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| 2. |
- Morse, Douglas E., et al.
(författare)
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Prosthetic crowns and other clinical risk indicators of caries among old-old Swedish adults : Findings from the KEOHS Project. Kungsholmen Elders Oral Health Study
- 2002
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Ingår i: Gerodontology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0734-0664 .- 1741-2358. ; 19:2, s. 73-79
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The Kungsholmen Elders Oral Health Study (KEOHS) evaluated the oral health status of generally healthy, community-dwelling persons over the age of 80 living in Kungsholmen, Sweden. This paper explored possible clinical risk indicators of coronal and root caries among the KEOHS subjects.Design: In this cross-sectional study, dentate KEOHS subjects received a caries assessment using defined visual, tactile criteria.Setting: Examinations were carried out in two local clinics by standardized examiners.Subjects: One hundred twenty-nine dentate persons were examined.Main Outcome Measures: The examination identified decayed and filled surfaces, prosthetic crowns, and missing teeth.Results: More root than coronal surfaces had untreated decay, and secondary root caries contributed the greatest number of decayed surfaces. Ninety percent of the examined dentate subjects had at least one prosthetic crown. Root surfaces exposed to crown margins were more likely to have caries than root surfaces not so exposed, particularly among women. The presence of untreated coronal caries (yes/no) was positively associated with having untreated root caries and an intermediate number (14–20) of teeth, but inversely associated with having 4+ prosthetic crowns. Active root caries (yes/no) was positively associated with having untreated coronal caries, 14–20 teeth, and 4+ prosthetic crowns. Nearly 20% of ident2ified root lesions were present at or below the gingival margin, and most (88%) were secondary caries associated with crown margins (65%) or other restorations (23%).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that some dental characteristics, including the presence of prosthetic crowns, are risk indicators for the presence of untreated coronal and root caries.
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| 3. |
- Aardal-Eriksson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Salivary cortisol : an alternative to serum cortisol determinations in dynamic function tests
- 1998
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. - 1434-6621 .- 1437-4331. ; 36:4, s. 215-222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Salivary cortisol was measured as an alternative to serum cortisol as a marker for adrenocortical function following insulin tolerance test, corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation and adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation. During insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation adreno-corticotrophic hormone was also measured. The tests were performed on healthy control subjects as well as on patients under investigation for various disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (insulin tolerance test: 3 controls on two occasions and 14 patients; corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation: 4 controls and 18 patients; adreno-corticotrophic hormone stimulation: 6 controls and 10 patients). Five patients underwent both insulin tolerance test and corticotropin-releasing-hormone stimulation. Using criteria for adequate cortisol response in serum, the patients were classified as good or poor responders. In 42 of the 45 tests performed the same conclusion as to cortisol status was drawn when based on serum and salivary cortisol responses. In healthy subjects and good responders the mean cortisol relative increase was greater in saliva than in serum in all three tests (p < 0.05). Characteristic of the results for the insulin tolerance test was a significant initial mean decrease (p < 0.05), not found in serum, and the highest observed salivary cortisol value was delayed for at least 30 minutes compared to that in serum. Plasma adreno-corticotrophic hormone correlated significantly with the cortisol concentrations determined 15 minutes later in serum (r = 0.54–0.64) and in saliva (r = 0.76–0.85). The more pronounced cortisol response in saliva than in serum and its closer correlation with adreno-corticotrophic hormone offer advantages over serum cortisol, suggesting salivary cortisol measurement may be used as an alternative parameter in dynamic endocrine tets.
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| 4. |
- Adawi, Tom, 1970, et al.
(författare)
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Superembeddings, nonlinear supersymmetry and five-branes
- 1997
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Ingår i: Int.J.Mod.Phys.A13:4691-4716,1998.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine general properties of superembeddings, i.e., embeddings of supermanifolds into supermanifolds. The connection between an embedding procedure and the method of non-linearly realised supersymmetry is clarified, and we demonstrate how the latter arises as a special case of the former. As an illustration, the super-5-brane in 7 dimensions, containing a self-dual 3-form world-volume field strength, is formulated in both languages, and provides an example of a model where the embedding condition does not suffice to put the theory on-shell.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Raloxifene does not affect insulin sensitivity or glycemic control in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial.
