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- Henning, Dag, 1962-, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and optimisation of electricity, steam and district heating production for a local Swedish utility
- 2006
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Ingår i: European Journal of Operational Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0377-2217 .- 1872-6860. ; 175:2, s. 1224-1247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- District heating may help reduce environmental impact and energy costs, but policy instruments and waste management may influence operations. The energy system optimisation model MODEST has been used for 50 towns, regions and a nation. Investments and operation that satisfy energy demand at minimum cost are found through linear programming. This paper describes the application of MODEST to a municipal utility, which uses several fuels and cogeneration plants. The model reflects diurnal and monthly demand fluctuations. Several studies of the Linköping utility are reviewed. These indicate that the marginal heat cost is lower in summer; a new waste or wood fired cogeneration plant is more profitable than a natural-gas-fired combined cycle; material recycling of paper and hard plastics is preferable to waste incineration from an energy-efficiency viewpoint; and considering external costs enhances wood fuel use. Here, an emission limit is used to show how fossil-fuel cogeneration displaces CO2 from coal-condensing plants.
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- Henning, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Modelling the impact of policy instruments on district heating operations : experiences from Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: 10th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, Hanover, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emission allowances aim at reducing carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union. Feed-in tariffs and green certificates increase renewable electricity generation in some countries. Undesired energy carriers, such as fossil fuels, can be taxed to decrease consumption. In Sweden, monetary policy instruments have been used for many years, which has influenced district-heating utilities’ operations and investments. The energy system optimisation model MODEST may help elucidating the impact of policy instruments on choices of fuels and plants. The model can minimise operation and investment costs for satisfying district heating demand, considering revenues from electricity sales and waste reception. It has been used to analyse heat and electricity production for 50 local Swedish utilities. This paper shows how some plants, systems and policy instruments have been modelled and results from some case studies. It may help analysts who face policy instruments, which probably will have a growing influence on district heating operations. Policy instruments should reflect external costs and induce behaviour that is beneficial from an overall viewpoint. Swedish fossil-fuel taxes hampered cogeneration during many years. Earlier, fuel input could be freely allocated to output energy forms and wood was often used for heat production and coal for electricity generation to minimise taxes. Now, lower taxes promote fossil cogeneration but green certificates make it more profitable to invest in renewable electricity generation. Carbon dioxide emission allowances can reduce local emissions due to districtheating and electricity production significantly at current price levels but the impact depends on allowance price. With emission trading, investment in a natural-gas-fired cogeneration plant may be beneficial for some utilities due to high electricity prices in the European electricity market, partly caused by emission allowances. District-heating demand can enable utilisation of resources that otherwise would be of no value. A landfill ban now increases waste incineration, which may reduce industrial waste heat utilisation and heat disposal from cogeneration plants and thereby decrease electricity production. A tax on incinerated waste may reduce the profitability of investing in waste incineration.
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- Holmgren, Dag, et al.
(författare)
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Design i Småland
- 2010
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Ingår i: Gnosjöandan i ny riktning. - Jönköping : EIDI. - 9789197919319 ; , s. 57-80
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Kapitlet behandlar designbegreppet ur flera perspektiv. Inledningsvis diskuteras och betonas betydelsen av att olika aktörer reflekterar över och förhåller sig till design. Industridesign beskrivs därefter som resurs och omistlig process i skapande och uttryck av enskilda produkters identitet. I Småland pågår ett stort antal verksamheter relaterade till design. Flera större insatser sker, som t.ex. projektet ”Designregion Småland”, samarbetet inom ”Möbelriket”, det sedan länge etablerade ”Glasriket” samt nytillskottet Design- och konstcentrum ”Vandalorum”. Samtidigt genomförs ett flertal komplet-terande, men inte mindre viktiga, aktiviteter i syfte att bl.a. öka besöksnäringens koppling till design i Gnosjöregionen och Småland (se de initiativ som tagits i t.ex. Värnamo kommun kring ”Designers Saturday”). Ytterligare ett exempel på en aktivitet som kontinuerligt bidrar till att belysa betydelsen av design, och som samtidigt förankrar begreppet i Småland är de utbildningar som sker, i de flesta fall i nära samverkan med näringslivet. Design har således redan en nära koppling till Småland, dess innevånare och näringsliv, men det är viktigt att utveckla och förvalta ett förhållningssätt till begreppet i området för att vi skall kunna dra nytta av rent ekonomiska, såväl som en rad ”mjuka” fördelar som är förknippade med design.
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