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- Davies, J. I., et al.
(författare)
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Global surgery, obstetric, and anaesthesia indicator definitions and reporting: An Utstein consensus report
- 2021
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Ingår i: Plos Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 18:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Indicators to evaluate progress towards timely access to safe surgical, anaesthesia, and obstetric (SAO) care were proposed in 2015 by the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery. These aimed to capture access to surgery, surgical workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality rate, and catastrophic and impoverishing financial consequences of surgery. Despite being rapidly taken up by practitioners, data points from which to derive the indicators were not defined, limiting comparability across time or settings. We convened global experts to evaluate and explicitly define-for the first time-the indicators to improve comparability and support achievement of 2030 goals to improve access to safe affordable surgical and anaesthesia care globally. Methods and findings The Utstein process for developing and reporting guidelines through a consensus building process was followed. In-person discussions at a 2-day meeting were followed by an iterative process conducted by email and virtual group meetings until consensus was reached. The meeting was held between June 16 to 18, 2019; discussions continued until August 2020. Participants consisted of experts in surgery, anaesthesia, and obstetric care, data science, and health indicators from high-, middle-, and low-income countries. Considering each of the 6 indicators in turn, we refined overarching descriptions and agreed upon data points needed for construction of each indicator at current time (basic data points), and as each evolves over 2 to 5 (intermediate) and >5 year (full) time frames. We removed one of the original 6 indicators (one of 2 financial risk protection indicators was eliminated) and refined descriptions and defined data points required to construct the 5 remaining indicators: geospatial access, workforce, surgical volume, perioperative mortality, and catastrophic expenditure. A strength of the process was the number of people from global institutes and multilateral agencies involved in the collection and reporting of global health metrics; a limitation was the limited number of participants from low- or middle-income countries-who only made up 21% of the total attendees. Conclusions To track global progress towards timely access to quality SAO care, these indicators-at the basic level-should be implemented universally as soon as possible. Intermediate and full indicator sets should be achieved by all countries over time. Meanwhile, these evolutions can assist in the short term in developing national surgical plans and collecting more detailed data for research studies.
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- Miller, J.F., et al.
(författare)
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Proposed stratotype for the base of the highest Cambrian stage at the first appearance datum of Cordylodus andresi, Lawson Cove section, Utah, USA
- 2006
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Ingår i: Palaeoworld. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-174X .- 1875-5887. ; :15, s. 384-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a candidate for the Global Standard Stratotype-section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the highest stage of the Furongian Series of the Cambrian System. The section is at Lawson Cove in the Ibex area of Millard County, Utah, USA. The marker horizon is the first appearance datum (FAD) of the conodont Cordylodus andresi Viira et Sergeyeva in Kaljo et al. [Kaljo, D., Borovko, N., Heinsalu, H., Khazanovich, K., Mens, K., Popov, L., Sergeyeva, S., Sobolevskaya, R., Viira, V., 1986. The Cambrian-Ordovician boundary in the Baltic-Ladoga clint area (North Estonia and Leningrad Region, USSR). Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised. Geologia 35, 97-108]. At this section and elsewhere this horizon also is the FAD of the trilobite Eurekia apopsis (Winston et Nicholls, 1967). This conodont characterizes the base of the Cordylodus proavus Zone, which has been recognized in many parts of the world. This trilobite characterizes the base of the Eurekia apopsis Zone, which has been recognized in many parts of North America. The proposed boundary is 46.7 m above the base of the Lava Dam Member of the Notch Peak Formation at the Lawson Cove section. Brachiopods, sequence stratigraphy, and carbon-isotope geochemistry are other tools that characterize this horizon and allow it to be recognized in other areas. ?? 2006 Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, CAS.
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- Streng, Michael, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Columnar shell structures in early linguloid brachiopods : new data from the Middle Cambrian of Sweden
- 2008
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Ingår i: Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. - 1755-6910. ; 98:Part 3-4, s. 221-232
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The records of columnar shell structures of linguloid brachiopods (Class Lingulata, Order Lingulida, Superfamily Linguloidea) are reviewed in the light of the discovery of two new taxa from the Middle Cambrian Forsemölla Limestone Bed of southern Sweden. The linguloid taxa, described here as Eoobolus? sp. aff. E. priscus (Poulsen) and Canalilatus? simplex sp. nov., are both characterised by a columnar shell structure, a structural type that is representative for acrotretoid brachiopods and that has previously only rarely been reported from the linguloids. Though the two taxa are superficially similar to known genera, i.e., Eoobolus and Canalilatus, their shell structure challenges such affiliations, as the shell structure of the type species of these genera is previously unknown. Linguloid families whose morphological characteristics agree the most with those of the new taxa, i.e., the Zhanatellidae and the Eoobolidae, and from which columnar shell structures have been reported, i.e., the Lingulellotretidae and the Kyrshabaktellidae, are reviewed briefly. Many taxa assigned to these families completely lack shell structure data and are in need of restudy in order to elucidate their systematic position. Knowledge of the representative type of shell structure of the various suprageneric taxa within the Linguloidea is considered crucial, in order to unravel their currently poorly resolved phylogenetic relationships.