- 2002
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 87:1, s. 122-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Little is known about the metabolic or cardiovascular effects of selective ER modulators (SERMs), such as raloxifene hydrochloride (RLX), in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, the effect of RLX vs. placebo (PL) on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, as well as effects on a number of hormone, lipid, coagulation, and safety factors were determined in 30 postmenopausal women with type 2 DM in a randomized, double blind, cross-over trial. All participants had a SHBG serum concentration below 60 nmol/liter at baseline and had stable diabetes controlled by either oral hypoglycemic agents or diet for 1 month. In the first treatment period, participants received 12 wk of either PL or RLX, followed by an 8-wk washout before the second treatment period. In the second treatment period, participants were crossed over to the other treatment. Compared with PL, RLX did not significantly affect fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A(1c), lipids, fasting insulin, or insulin sensitivity (as measured by the euglycemic clamp technique). Compared with PL, RLX reduced fibrinogen levels by 0.77 g/liter (P < 0.001), IGF-I by 2.4 nmol/liter (P < 0.001), and free T by 0.73 pmol/liter (P = 0.038) and increased SHBG by 5.5 nmol/liter (P = 0.001) and IGF-binding protein-3 by 0.57 ng/ml (P = 0.007). Our results demonstrate that RLX does not significantly affect glycemic control and has favorable or neutral effects on selected surrogate markers of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus while decreasing hyperandrogenicity in these patients.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Victor, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation of two-phase flow in a heat exchanger distributor application
- 2004
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Ingår i: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Fluids Engineering Division - FED. - 0888-8116. ; 260, s. 609-616
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, compulations of the air/water flow in a distributor were completed with the FLUENT two-phase VOF model and compared to experiments. The parameters of interest concerned the ratio between the deflected mass flow rate of the water phase to the mass flow rate of the water phase at the inlet called the deflection ratio as well as the recreation of the flow pattern of the different two-phase flows which involved slug, slug/annular and annular flows. Due to the time-consuming calculations, only 9 out of 27 experimental tests were simulated. In conclusion, it can be stated that it is possible, given the right conditions, to perform comparatively accurate simulations concerning two-phase flows in pipe applications with the FLUENT two-phase VOF model. Copyright
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| 7. |
- Axelsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Båtbottenfärgers effektivitet och miljörisker
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tennbaserade båtbottenfärger har nyligen förbjudits. För att få en uppfattning om effektivitet och miljörisker med på marknaden förekommande alternativa färger har IVL genomfört en undersökning av dessa färger. Försöksmaterialet innefattade följande färgkategorier: konventionella kopparfärger, kopparpolymerfärger, färger med andra aktiva komponenter, färger utan aktiva komponenter samt tennbaserade färger (numera förbjudna). Färgerna testades med avseende på effektivitet och giftighet. Effektiviteten undersöktes genom att polystyrenplattor målades med respektive färg och placerades på fyra lokaler: insjö, Bottenhavet, Östersjön och västkusten. Påväxten kvantifierades, vilket låg till grund för bedömningen av färgernas effektivitet. Giftigheten undersöktes i laboratorium genom korttidsförsök på bakterier, Nitocra (kräftdjur) och andmat (flytbladsväxt).
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| 8. |
- Axelsson, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Spridningen av organiska tennföreningar i Stockholms skärgård och Mälaren
- 1989
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Från Kapellskär i norr till Oaxen (Himmerfjärden) i söder (14 provtagningspunkter) insamlades vatten, sediment och musslor under perioden oktober 1987 t o m augusti 1988. Proverna anlyserades vid IVLs analyslaboratorium på förekomst av de organiska tennföreningarna mono-, di- och tributyltenn. Halterna detekterades med atomabsorption och hydridgenereringsteknik. Med hjälp av denna teknik kan halter av organiskt tenn ner till 0.01 µg (=10ng) TBT/l detekteras. Resultaten från TBT-karteringen visade att de högsta halterna förekom i småbåtshamnar. Vid stationen Viggbyholm inre var TBT-koncentrationen i juni-juli 1988 2.5 µg/l vatten. Detekterbara halter av TBT påvisades även i närheten av farleder. Vid statonerna Sandön och Blockhusudden uppmättes halter från 0.03 till 0.06 µg/l under perioden maj-juli 1988. TBT-halterna varierade med säsongen. Under sommarmånaderna ökade koncentrationen kraftigt på flera av stationerna för att sedan avklinga i augusti-september. Dock påvisades detekterbara halter t o m oktober på några stationer. Innehållet av TBT i sediment stämde relativt väl överens med halter i vatten. Även här noterades de högsta halterna i småbåtshamnarna på sommaren. Avklingningen av TBT-halter sker troligen betydligt långsammare i sediment än i vatten. Vid en jämförelse mellan de uppmätta TBT-halterna och halter av TBT som i laboratoriestudier visat sig ge skador på vattenlevande organismer finner man att halterna i Stockholms skärgård och Mälaren på flera ställen är så höga att de utgöra en risk för många organismer. Detta är speciellt påtagligt i anslutning till småbåtshamnar, där de högsta halterna noterades. Vid stationer belägna i närheten av farleder var halterna visserligen lägre, 0.03-0.06 µg/l under sommaren men de var ändå tillräckligt höga för att kunna ge såväl akuta som kroniska skador på flera organismer, framför allt larv- och yngelstadier samt plankton.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Baryawno, Ninib, et al.
(författare)
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Tumor-growth-promoting cyclooxygenase-2 prostaglandin E2 pathway provides medulloblastoma therapeutic targets
- 2008
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Ingår i: Neuro-Oncology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1522-8517 .- 1523-5866. ; 10:5, s. 661-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) has been shown to play important roles in several aspects of tumor development and progression. PGE(2) is synthesized from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases (COX) and prostaglandin E synthases (PGES) and mediates its biological activity through binding to the four prostanoid receptors EP(1) through EP(4). In this study, we show for the first time that medulloblastoma (MB), the most common malignant childhood brain tumor, expresses high levels of COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, and EP(1) through EP(4) and secretes PGE(2). PGE(2) and the EP(2) receptor agonist butaprost stimulated MB cell proliferation. Treatment of MB cells with COX inhibitors suppressed PGE(2) production and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis. Similarly, specific COX-2 silencing by small interfering RNA inhibited MB cell growth. EP(1) and EP(3) receptor antagonists ONO-8713 and ONO-AE3-240, but not the EP(4) antagonists ONO-AE3-208 and AH 23848, inhibited tumor cell proliferation, indicating the significance of EP(1) and EP(3) but not EP(4) for MB growth. Administration of COX inhibitors at clinically achievable nontoxic concentrations significantly inhibited growth of established human MB xenografts. Apoptosis was increased, proliferation was reduced, and angiogenesis was inhibited in MBs treated with COX inhibitors. This study suggests that PGE(2) is important for MB growth and that therapies targeting the prostanoid metabolic pathway are potentially beneficial and should be tested in clinical settings for treatment of children with MB.
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