| 1. |
- Andersson, Berit, et al.
(author)
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Simulated Fires in Substances of Pesticide Type
- 1999
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to characterise fires in chemical warehouses, 38 medium scale experiments have been conducted. The experiments were performed in a 0.66m3 combustion chamber. On-line measurements were made of combustion gases (CO2, CO, HC and NOx), mass loss, smoke, temperatures, external radiation and phi-values. Intermittently gas and soot samples were collected and analysed for content of organic compounds and amount of soot produced. Main variables during the experiments were external radiation, fire diameter, opening configuration and ventilation condition. The medium scale was chosen in order to give a test method which is more convenient to work with, less expensive than full-scale experiments and still rather well simulates the conditions in a real fire.
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| 2. |
- Frantzich, Håkan, et al.
(author)
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Brand och explosion
- 2003
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In: Risker i tekniska system. - 9144026641 ; , s. 275-299
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Book chapter (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Berit, et al.
(author)
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Combustion of Chemical Substances and the Impact on the Environment of the Fire Products: 1/3 Scale Room Furnace Experiments
- 1994
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This report describes the results obtained from fire tests in a 1/3-scale room. The aim of the study was to investigate how changes in external radiation and oxygen supply affect the production of smoke and toxic gases. The ventilation was varied to simulate under- and well-ventilated fires. The thermal exposure to the materials was varied to simulate fires of different sizes. Fifty-nine tests were performed, with polystyrene, FR polystyrene, polypropylene, nylon and PVC. Measurements were made of the contents of O2, CO2, CO, NOx, and HC in the exhaust gases. The impact of external radiation was mainly to increase the pyrolysis rate, and thus the rate of heat release, and to drive the fire into under-ventilation. The degree of ventilation proved to have the greatest impact on the combustion efficiency. The smoke production was almost constant for polypropylene and nylon. The CO production appeared to be the most complex of the parameters to describe, and the expected increase in CO yield at low yields of CO2 could not be seen. The generation of NOx was low for the two substances without chemically bound nitrogen, but for nylon, the generation was significant. The production of low molecular weight HC was essentially constant for all three materials. Almost all the carbon was recovered in wellventilated fires, but at under-ventilated conditions, only 30% of the carbon from the he1 was detected. The toxic potency of the exhaust gases was estimated using the N-gas model, and proved to be relatively low. Lack of oxygen and the production of carbon oxide had the greatest impact on the toxicity for polystyrene and polypropylene, while NO, represented the main part for nylon. The survival fraction and the decomposition products from the original materials are not considered in the model. It can therefore not be assumed that the model reflects all aspects of the toxicity problem.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Berit, et al.
(author)
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Combustion products generated by hetero-organic fuels on four different fire test scales
- 2005
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In: Fire Safety Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0379-7112. ; 40:5, s. 439-465
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The scaling of results from combustion experiments with four organic substances containing heteroatoms, carried out on four different scales, is discussed. The scales ranged from the micro-scale, using about 2 x 10(-3) kg of the substances, to large scale using about 50 kg of the substances. The content of O-2, CO, CO2, NOx, HCl, HCN and SO2 in the combustion gases were determined with special attention to the survival fractions of the tested substances and the amount of unburned hydrocarbons. The global equivalence ratio (GER) was used to describe the ventilation conditions during the experiments. The conditions were adjusted to range from under- to well-ventilated situations. It was found that the GER is not the only parameter that influences the production of combustion gases. Other parameters such as temperature and residence time also seem to be important in explaining the results. The experiments were performed as a part of the TOXFIRE project within the EC Environment programme.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Andersson, Berit, et al.
(author)
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Naturgas Säkerhetsnivå Riskanalys
- 1994
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Denna rapport har tillkommit på uppdrag av NUTEK och avser att belysa riskerna med distribution och industriell användning av naturgas. Tidigare har en rapport avseende naturgasinstallationer i hemmen utgetts [1,2]. Rapporten inleds med en allmän diskussion om risker. Vidare tas frågan om lagstiftning, tillsyn, kontroll och utbildning för naturgasanvändning i olika lander upp. Dessutom har en retrospektiv sökning efter statistik om naturgasolyckor samt incidenter gjorts. En kort genomgång av hur man beräknar konsekvenser av naturgasutsläpp görs också.
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| 9. |
- Andersson, Petra, et al.
(author)
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An instrument for determining the total water content in air when extinguishing fires
- 1999
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In: Fire and Materials. - 1099-1018. ; 23:4, s. 187-192
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- n instrument suitable for measuring the total water content both as small liquid droplets and as vapour in the air, in water mist total flooding extinguishing tests, is presented. The instrument consists of a heater and a Vaisala humidity meter. The Vaisala humidity meter is capable of measuring relative humidity at temperatures up to 180°C. The instrument has a measuring range of 0-600g/m3, a sample rate of 1 L/min, a time constant of 5-10 s and an accuracy of ±40 g/m3. Accurate results are obtained when used outside the direct spray from a nozzle. If the instrument is placed in the spray the total water content can be either over- or underdetermined, depending on which part of the instrument faces the spray.
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| 10. |
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