| 1. |
- Andersson, Torbjörn
(författare)
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Aesthetic Flexibility : Modularity of Visual Form in Product Portfolios and Branded Products
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The increase in competition amongst companies that produce complex or large product portfolios has created a need to utilise modularity strategies not only to flexibly manage technical complexity in a costeffective manner but also for visual appearance. This research aims to understand how the visual appearance of products is affected by modular product development strategies. Specifically, the aim is to understand how such strategies induce constraints and generate possibilities for management of visual appearance in the design process.Five studies have been conducted during the course of this licentiate thesis. Two were conducted with professionals and students in design, while the remaining three are theoretical studies based on findings in the literature, theory building, and experimental research. The goal has been to investigate how designers work when they are put to the task of changing and developing the designs of complex products that are part of a portfolio. The challenge has been to study what suitable strategies exist that manage complex products and product brands, then investigate how these influence designers’ practices.The first study examined how coherence towards a product category influences the design of new products. The outcome of the study was a method to explore visual coherence and diversity in the appearance of a product category.The remaining four studies investigated how modularity, brand management and the redesign of product portfolios influence a design process. The second study described a design phenomenon known as aesthetic flexibility, which was further explored in studies three and five. The outcome from these studies was a proposal for four aesthetic flexibility strategies.The fourth study investigated in what way portfolio extension strategies found in brand management and design research are related, and how such strategies influence aesthetic flexibility. The results from study four were illustrated as a model.The main contribution of this work is the phenomenon of ‘aesthetic flexibility’, which helps understand the factors that influence designers when working with branded modular products. Understanding visual flexibility serves as a starting point in further investigations of how different development strategies affect the possibilities for visual product design.The findings of this work serve to illustrate and explain a complex and multi-facetted design phenomenon which many designers manage more or less intuitively today, thus advancing academics’, teachers’ and professional designers’ understanding of the field.
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| 2. |
- Blomkvist, Johan, 1978-
(författare)
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Representing Future Situations of Service : Prototyping in Service Design
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes prototyping in service design through the theoretical lens of situated cognition. The research questions are what a service prototype is, what the benefits of service prototyping are, and how prototypes aid in the process of designing services. Four papers are included. Paper one suggests that service prototyping should be considered from the perspectives of purpose, fidelity, audience, position in the process, technique, representation, validity and author. The second paper compares research about how humans use external representations to think, with reasons for using prototypes in service design and service design techniques. The third paper compares two versions of a service prototyping technique called service walkthrough; showing that walkthroughs with pauses provided both more comments in total and more detailed feedback. The fourth paper also contributes to our understanding of how prototypes aid in designing services, by connecting the surrogate situation with the future situation of service. The paper shows how the formative service evaluation technique (F-SET) uses the theory of planned behaviour to add knowledge to service prototype evaluations about the intention to use a service in the future. Taken together the research provides a deeper understanding of what prototypes are, and their roles in service prototyping. This understanding is further deepened by a discussion about service as a design material, suggesting that from a design perspective, a service consists of service concept, process and system. The service prototype acts as a surrogate for the future situation of service. The thesis describes what the benefits of using surrogates are, and shows how prototypes enhance the ability to gain knowledge about future situations. This leads to an understanding of prototyping as a way of thinking in design.
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| 3. |
- Kuštrak Korper, Ana, 1986-
(författare)
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Innovating Innovation : Understanding the Role of Service Design in Service Innovation
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Organizations across industries and sectors are seeking novel ways to innovate that can address the complex environments in which they operate. The complexity is reflected in an increasing focus on service innovation as the main growth trajectory, which entails ongoing infusion of technology into creating service offerings focused on customer experience. This creates specific challenges related to systemic and value-based dimensions of service that require organization-wide efforts in understanding and managing service innovation. Thus, in their bid to address service innovation challenges, organizations have been adopting service design as a new approach to service innovation, hoping to stir creativity by infusing the innovation process with actor-centric, systemic, and value-driven perspectives. Service design has been established in both research and practice as a human-centered, collaborative, and interdisciplinary approach that can facilitate service innovation by combining design knowledge and practices with a service perspective. However, the intersection of service design and service innovation is still in theoretical and conceptual development, making it unclear how service design might facilitate service innovation. To address this challenge, this thesis brings these two multifaceted concepts together. It employs a value-centric perspective on service innovation to articulate how service design addresses different elements of service innovation. The contributions of this thesis are based on conceptual and empirical work. The conceptual work explores the building blocks of service innovation informed by service-dominant logic and explicates meaning as a mechanism of new value creation. The empirical work uses a qualitative approach to investigate how service design facilitates service innovation. First it looks at service design projects and how they lead to service innovation through the development of new value propositions. Second it looks at service design as embedded practices that support organizational capabilities for sustained service innovation. This thesis articulates the role of service design as creative exploration and ongoing transformation and provides a conceptual integration of service and design perspectives to understand new value cocreation. Although service designers and managers are eager to implement service design in their innovation processes, they face challenges related to different, but interrelated aspects of service innovation. This research contributes with comprehensive findings that can support their decisions.
