| 1. |
- Hohner, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Anaesthesia for abdominal vascular surgery in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), Part I : Isoflurane produces dose-dependent coronary vasodilation
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. ; 38:8, s. 780-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effects of anaesthesia for major abdominal vascular surgery on coronary flow regulation and mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia were studied in 56 patients with CAD, using a randomized, partly double-blinded protocol. After induction with fentanyl (3 micrograms.kg-1) and thiopentone (2-4 mg.kg-1) and tracheal intubation, principal anaesthetics were nitrous oxide/oxygen (60/40) with isoflurane (n = 20), halothane (n = 19) or fentanyl (15-20 micrograms.kg-1) (n = 17). Conventional invasive techniques and coronary venous retrograde thermodilution were used to assess systemic and coronary haemodynamics. Coronary vascular resistance was estimated from myocardial oxygen extraction. Myocardial ischaemia was diagnosed by 12-lead ECG and/or anterior wall motion abnormalities by cardiokymography and/or myocardial lactate production. When adjustment of anaesthetic dose was insufficient for haemodynamic control, i.v. phenylephrine and nitroglycerine were administered to treat hypotension and hypertension or cardiac failure respectively. Measurements were performed at four specific intervals; awake, before surgery and 10 and 30 min after abdominal incision. Comparable changes of systemic haemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption were observed in the three groups. Coronary vasodilation was evidenced in isoflurane patients only and was linearly dose-dependent (P < 0.001). Partial Least Squares Projections to Latent Structures modelling with cross validation confirmed this dose-dependency and ruled out a clinically measurable influence by intervention drugs or simultaneous systemic haemodynamic abnormalities. The incidence of myocardial ischaemia during anaesthesia and surgery was comparable in the three groups (35, 37 and 24%, respectively) and there was an association with systemic haemodynamic aberrations in 19 of the 27 ischaemic episodes. In contrast to ischaemic halothane and fentanyl patients, isoflurane patients with ischaemia had significantly lower myocardial oxygen extraction (P = 0.008 and P = 0.001, respectively), indicating that the oxygen extraction reserve was not utilized in a normal way during ischaemia.
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| 2. |
- Häggmark, Sören, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of hemodynamic, electrocardigraphic, mechanical, and metabolic indicators of intraoperative myocardial ischemia in vascular surgical patients with coronary artery disease.
- 1989
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Ingår i: Anesthesiology. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 70:1, s. 19-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To compare mechanical, electrocardiographic, and metabolic indices of myocardial ischemia, the cardiokymogram (CKG), the V5 ECG, left anterior descending coronary artery territory lactate extraction, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were measured in 53 vascular surgical patients with coronary artery disease. Measurements were performed preoperatively and at four specific intraanesthetic intervals: after tracheal intubation, before surgery, and 10 and 30 min after incision. Measurements and sampling sequence took 5-7 min, and therapy for the probable cause of ischemia was instituted following completion of this sequence. Myocardial ischemia was defined as type II or III CKG, 0.1 mV or greater horizontal or downsloping depression of V5 ECG ST segment, 0.2 mV or greater elevation of V5 ECG ST segment, or myocardial lactate production. Thirty-nine patients (74%) had a total of 89 episodes of myocardial ischemia. Seventy-four episodes (83%) were detected by the CKG, 31 (44%) were evident on the ECG, and 13 (15%) by evidence of lactate production. The concordance among the indices of myocardial ischemia was poor. Patients with an abnormal preoperative ECG experienced a greater number of ischemic episodes (P less than 0.001). Elevation of PCWP or the presence of A-C or V-waves greater than 5 mmHg above the mean did not individually reflect ischemia reliably. Intraoperative myocardial ischemia is common in vascular surgical patients and is most sensitively detected by ventricular wall motion abnormality.
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