three-arm randomized controlled trial. Setting Customers of Norsk Tipping (NT) gambling platforms, Norway. Participants A total of 1003 statistical triplets from the top 0.5% of customers based upon annual expenditure, matched on sex, age and net losses. Mean age was 53.4 years; 19% were women, mean yearly loss for 2016 was 88 197 NoK. Interventions and comparator Feedback intervention by telephone, letter or a no-contact control condition. Measurements Primary outcome measure was gambling theoretical loss, derived from the NT customer database. Secondary outcomes were responsible gambling customer actions and whether or not the participant was retained as an NT customer. Findings Per-protocol analyses of triplets who received the telephone call or letter as randomly assigned (n = 596) showed a positive and sustained effect over 12 months: the telephone group showed a 30% reduction in theoretical loss (d = 0.44) and the letter group 13% (d = 0.18), both outperforming the control group with a 7% reduction (d = 0.11). The telephone condition was superior to both the letter and control conditions in per-protocol (P < 0.001) and to control condition in intention-to-treat analyses (ITT) (P < 0.001). Individuals in the telephone condition took more responsible gambling actions. The letter condition had better outcomes than the control in the ITT-only analysis (P < 0.001). More than 93% were still customers a year after the intervention. Conclusions Personal contact with high-expenditure gambling customers in Norway that provided individualized feedback on expenditures was associated with reduced theoretical losses and greater use of responsible gambling tools over a 12-month period, compared with no contact. Telephone intervention with customers had a larger impact than a mailed letter.
|
|
