| 1. |
- Alm, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Short term deprivation of the litter area after transfer to the layer facility - effects on welfare and production in pullets
- 2013
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Ingår i: World's Poultry Science Journal. - 0043-9339. ; , s. 38-38
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In order to enable hens to find feed and water and to reduce the number of floor-laid eggs in floor systems, producers sometimes exclude pullets from the litter area for some time when they are moved into the production system. This could have negative consequences since litter is an important resource for layers and the procedure is not allowed in Sweden. The aim of the present study was to investigate how bird welfare and production are affected by deprivation of access to litter and space at introduction of pullets to the laying facility. The study comprised 600 floor reared Bovans Robust layers obtained at 16 weeks of age (wks) and housed in 6 groups of 100 in a single-tier floor laying system. Three groups had full access to the litter area during the whole study (OPEN) and three groups were excluded from the litter during the first two weeks (CLOSED) and then received full access throughout the rest of the study. The experiment will run a full production cycle (75 wks) and figures presented below show the results obtained until 51 wks as it is still in progress. Feather cover (6-24 points), pecking wounds, cleanliness, foot condition and keel bone deviations (all 1-4 points) were assessed by integument scoring at 40 wks. Fearfulness was assessed by testing novel object (NO) and tonic immobility (TI). Based on group means, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the MIXED procedure of the statistical system (SAS 9.2). The feather cover score was higher in treatment CLOSED (17.9 points) compared to OPEN (12.3 points) (P=0.019). No difference was found between treatments in any of the other integument score parameters. Fearfulness was higher in groups in the OPEN treatment as compared to CLOSED, indicated by less approaches in the NO test (21.5 vs 48.0) (P<0.001) and longer duration of TI (11.3 min vs 6.4 min) (P=0.018). Rate of lay, number of mislaid eggs, proportion of cracked or dirty eggs and mortality were recorded regularly but no significant differences between treatments were shown. Thus, excluding hens from the litter area during the first two weeks in this type of production system did not decrease the number of floor laid eggs, but had a positive impact on feather cover and resulted in less fearful birds. Additional welfare parameters will be analyzed later on which may explain these results further.
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| 2. |
- Alm, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Welfare and performance in layers following temporary exclusion from the litter area on introduction to the layer facility
- 2015
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Ingår i: Poultry Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5791 .- 1525-3171. ; 94, s. 565-573
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When introduced to the laying facility, pullets are sometimes temporarily excluded from the litter area in order to help them locate food and water, and to prevent floor-laid eggs. This procedure is not permitted in Sweden, because it involves denying access to both litter and space, which may have a negative effect on bird welfare. The present study investigated how the welfare and performance of layers were affected by this temporary exclusion on introduction of hens to the laying facility. The study included 600 floor-reared Dekalb White layers obtained at 16wk age and housed in 6 groups of 100 in a conventional single-tier floor-laying system. Birds were either given full access to the litter area during the whole study or were excluded from the litter area during the first 2 wk after transfer to the laying facility. From 18 to 72 wk age, birds in both treatments had full access to the litter area. Excluding birds from the litter area for 2wk resulted in better feather cover and reduced fearfulness, according to novel object and tonic immobility tests. Furthermore, birds initially excluded from the litter area produced eggs with a lower proportion of shell irregularities than birds with full access to the litter area throughout. No difference was found in corticosterone metabolites in droppings rate of lay, mortality, or proportion of floor-laid eggs. In conclusion, none of the parameters studied indicated that the welfare of laying hens was compromised by temporary exclusion from the litter area on introduction to the laying facility. In fact, some of the data suggested that bird welfare had improved.