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| 5. |
- Tolmacheva, T., et al.
(författare)
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The Hunneberg Stage (Ordovician) in the area east of S. Petersburg, north-western Russia
- 2001
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Ingår i: Paläontologische Zeitschrift. ; 74:4, s. 543-561
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The bio- and lithostratigraphy of the poorly knownearly Ordovician (Arenig) Hunneberg Stage is described fromthe area east of St. Petersburg (Putilovo Quarry and Lava river),where the Lakity Beds (Leetse Fm.) consist of glauconiticsands and silty clays. The described fauna includes graptolites,conodonts, brachiopods, acritarchs, foraminifers, and severalproblematic groups. The Lakity Beds are unique within thelower Ordovician sequence of the East Baltic in the abundanceof graptolites, co-occurring with conodonts. The conodontsfrom the lower part of the Lakity Beds belong to the uppermostsubzone (Oelandodus elongatus - Acodus deltatus deltatus) ofthe Paroistodus proteus Zone, coinciding with the lower partof the Tetragraptus phyllograptoides Zone. This suggests thatthere is a hiatus between the Lakity Beds and the underlyingNazya Formation. The lower Lakity Beds also contain thebrachiopods Leptembolon lingulaeformis and Eosiphonotretacf. acrotretomorpha, which suggest that they may be correlatedwith the Joa Member of the Leetse Formation in NorthEstonia. In the upper part of the Lakity Beds, conodonts of thePrioniodus elegans Zone co-occur with graptolites indicatingthe upper subzone of the Tetragraptus phyllograptoides Zonein the Scandinavian sections. There are still problems of definingand correlating the base of the Billingen Regional Stage,which are outside the scope of this paper.
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| 7. |
- Wang, Haizhou, et al.
(författare)
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Peduncular attached secondary tiering acrotretoid brachiopods from the Chengjiang fauna : Implications for the ecological expansion of brachiopods during the Cambrian explosion
- 2012
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Ingår i: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0031-0182 .- 1872-616X. ; 323-325, s. 60-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brachiopods are usually thought to contribute little to the tiering complexity from the Paleozoic to the Recent, mainly due to the fact that their recent representatives live primarily in lower tiers directly above or below the water-sediment interface. Here we present the first and oldest record of varied levels of secondary tiering in minute brachiopods attached by exceptionally preserved thread-like pedicles around the branched fronds of the algae-like Malongitubus kuangshanensis Hu, 2005. The specimens illustrated herein were recovered from the Chengjiang fauna (Series 2, Stage 3) in the Lower Cambrian Heilinpu Formation at the Kuangshan section in Malong County, Yunnan Province, southern China. The micro-morphology and oval outline of the attached brachiopods demonstrate that they can be assigned to acrotretoid brachiopods (Linguliformea, Lingulata, Acrotretoidea), described here as Kuangshanotreta malungensis gen. et sp. nov. This is the first report on the occurrence of acrotretoid brachiopods in the Lower Cambrian muddy deposits from southern China. The posterior margins of the Kuangshanotreta shells are invariably either in direct contact with, or directed towards, and then in situ attached to the algal frond of M. kuangshanensis, indicating a secondary tiering in the ecological structure of Early Cambrian brachiopods. The acrotretoid Kuangshanotreta/algae malongitubus association represents both the first and oldest evidence into the enigmatic paleoecology of the diverse acrotretoid linguliformean stock that comprises an important component of the Cambrian evolutionary fauna, and sheds light on medium-high levels of secondary tiering (+5 to +10 cm) Cambrian soft substrate suspension-feeding communities. When compared to other Chengjiang brachiopods, the miniature morphology and concomitant weight reduction of the shell of K. malungensis may be a good adaption to a suspended epifaunal tiering life style. We infer that the diversification of micromorphic and miniaturized acrotretoids that occurred from the Middle Cambrian to Early Ordovician may be the result of the increased availability of habitable surfaces provided by high levels of tiering in new types of ecological spaces.
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| 9. |
- Álvaro, J. Javier, et al.
