| 1. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mätteknik för processindustrin
- 2010
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- En lärobok (främst riktad till yrkeshögskolan) om hur man undviker mätfel, om olika mätprinciper och om hur mätutrustning av olika slag bäst används och monteras. Främst handlar det om temperatur, tryck, flöde och nivå men även annat som finns i en processindustri.
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| 2. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Mätteknik för processindustrin
- 2017. - 5
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur varmt är det i tanken? Vilket tryck ger pumpen? Det är två exempel på frågor som kan besvaras med processmätteknik.Att mäta är att veta, sägs det, men det gäller ocksåatt veta hur bra man mäter! Felaktiga mätresultat skaparproblem, osäkerhet och kan rent av vara farliga.I den här boken får du hjälp att undvika mätfel, du fårlära dig om olika mätprinciper och hur mätare av olika slagbäst används och monteras. Främst handlar det om temperatur,tryck, flöde och nivå men även annat som finns i enprocessindustri. Du får kunskap om kalibrering, spårbarhetoch mätosäkerhet, och samtidigt om saker runt omkringmätinstrumenten, till exempel CE-märkning, elstörningar,explosionsskydd, skrivregler, signalöverföring, standardermed meraInnehållsförteckning: 1: Mätteknik 2: Lästips – Gör så här 3: Mått i historien 4: CE-märkning 5: SI-systemet 6 :Signalöverföring 7: Säkerhet 8: Mätosäkerhet A 9: Fysik och matematik 10: Mättekniska begrepp 11: Temperaturmätning 12: Tryckmätning 13: Flödesmätning 14:Nivåmätning 15: Värmemätning 16: Vakter och larm 17:Serviceinstrument 18:Konduktivitetsmätning 19: pH-mätning 20: Densitetsmätning 21: Vägning 22: Fuktmätning 23: Mätosäkerhet B 24: Kalibrering 25: Pumpar och ventiler 26: Rörledningar 27: Mätosäkerhet C 28: Tabeller 29:Index
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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VVS 2000 Tabeller & Diagram
- 2004
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Ingår i: Handbok i Mätteknik. ; , s. 64-
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
- Del Campo, D., et al.
(författare)
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Calibration of thermocouples from 419,527 °C (freezing point of Zn) up to 1492 °C (melting point of the Pd-C eutectic), by the temperature fixed point and comparison methods
- 2020
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Ingår i: Metrologia. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0026-1394 .- 1681-7575. ; 57:1 A, s. 1-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report present the results of the EURAMET inter-comparison carried out to compare the calibration of thermocouples from 419,527 °C (freezing point of Zn) up to 1492 °C (melting point of the Pd-C eutectic). This inter-comparison is intended to be used to support the calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) of the participants in the calibration of thermocouples. The comparison was organized in three loops with nineteen participating laboratories and it allowed the performance of the measurement either in fixed points and/or by comparison. The method used to analyse the results of the comparison was the generalized weighted mean that takes into account the full covariance matrix that includes correlations between the participants which have similar traceability sources and between measurements performed by the same laboratory (i.e. the pilots that performed measurements at the beginning and at the end of each loop and the measurements performed by the same laboratory in fixed points and by comparison at the same calibration point). Main text To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Holmsten, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Blackbody Sources for Low-Temperature IR Calibration
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Thermophysics. ; 36:12, s. 3310-3319
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Radiation thermometers are traditionally mostly used in high-temperature applications. They are, however, becoming more common in different applications at room temperature or below, in applications such as monitoring frozen food and evaluating heat leakage in buildings. To measure temperature accurately with a pyrometer, calibration is essential. A problem with traditional, commercially available, blackbody sources is that ice is often formed on the surface when measuring temperatures below \(0\,{}^{\circ }\hbox {C}\). This is due to the humidity of the surrounding air and, as ice does not have the same emissivity as the blackbody source, it biases the measurements. An alternative to a traditional blackbody source has been tested by SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden. The objective is to find a cost-efficient method of calibrating pyrometers by comparison at the level of accuracy required for the intended use. A disc-shaped blackbody with a surface pyramid pattern is placed in a climatic chamber with an opening for field of view of the pyrometer. The temperature of the climatic chamber is measured with two platinum resistance thermometers in the air in the vicinity of the disc. As a rule, frost will form only if the deposition surface is colder than the surrounding air, and, as this is not the case when the air of the climatic chamber is cooled, there should be no frost or ice formed on the blackbody surface. To test the disc-shaped blackbody source, a blackbody cavity immersed in a conventional stirred liquid bath was used as a reference blackbody source. Two different pyrometers were calibrated by comparison using the two different blackbody sources, and the results were compared. The results of the measurements show that the disc works as intended and is suitable as a blackbody radiation source.