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| 3. |
- Alm, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Welfare indicators in laying hens in relation to nest exclusion
- 2016
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Ingår i: Poultry Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0032-5791 .- 1525-3171. ; 95, s. 1238-1247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Consumer concerns about the welfare of laying hens are increasing, leading to increased interest in identifying reliable ways to assess welfare. The present study evaluated invasive and non-invasive welfare indicators in relation to a stressful challenge. The study included 126 Lohmann Selected Leghorn hens housed in furnished cages. Welfare indicators were measured between 61 and 70 wk of age in birds excluded from their nests for 5 consecutive d and control birds that had continuous access to nests. Baseline recordings were carried out in both groups prior to and post exclusion period. The assessed indicators were: corticosterone metabolites in droppings (FCM), corticosterone concentration in yolk, corticosterone concentration in plasma, irregularities of eggshells, heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratio, tonic immobility duration, and feather cover. Behavioral observations showed that the birds had a clear preference for using the secluded nest sites, confirming that they were likely to perceive nest exclusion as an undesirable experience. Further, elevated levels of FCM in droppings, yolk corticosterone concentrations, H:L ratios and irregular eggshells were detected in both nest deprived and control birds during the exclusion. This suggests that these indicators were able to detect an increased stress response arising from nest deprivation, and it is hypothesized that the stress spread to birds in adjacent cages with access to nests. There was a positive and consistent correlation between FCM in droppings and eggshell irregularities, also supporting the use of eggshell irregularities as a potential non-invasive welfare indicator. However, the pattern of the stress response varied between indicators and correlations were generally few and inconsistent, highlighting the complexity of the relationship among welfare indicators.
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| 4. |
- Alvariza, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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A person-centred approach in nursing: Validity and reliability of the Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 35, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) was developed for use among family caregivers in palliative care for assessment of their support needs. The purpose of this study was to translate and evaluate the validity and reliability of the CSNAT in a sample of Swedish family caregivers and nurses in a palliative care context. Methods: Data for this validation study was collected during 2016 in the context of palliative home care in two larger Swedish cities. The study was conducted in three stages to reach conceptual, semantic, operational and measurement equivalence between the original UK version and the Swedish version. Stage I consisted of translation to Swedish. In Stage II, cognitive interviews were performed with 8 family caregivers and 10 nurses. Data were analyzed based on relevance, clarity and sensitivity. In Stage III, the CSNAT and related self-rating measures (caregiver burden, preparedness for caregiving and quality of life) were completed by 118 family caregivers. Data quality, construct validity and test-retest reliability were evaluated. Results: The CSNAT items were considered relevant and useful to identify areas of support needs. The Swedish CSNAT showed sound psychometric properties with satisfactory data quality and few problems with missing data across items (1.8%-6.1%). All items except one correlated as expected (rho>0.3) with caregiver burden, supporting construct validity. All items had satisfactory test-retest reliability (κw=0.45-0.75). Conclusions: This study further adds to the validity of the CSNAT and shows in addition that it is reliable and stable for use among family caregivers in palliative care. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
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| 5. |
- Alvariza, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Carer Support Needs and Quality of Life in Palliative Care: A Methodological and Empiri-cal Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: 16th Word Congress of the European Association for Palliative Care (EAPC). Berlin, May 23-25, Abstract P01-148..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: The Carer Support Needs Assessment Tool (CSNAT) was developed to identify support needs of family carers in the context of palliative care which aims to improve quality of life, not just of patients but also their families. Aims: This study aims to 1) evaluate validity and reliability of the CSNAT in a sample of Swedish family carers and nurses in a specialised palliative care context, 2) investigate associations between carer support needs and quality of life. Methods: The study was conducted in four stages I: translation of CSNAT to Swedish; II: cognitive interviews with 8 family carers and 10 nurses; III: completion of the CSNAT, Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, Caregiver Burden Scale, Quality of Life in Life Threatening Illness- Family Carer Version by 118 family carers (spouses/partners: mean age 68 years; 69 women and 45 men). Evaluation of data quality, construct validity and test-retest reliability; IV: Investigation of associations between carer support needs and qual- ity of life using linear regression analyses. Results: CSNAT items were considered relevant and useful to identify support needs and demonstrated sound psychometric properties with satisfactory data quality and few problems with missing data. All items had satisfactory test-retest reliability. Construct validity was supported, as CSNAT items correlated with caregiver burden and preparedness. Associations were found between CSNAT items and seven different domains that represent carer quality of life; carer state, patient wellbe- ing, quality of care, outlook, environment and finances. Having more support needs was associated with poorer quality of life. Conclusion: This study adds to the validity of the CSNAT and shows in addition that it is reliable and stable for use among family carers in pal- liative care. Associations between carer support needs and quality of life suggests that carers’ quality of life may be improved by acknowledging and addressing their needs for support.