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| 4. |
- Rodrigues, Vanessa, 1987-
(författare)
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Designing for Resilience : Navigating Change in Service Systems
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Services are prone to change in the form of expected and unexpected variations and disruptions, more so given the increasing interconnectedness and complexity of service systems today. These changes require service systems to be resilient and designed to adapt, to ensure that services continue to work smoothly. This thesis problematises the prevailing view and assumptions underpinning the current understanding of resilience in services. Drawing on literature from service management, service design, systems thinking and social-ecological resilience theory, this work investigates how service design can foster resilience in service systems. Supported by empirical input from three research projects in healthcare, the findings show service design can contribute to the adaptability and transformability of service systems through its holistic, human-centred, participatory and experimental approaches. Through the analysis, this research identifies key intervention points for cultivating service systems resilience through service design, including the design of service interactions, processes, enabling structures and multi-level governance. The study makes two important contributions. First, it extends the understanding of service systems resilience as the collective capacity for intentional action in responding to ongoing change, coordinated across scales in order to create value. This is supported by offering alternative assumptions about resilience in service. Second, it positions service design as an enabler of service resilience by explicitly linking design practice(s) to processes that contribute to resilience. By extending the understanding of service systems resilience, this thesis lays the groundwork for future research at the intersection of service design, systemic change and resilience.
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| 5. |
- Sandberg, Fredrik, 1977-
(författare)
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Designing tools forconviviality : A design led exploration of ParticipatoryActivity Mapping
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is a report of research work that contributes to the understandingof so-called convivial tools. It does this by describing how small enterprisesuse Participatory Activity Mapping as an approach to changing, as well ascaring about, people and the things that hold their work situations together.Working on this thesis I observed that small enterprises and their employeesfunction in complex and heterogeneous work environments without havingthe tools or routines to make presentations of how the different aspects oftheir work situation are held together. In this thesis such tools are describedas convivial tools, that is tools that can be used by people to create things,express their own tastes and caring for others. Over 15 different ParticipatoryActivity Mapping events were conducted during the period of research. Thefollowing research questions were put: What are the potentialities of usingParticipatory Activity Mapping as a convivial tool? How does ParticipatoryActivity Mapping aid the processes of designing product propositions? andHow does Participatory Activity Mapping assist small enterprises in creatingconviviality. A methodological and theoretical triangulation was used, togetherwith a practice-based and design-led generative design approach, to advancethe inquiry into the potentialities of using Participatory Activity Mapping as aconvivial tool. The investigation revealed that knowledge is not created from asingle vision: on the contrary it is partial and pluralistic. Participatory ActivityMapping supports a situated approach, where the mapmakers co-create theirown versions of their own situation together with versions and positionsfrom other people and things. In this sense Participatory Activity Mapping isabout helping the mapmakers to co-create topological propositions and seerelations within their own practice in order to craft new relational patterns.In addition, the study presents different mapping situations as examplesand guidance for how the design field can be sensitive to mapping aspectsthat show strategies for othering, making absent actors present and tellableotherness. The conclusion of this thesis is that future design researchers andfuture design practitioners should consider shifting their focus from creatingproduct propositions to creating convivial tools that support people in theirefforts to enrich their environment with the fruits of their own vision. Thiscould help design practitioners to involve the space in-between and changecurrent design tools, such as service blueprints, into something that is muchmore heterogeneous, decentralized, messy and involving.
