| 1. |
- Bhatnagar, Amit, et al.
(författare)
-
Hunting for valuables from landfills and assessing their market opportunities : A case study with Kudjape landfill in Estonia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - : Sage Publications. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 35:6, s. 627-635
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfill mining is an alternative technology that merges the ideas of material recycling and sustainable waste management. This paper reports a case study to estimate the value of landfilled materials and their respective market opportunities, based on a full-scale landfill mining project in Estonia. During the project, a dump site (Kudjape, Estonia) was excavated with the main objectives of extracting soil-like final cover material with the function of methane degradation. In total, about 57,777 m(3) of waste was processed, particularly the uppermost 10-year layer of waste. Manual sorting was performed in four test pits to determine the detailed composition of wastes. 11,610 kg of waste was screened on site, resulting in fine (<40 mm) and coarse (>40 mm) fractions with the share of 54% and 46%, respectively. Some portion of the fine fraction was sieved further to obtain a very fine grained fraction of <10 mm and analyzed for its potential for metals recovery. The average chemical composition of the <10 mm soil-like fraction suggests that it offers opportunities for metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) extraction and recovery. The findings from this study highlight the importance of implementing best available site-specific technologies for on-site separation up to 10 mm grain size, and the importance of developing and implementing innovative extraction methods for materials recovery from soil-like fractions.
|
|
| 2. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
On the way to 'zero waste' management : Recovery potential of elements, including rare earth elements, from fine fraction of waste
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 186, s. 81-90
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Existing schemes of solid waste handling have been improved implementing advanced systems for recovery and reuse of various materials. Nowadays, the 'zero waste' concept is becoming more topical through the reduction of disposed waste. Recovery of metals, nutrients and other materials that can be returned to the material cycles still remain as a challenge for future. Landfill mining (LFM) is one of the approaches that can deal with former dumpsites, and derived materials may become important for circular economy within the concept 'beyond the zero waste'. Perspectives of material recovery can include recycling of critical industrial metals, including rare earth elements (REEs). The LFM projects performed in the Baltic Region along with a conventional source separation of iron-scrap, plastics etc. have shown that the potential of fine-grained fractions (including clay and colloidal matter) of excavated waste have considerably large amounts of potentially valuable metals and distinct REEs. In this paper analytical screening studies are discussed extending the understanding of element content in fine fraction of waste derived from excavated, separated and screened waste in a perspective of circular economy. Technological feasibility was evaluated by using modified sequential extraction technique where easy extractable amount of metals can be estimated. Results revealed that considerable concentrations of Mn (418-823 mg/kg), Ni (41-84 mg/kg), Co (10.7-19.3 mg/kg) and Cd (1.0-3.0 mg/kg) were detected in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste sampled from Hogbytorp landfill, while Cr (49-518 mg/kg) and Pb (30-264 mg/kg) were found in fine fraction (<10 mm) of waste from Torma landfill revealing wide heterogeneity of tested samples. Waste should become a utilizable resource closing the loop of anthropogenic material cycle as the hidden potential of valuable materials in dumps is considerable.
|
|
| 3. |
- Burlakovs, Juris, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
-
Paradigms on landfill mining : From dump site scavenging to ecosystem services revitalization
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 123, s. 73-84
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (
|
|
| 4. |
- Hogland, Marika, et al.
(författare)
-
Preliminary analysis of elements in water supply sludge at Rönneholms Mosse fields, southern Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference (SGEM 2018). - Sofia : International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference & EXPO SGEM. - 9781510873575 ; , s. 111-118
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sydvatten AB operates the water plant Ringsjö Agency in Stehag, Southern Sweden, and the company has since the 1970s deposited waterworks sludge in the sludge landfill at Rönneholms Mosse (bog), Sjöholmen (WGS84 55°48'46.1"N 13°18'25.6"E). In order to handle the produced future waterworks sludge from Ringsjö there was carried out a trenching and stratigraphic study of Ringsjö Agency waterworks sludge. The aim of the project was to roughly determine the mass balance for Fe and Al for the basis of the results to determine potential extraction and recycling opportunities for the iron and/or aluminum hydroxides of water treatment sludge. In addition trace elements and rare earth elements (REE) were studied. Analysis of 10 cores were characterized by technogenic stratigraphy, texture and color, results of geochemical studies of processed sludge recovered possible recycling opportunities to implement circular economy principles in sludge management. The Interreg Baltic Sea Region within the scope of project “Interactive Water Management” (IWAMA) has supported this study.
