| 1. |
- Hogberg, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Phthalate diesters and their metabolites in human breast milk, blood or serum, and urine as biomarkers of exposure in vulnerable populations
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 116:3, s. 334-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phthalates may pose a risk for perinatal developmental effects. An important question relates to the choice of suitable biological matrices for assessing exposure during this period. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in breast milk, blood or serum, and urine and to evaluate their suitability for assessing perinatal exposure to phthalates. METHODS: In 2001, 2-3 weeks after delivery, 42 Swedish primipara provided breast milk, blood, and urine samples at home. Special care was taken to minimize contamination with phthalates (e.g., use of a special breast milk pump, heat treatment of glassware and needles, addition of phosphoric acid). RESULTS: Phthalate diesters and metabolites in milk and blood or serum, if detected, were present at concentrations close to the limit of detection. By contrast, most phthalate metabolites were detectable in urine at concentrations comparable to those from the general population in the United States and in Germany. No correlations existed between urine concentrations and those found in milk or blood/serum for single phthalate metabolites. Our data are at odds with a previous study documenting frequent detection and comparatively high concentrations of phthalate metabolites in Finnish and Danish mothers' milk. CONCLUSIONS: Concentrations of phthalate metabolites in urine are more informative than those in milk or serum. Furthermore, collection of milk or blood may be associated with discomfort and potential technical problems such as contamination (unless oxidative metabolites are measured). Although urine is a suitable matrix for health-related phthalate monitoring, urinary concentrations in nursing mothers cannot be used to estimate exposure to phthalates through milk ingestion by breast-fed infants.
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| 2. |
- Hogberg, N., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Serpula lacrymans and other decay fungi in construction timber by sequencing of ribosomal DNA - A practical approach
- 2004
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 58:2, s. 199-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have approached species identification of wood decay fungi in construction wood by means of sequencing ribosomal DNA. Sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), which includes the 5.8S rDNA, is straightforward and provides a basis for species identification. Identification was either by BLAST search on sequences in GenBank or phylogenetic analysis. A number of important wood decay fungi such as Serpula lacrymans, S. himantioides, Antrodia serialis, A. sinuosa, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Fomitopsis pinicola, Resinicium bicolor and Junghuhnia collabens have been successfully identified from fruitbodies and directly from wood samples. Sequence variants were found within the species sampled including S. himantioides, the close relative of S. lacrymans. But, among 27 samples from fruitbodies and mycelium of S. lacrymans, unexpectedly, no sequence variation was detected.
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| 3. |
- Land, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of fungi, especially Stachybotrys chartarum from gypsum boards, by means of PCR and sequencing of ribosomal DNA
- 2003
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Ingår i: Indoor + Built Environment. - 1420-326X .- 1423-0070. ; 12:4, s. 227-229
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gypsum boards infested by Stachybotrys chartarum are often found in built-in constructions. A PCR-based analysis method has been developed for S. chartarum using specific primers based on the Tri5 gene. Another method for detecting fungi is by species identification via sequencing of ribosomal DNA. Sequencing of ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) and the 5.8s rDNA is straightforward and provides a basis for species identification. The sequences were searched for by means of BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) in the GenBank. The PCR technique will be an important step in the future both toward detecting fungal infestations at an early stage because of the ability to detect specifically the infestation without time-consuming cultivation in the laboratory and allowing reliable species identification based on sequences obtained from databases.
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| 4. |
- Quist, E, et al.
(författare)
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Responses of a nitrogen-saturated forest to a sharp decrease in nitrogen input
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 28, s. 1970-1977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reversibility of induced N saturation was investigated in a 46- yr-old pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest in northern Sweden Ammonium nitrate has been applied annually since 1971 to plots (30 by 30 m) at average dosages of 36 (N1), 72 (N2), and 108 (N3) kg N ha(-1) yr(-1): with or without P and K addition (background N deposition is <4 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)). In 1990, after two decades of treatment, the largest N application (N3) was suspended, while N1 and N2 still received ammonium nitrate applications. Seven gears after the last application in N3, the N availability measured as N concentration in plants spine roots and needles and in leaves of the grass Deschampsia flexuosa (L.) Trin.] and activity of the enzyme nitrate reductase in leaves of D. flexuosa, and N-15 uptake by excised pine roots, was at the same levels as in N1, although more than twice the amount of N has been applied in total to N3. The arginine concentrations in pine needles, concentrations of exchangeable mineral N in the organic layer and the uppermost 20 cm of the mineral soil were at the same levels as in the control plots. Thus, an experimentally induced N excess was, according to these measurements, to a high degree reversed 7 yr after the last N application. However, the composition of the understory vegetation still differed markedly from the untreated control 8 yr after the last N3 application.
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| 5. |
- Raberg, U., et al.
(författare)
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Detection and species discrimination using rDNA T-RFLP for identification of wood decay fungi
- 2005
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 59:6, s. 696-702
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present work PCR technology was used as a tool to detect the early stages of wood decay and was compared with microscopic evaluation. The wood decay fungi Postia placenta and Coniophora puteana were detectable in interior wood samples by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) after 2 weeks of incubation with monocultures, while microscopic detection of hyphae was not possible until after 7 weeks. A potential problem when fungal communities are studied with T-RFLPs of rDNA is that intra-specific variation complicates data analysis. In this work, we show that intra-specific sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA in Coniophora puteana allows T-RFLP identification of this species. This is due to intra-specific variations in fragment length, in combination with the absence of point mutations in the selected restriction sites.
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| 6. |
- Raberg, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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External and internal fungal flora of pine sapwood (Pinus sylvestris L.) specimens in above-ground field tests at six different sites in south-west Germany
- 2007
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Ingår i: Holzforschung. - 0018-3830 .- 1437-434X. ; 61:1, s. 104-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The occurrence of fungal species on pine sapwood samples obtained from an above-ground field test study was analysed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), cloning, and sequencing. Samples were taken from eight double-layer set-ups that were exposed to the environment at six different locations in south-west Germany. The occurrence of fungal species was correlated with decay intensity and rot types on one hand, and characteristics of the test sites, such as precipitation, average temperature and height above sea level on the other hand. In total, 62 different fungal species were found based on T-RFLP cloning and sequencing. Of the 39 species that were found four or more times, 30 were ascomycetes, five were basidiomycetes, and four could not be classified. The most common fungus found in this study was Coniochaeta ligniaria ((Grev.) Cooke), a soft rot fungus that occurred in 87 of 152 samples (57%). No single factor at the test sites seemed to be decisive for the abundance of fungal species or decay intensity. Within the first years of this study, soft rot fungi was found more frequently in pine sapwood specimens than basidiomycetes.
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