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| 6. |
- Lambe, Fiona, 1979-
(författare)
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Devising Capabilities : Service Design for Development Interventions
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Despite the progress in recent decades, one in ten people globally still live in extreme poverty, and this number is set to increase in the coming years. Designing interventions to improve well-being and livelihoods is challenging because poverty is multidimensional and plays out in complex, adaptive social-ecological systems, where behaviours and practices at the local level can have unintended consequences elsewhere in the system. In such contexts, linear approaches to designing development interventions are insufficient. Service design has emerged as a human-centred, integrative approach to designing services and systems in complex settings, but knowledge gaps remain on how service design can be used to address development challenges in the Global South. Without an understanding of how service design tools and approaches function in these contexts, there is a risk they might inadvertently cause harm to research participants and local communities.This thesis contributes new knowledge about how service design can be used to design development interventions in complex social-ecological contexts The research questions address three areas where service design could play a role: (i) how service design could be used to make sense of local level complexity and package this information for development programmers and policymakers; (ii) how service design could support local agency in the design of development projects; and (iii) how service design could be used to complement conventional methods of development research.The research questions were addressed using three case studies of development interventions. In two of the cases, a clean cookstove intervention in Kenya and an insurance product for small-scale farmers in Uganda, a service design approach was combined with quantitative methods. In the third case study, participatory backcasting was used to inform a long-term plan for energy transition for an off-grid community in Machakos, Kenya. A conceptual framework was first developed to support the use of service design to address development challenges in complex social-ecological systems. Elements of the framework were then applied in two of the case studies: the cookstoves and insurance studies. The thesis uses service design as an approach and practice, and the capabilities approach as the main conceptual and theoretical framing.The findings reveal that in these contexts, service design tools can become devices for understanding how value is assigned over time by users of the designed services. Archetype construction and prototyping became important devices for identifying patterns in heterogeneous needs and behaviours, while conveying key design parameters to policymakers and programmers. The research also shows that prototyping can enhance local agency by allowing research participants to challenge the core assumptions that underpin proposed interventions. The findings also demonstrate that participatory backcasting can be positioned as a device for prototyping future development pathways. It was found to facilitate individual and collective action in the short term. Combining service design devices with quantitative methods allowed triangulation of findings and a more comprehensive understanding of complex contexts.Beyond the empirical findings on design devices, the thesis makes two important conceptual contributions. First, it positions service design as an integrative approach to conducting transdisciplinary development research in complex social-ecological contexts. Second, the thesis bridges service design and the capabilities approach and demonstrates how this can help designers anchor their work in the local context while navigating normative development objectives. The contributions are useful for service design researchers and practitioners interested in how service design can be used alongside other disciplines to support long-term development objectives. For the development community, the contributions demonstrate a radically different approach to designing interventions where complexity, messiness and non-linearity are embraced.
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| 7. |
- Malmberg, Lisa, 1982-
(författare)
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Building Design Capability in the Public Sector : Expanding the Horizons of Development
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Public sector organizations are in need of new approaches to development and innovation. There is a need to develop a capability to better understand priorities, needs and wishes of public sector service users and become more proactive, in order to meet the demands on keeping costs down and quality high.Design is increasingly put forward as a potential answer to this need and there are many initiatives taken across the world to encourage the use of a design approach to development and innovation within public sector. In relation to this trend there is a need to improve the understanding of how public sector organizations develop ability to exploit design; how they develop design capability. This is the focus of this thesis, which through an exploratory study has observed the two initiatives aiming to introduce design and develop design capability within healthcare and social service organizations.One main contribution of this work is an understanding of the design capability concept based on a structured review of the use of the design capability concept in the literature. The concept has previously been used in relation to different aspects of designs in organizations.Another important contribution is the development of an understanding for how design capability is developed based on interpretations founded in the organizational learning perspective of absorptive capacity. The study has identified how different antecedents to development of design capability have influenced this development in the two cases. The findings have identified aspects that both support and impede the development of design capability which are important to acknowledge and address when aiming to develop design capability within a public sector organization.In both cases, the set up of the knowledge transferring efforts focus mainly on developing awareness of design. Similar patterns are seen in other prior and parallel initiatives. The findings however suggest that it is also important to ensure that the organization have access to design competence and that structures like routines, processes and culture support and enable the use of design practice, in order to make design a natural part of the continuous development work.