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| 6. |
- Alvariza, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Palliativ vård i hemmet
- 2019
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Ingår i: Hemsjukvård. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147112777 ; , s. 83-95
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Alvariza, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Viktigt att stärka närståendes möjligheter att förbereda sig
- 2016
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Swedish Medical Association. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 113:47, s. 1-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- När svårt sjuka patienter vårdas i det egna hemmet har närstående ofta en avgörande roll.De närstående har också, utöver vårdsituationen, att hantera sina egna känslor kring förlust, sorg och död.Närstående är ofta otillräckligt förberedda för sin vårdarroll och har behov av information och stöd.Att vara förberedd har lyfts fram som ett viktigt fenomen för närstående. Det har visat sig relatera till flera positiva faktorer och anses ha en skyddande effekt mot negativa konsekvenser.Med en öppen, ärlig kommunikation och ett riktat stöd ökar närståendes möjligheter att förbereda sig för en vårdande roll samt det faktum att sjukdomen är obotlig och leder till döden.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Sara B. E., et al.
(författare)
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Interlaboratory Validation of Small-Scale Solubility and Dissolution Measurements of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3549 .- 1520-6017. ; 105:9, s. 2864-2872
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate the interlaboratory variability in determination of apparent solubility (Sapp) and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) using a miniaturized dissolution instrument. Three poorly water-soluble compounds were selected as reference compounds and measured at multiple laboratories using the same experimental protocol. Dissolution was studied in fasted-state simulated intestinal fluid and phosphate buffer (pH 6.5). An additional 6 compounds were used for the development of an IDR measurement guide, which was then validated with 5 compounds. The results clearly showed a need for a standardized protocol including both the experimental assay and the data analysis. Standardization at both these levels decreased the interlaboratory variability. The results also illustrated the difficulties in performing disc IDR on poorly water-soluble drugs because the concentrations reached are typically below the limit of detection. The following guidelines were established: for compounds with Sapp > 1 mg/mL, the disc method is recommended. For compounds with Sapp <100 μg/mL, IDR is recommended to be performed using powder dissolution. Compounds in the interval 100 μg/mL to 1 mg/mL can be analyzed with either of these methods.
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| 10. |
- Axelsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Intensity of Predeath Grief and Postdeath Grief of Family Caregivers in Palliative Care in Relation to Preparedness for Caregiving, Caregiver Burden, and Social Support
- 2020
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Ingår i: Palliative Medicine Reports. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 2689-2820. ; 1:1, s. 191-200
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The intensity of predeath grief is associated with postdeath grief in family caregivers of patients in palliative care. Different factors during caregiving may influence this association.Objective: To examine (1) the intensity of grief in relation to preparedness for caregiving, caregiver burden, and social support, and (2) if these variables moderate associations between predeath and postdeath grief.Methods: This prospective correlational study used unpaired t-test to compare grief in relation to preparedness for caregiving, caregiver burden, and social support. Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis investigated moderation effects. Family caregivers were recruited from 10 palliative homecare facilities. The Anticipatory Grief Scale, Texas Revised Inventory of Grief, Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, Caregiver Burden Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm, Sweden.Results: In total, 128 family caregivers participated. Those with high caregiver burden scored significantly higher intensity of predeath but not postdeath grief. Caregiver burden and social support moderated the association between intensity of predeath grief and postdeath grief. There was a stronger association between predeath and postdeath grief among caregivers with low caregiver burden or low social support. Preparedness for caregiving had no moderating effect.Discussion: Attention should be directed to caregiver burden and social support during family caregiving, as these variables seem to be significant for the intensity of grief before and after the patient's death. Acknowledging predeath grief during caregiving and recognizing pre- and postdeath grief as parts of the same process are of importance in clinical practice and when designing supportive interventions.
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