(författare)
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Submarine metalliferous carbonate mounds in the Cambrian of the Baltoscandian Basin induced by vent networks and water column stratification
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two massive precipitation events of polymetallic ore deposits, encrusted by a mixture of authigenic carbonates, are documented from the Cambrian of the semi-enclosed Baltoscandian Basin. δ34S (‒9.33 to ‒2.08‰) and δ33S (‒4.75 to ‒1.06‰) values from the basal sulphide breccias, sourced from contemporaneous Pb–Zn–Fe-bearing vein stockworks, reflect sulphide derived from both microbial and abiotic sulphate reduction. Submarine metalliferous deposits were triggered by non-buoyant hydrothermal plumes: plumes of buoyant fluid were trapped by water column stratification because their buoyancy with respect to the environment reversed, fluids became heavier than their surroundings and gravitational forces brought them to a halt, spreading out laterally from originating vents and resulting in the lateral dispersion of effluents and sulphide particle settling. Subsequently, polymetallic exhalites were sealed by carbonate crusts displaying three generations of ikaite-to-aragonite palisade crystals, now recrystallized to calcite and subsidiary vaterite. Th of fluid inclusions in early calcite crystals, ranging from 65 to 78 ºC, provide minimum entrapment temperatures for carbonate precipitation and early recrystallization. δ13Ccarb (‒1.1 to + 1.6‰) and δ18Ocarb (‒7.6 to ‒6.5‰) values are higher than those preserved in contemporaneous glendonite concretions (‒8.5 to ‒4.7‰ and ‒12.4 to ‒9.1‰, respectively) embedded in kerogenous shales, the latter related to thermal degradation of organic matter. Hydrothermal discharges graded from highly reduced, acidic, metalliferous, and hot (~ 150 ºC) to slightly alkaline, calcium-rich and warm (< 100 ºC), controlling the precipitation of authigenic carbonates.
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| 10. |
- Andersson, Ki, 1975-
(författare)
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Aspects of locomotor evolution in the Carnivora (Mammalia)
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, the shape of the distal humerus trochlea is analysed using landmark-based morphometrics and multivariate methods, with the aim of exploring locomotor evolution in carnivorans. Elbow joint morphology is used together with body size and craniodental morphology to characterize past and present carnivorans. Evolutionary implications are studied at the ordinal, familial, and species levels, testing specific hypotheses about scaling, morphological constraints, evolutionary trajectories, and potential for social pack-hunting behaviour. The circumference of the distal humerus trochlea is found to be highly correlated with body mass, and appears to scale similarly throughout the order Carnivora. A general predictive model for carnivoran bodymass is presented (a=0.601; b= 2.552; r2=0.952, SEE=0.136, p<0001, n=92), which removes the need for the investigator to actively choose between the diverging estimates that different predictors and their equations often produce. At the elbow joint, manual manipulation and locomotion appear to be conflicting functions, thus suggesting mutually exclusive lifestyles involving either forelimb grappling or pursuit. At large body sizes, carnivorans are distributed over a strongly dichotomised pattern (grappling or locomotion), a pattern coinciding with the postulated threshold in predator-prey size ratio at 21.5-25 kg. This pattern is compared to that of two carnivoran faunas from the Tertiary. In the Oligocene (33.7-23.8 Myr BP), the overall pattern is remarkably similar to that observed for extant Carnivora. In the Miocene (23.8-11.2 Myr BP) carnivores show a similarly dichotomised pattern as the Oligocene and Recent, although the whole pattern is shifted towards larger body sizes. This difference is suggested to be a reflection of the extraordinary species richness of browsing ungulates in the early Miocene of North America. Such an increase in prey spectrum would create a unique situation, in which large carnivores need not commit to a cursorial habitus in order to fill their nutritional requirements. Finally, the elbow joints and craniodental morphology (14 measurements) of fossil canids were examined with the aim of assessing the potential for pack-hunting in fossil canids. It is clear that small and large members of the Recent Caninae share similar craniodental morphologies. However, this pattern is not present in Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. In the latter, large representatives are characterized by being short-faced, with reduced anterior premolars and enlarged posterior premolars, thus approaching a “pantherine-like” craniodental configuration. These traits are interpreted as an adaptation for killing prey with canine bites. It is similarly determined that, unlike recent Caninae, all analyzed species of borophagines and hesperocyonines have retained the ability to supinate their forearms. It is therefore likely that manual manipulation was part of their hunting behaviour, thus removing an essential part of the argument for social pack-hunting in these forms, as the benefits of such a strategy become less obvious.
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