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| 8. |
- Overkamp, Tim, 1987-
(författare)
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How Service Ideas Are Implemented : Ways of Framing and Addressing Service Transformation
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a field in practice and academia, service design is moving out of its formative phase. In service design research, the realisation of service transformation from idea to service practice and the ways that design(ers) can contribute to this process are topics that are not well understood yet. The work presented in this thesis contributes to improving this understanding.A programmatic design research approach was used to explore service transformation. This resulted in the formulation of two ways of framing and addressing the topic: type 1 service transformation, which frames the realisation of service transformation in terms of assembling a service delivery system, and type 2 service transformation, which views the realisation of service transformation as enabling value co-creating relationships between service actors.Type 1 service transformation builds on the assimilation perspective on service innovation where service transformation is realised by implementing service concepts. Service Design contributes to this by facilitating the development of desirable service experiences. Trained designers can apply implementation strategies and support the handover of service design projects to contribute to the realisation of type 1 service transformation by. Design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) is a generative construct for addressing type 1 service transformation. DFMA is central to the program implementation during design, which was used to explore type 1 service transformation.Type 2 service transformation builds on the synthesis perspective on service innovation, which adopts a service-dominant logic. Service transformation is the shaping of value co-creating relationships between service actors and is realised by enabling service actors to enact roles that make the envisioned value co-creating relationships possible. Designing contributes by helping service developers to improve their understanding of value co-creating relationships and the way that realising service transformation is expected to affect those relations. Trained designers contribute by supporting this inquiry. The concept of roles, including Role Theory vocabulary, is a generative construct for addressing type 2 service transformation and is central to the program enabling enactment, which is suggested for the study of type 2 service transformation.The main contribution of this thesis is the articulation of these two perspectives on service transformation. The articulation of these two framings helps service developers and researchers in their efforts to study and work on the realisation of service transformation.
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| 9. |
- Tysk, Johanna, Professor, et al.
(författare)
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Systemdesign, labbande och relationalitet
- 2022
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Ingår i: Den (ut)forskande staden. - Helsingborg : FoU Helsingborg. - 9789198600919 - 9789198600926 ; , s. 59-82
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Stora delar av offentlig sektors utmaningar har inga enkla lösningar, utan bearbetas bäst genom systemtransformationer. En central aspekt hos system är relationerna mellan de aktörer som ingår i systemet och relationerna mellan dessa aktörer och andra aspekter av systemet. I det här kapitlet närmar vi oss Helsingborgs hypoteslabbande med ett systemperspektiv och med Helsingborg som en systemaktör, och fokuserar just på det relationella i system. Studien kretsar kring invånarlabbet, och för att underlätta arbetet med det relationella används socio-materiella metoder tillsammans med olika aktörer i systemet. Metoderna lyfter fram de erfarenhetsbaserade kunskaperna som finns hos olika aktörer i systemet, och använder sig både av visuella, materiella och förkroppsligade uttrycksmedel. Resultaten i studien pekar på vikten av att en organisation har förmåga att fånga och bearbeta många olika kunskapstyper och -uttryck, inklusive till exempel estetisk kunskap och erfarenhetsbaserad kunskap. I en framåtblick pekar vi på hur ett systemperspektiv med fokus på det relationella kräver att organisationen ser sig själv som en systemaktör istället för leverantör, att relationer ses som en del av en pluralism och att det skapas infrastruktur för de som arbetar med systemtransformation i olika delar av systemet.
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| 10. |
- Ahrenberg, Lars, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Analysing Changes in Official Use of the Design Concept Using SweCLARIN Resources
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the CLARIN Annual meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show how the tools and language resources developed within the SweClarin infrastructure can be used to investigate changes in the use and understanding of the Swedish related words arkitektur, design, form, and formgivning. Specifically, we compare their use in two governmental public reports on design, one from 1999 and the other from 2015. We test the hypothesis that their meaning has developed in a way that blurs distinctions that may be important to stakeholders in the respective fields.
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