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| 7. |
- Holmsten, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Development and Evaluation of a Co–C Eutectic-Point Cell for Thermocouple Calibration
- 2015
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Ingår i: International journal of thermophysics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0195-928X .- 1572-9567. ; 36:8, s. 1888-1894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cobalt–carbon (Co–C) eutectic point at 1324∘C has in previous studies proved to be suitable as a reference for thermocouple calibration above 1100∘C. For types S, R, and B, it fills the gap between the copper point and the palladium point, and for Pt/Pd thermocouples, it extends the range from the copper point. This work describes the implementation of the Co–C reference point at the Technical Institute of Sweden (SP). A Co–C cell was developed and manufactured at SP in a collaboration project with the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ). The principle of the cell is a hybrid design with double walls, both for the outer crucible and the inner thermometer well, with graphite foil between the walls. To evaluate the performance of the developed cell (SP cell), a comparison between the SP cell and another cell, manufactured and provided from the National Physics Laboratory (NPL) in England, is performed using Pt/Pd thermocouples as transfer standards. The comparison showed very good agreement, with differences below 40 mK, using the same furnace and two different thermocouples. The expanded uncertainty (k=2) for the comparison was estimated to be 70 mK.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Holmsten, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Long term stability and hysteresis effects in Pt100 sensors used in industry
- 2013
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature (ISSN: 0094-243X). - : AIP. ; , s. 421-426
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Pt100 sensor is under normal conditions a very accurate and stable sensor for temperature measurements. Two important factors that can have influence on the results are its drift during time and the hysteresis effect at temperature changes. Different types of Pt100 sensors will show varying sensitivity for these effects. This study includes a number of partially supported wire type Pt100 sensors mainly used as reference sensors at different industries and laboratories. For most of the sensors, there is a history of calibration data for several years. By using a dry block calibrator, the hysteresis effects of the sensors are measured in the temperature range 0 °C up to 500 °C, depending on the calibration range of the sensor. The suitability of the method is evaluated by measurements of the stability of the dry-block and the repeatability of hysteresis tests. The evaluation shows that it is possible to measure hysteresis effects above a few mK. The tested Pt100 sensors exhibits hysteresis effects of 20 mK peak-to-peak as most, which is in the same magnitude as the uncertainty of the calibration and also more significant than the annual drift. The best sensors showed a hysteresis of just a few mK.
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| 10. |
- Klason, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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A speed of sound based feed water temperature sensor
- 2012
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Ingår i: 9th International Temperature Symposium on Temperature. - : AIP. ; , s. 925-930
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlling thermal power in the feed water line of a power plant presupposes both accurate flow and temperature measurement. In this application the temperature measurement is usually a single Pt-100. This results in a measurement error of several kelvin. In this study we have investigated two different sensors based on the speed of sound (SoS) in the flowing medium for measuring the average temperature across a flow pipe cross-section. This is a task within the on-going European research project called ENG-06. The two SoS-based temperature measuring sensors were investigated under laboratory conditions. Investigations were done using both homogenous and non-homogenous temperature distributions with temperature differences up to 25 K. In addition the influence of pressure (50-200 kPa) and flow rates (0.5-2 m/s) on the SoS devices were also investigated. Our results show that the SoS-based temperature principle is working. Furthermore, depending on the measurement conditions a SoS temperature measurement device significantly can reduce the deviation to the reference sensor compared with a single Pt-100 sensor. Relative reductions in the deviation to the reference of 20-85 % were possible to achieve. This opens for the possibility of increasing the energy efficiency in power plants as aimed for in the ENG-06 project.
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