|
|
| 5. |
- Hogland, Marika, et al.
(författare)
-
Remarks on four novel landfill mining case studies in Estonia and Sweden
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. - : Springer. - 1438-4957 .- 1611-8227. ; 20:2, s. 1355-1363
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In common sense, a landfill is a place where the life cycle of products ends. Landfill mining (LFM) mostly deals with former dumpsites and derived material may have a significant importance for the circular economy. Deliverables of recently applied LFM projects in Sweden and Estonia have revealed the potential and problems for material recovery. There are 75-100 thousand old landfills and dumps in the Baltic Sea Region, and they pose environmental risks to soil, water and air by pollution released from leachate and greenhouse gas emissions. Excavation of landfills is potential solution for solving these problems, and at the same time, there are perspectives to recover valuable lands and materials, save expenses for final coverage of the landfills and aftercare control. The research project "Closing the Life Cycle of Landfills-Landfill Mining in the Baltic Sea Region for Future" included investigation at four case studies in Estonia and Sweden: Kudjape, Torma, Hogbytorp and Vika landfills. Added value of this research project is characterization of waste fine fraction material, determination of concentration for most critical and rare earth elements. The main results showed that both, coarse and fine, fractions of waste might have certain opportunities of recovery.
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Characterisation of excavated fine fraction and waste composition from a Swedish landfill
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 34:12, s. 1292-1299
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present research studies the characterisation and the physico-chemical properties of an excavated fine fraction (<10 mm) from a Swedish landfill, the Högbytorp. The results showed that the fine fraction represents 38% by mass of the total excavated wastes and it contains mainly soil-type materials and minerals. Higher concentrations of zinc, copper, barium and chromium were found with concentrations higher than the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for contaminated soil. The found moisture and organic contents of the fine fraction were 23.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The analysed calorific value (1.7 MJ kg-1), the potential of CH4 (4.74 m3 t-1 dry matter) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) (5.6%) were low and offer low potential of energy. Sieving the fine fraction further showed that 80% was smaller than 2 mm. The fine represents a major fraction at any landfill (40%–70%), therefore, characterising the properties of this fraction is essential to find the potential of reusing/recycling or safely redisposing.
|
|
| 10. |
- Jani, Yahya, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
-
Composition of waste at an early EU-landfill of Torma in Estonia
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Iranica Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE). - : International Digital Organization for Scientific Information. - 2079-2115 .- 2079-2123. ; 8:2, s. 113-117
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfills represent a continuous environmental threat due to the emission of different greenhouse gases, which are mainly responsible for the climate changes, and the contaminated leachate that affects the surface and ground water recipients. The circular economy approach appeared as a useful solution to reduce the depletion of the Earth’s natural resources and the environmental risk effects by considering all of the lost resources like wastes including the landfills as potential secondary resources. It is well known that characterizing the composition of landfill waste is an essential step in specifying the recycling methods. In the current research the waste composition at one of the first EU regulations-compliant sanitary landfills (the Torma landfill in Estonia) was studied. The results showed that the fine fraction (<20 mm) represented 53% of the total excavated waste materials while the waste to energy fraction (plastics, woods etc.) was the highest within the coarse fraction (>20 mm). The present work emphasized that mining landfills can be a good solution either for extracting primary raw materials like metals, as a source for recovering energy, or for acquiring landfill space.
|
|
