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- Århammar, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Unveiling the complex electronic structure of amorphous metal oxides
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 108:16, s. 6355-6360
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amorphous materials represent a large and important emerging area of material's science. Amorphous oxides are key technological oxides in applications such as a gate dielectric in Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor devices and in Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon and TANOS (TaN-Al2O3-Si3N4-SiO2-Silicon) flash memories. These technologies are required for the high packing density of today's integrated circuits. Therefore the investigation of defect states in these structures is crucial. In this work we present X-ray synchrotron measurements, with an energy resolution which is about 5-10 times higher than is attainable with standard spectrometers, of amorphous alumina. We demonstrate that our experimental results are in agreement with calculated spectra of amorphous alumina which we have generated by stochastic quenching. This first principles method, which we have recently developed, is found to be superior to molecular dynamics in simulating the rapid gas to solid transition that takes place as this material is deposited for thin film applications. We detect and analyze in detail states in the band gap that originate from oxygen pairs. Similar states were previously found in amorphous alumina by other spectroscopic methods and were assigned to oxygen vacancies claimed to act mutually as electron and hole traps. The oxygen pairs which we probe in this work act as hole traps only and will influence the information retention in electronic devices. In amorphous silica oxygen pairs have already been found, thus they may be a feature which is characteristic also of other amorphous metal oxides.
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- Adrian, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical complications after central venous catheterisation in the ultrasound-guided era : a prospective multicentre cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: British Journal of Anaesthesia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1471-6771 .- 0007-0912. ; 129:6, s. 843-850
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the incidence of mechanical complications after ultrasound-guided central venous catheterisation. We aimed to determine the incidence of mechanical complications in hospitals where real-time ultrasound guidance is clinical practice for central venous access and to identify variables associated with mechanical complications.METHODS: All central venous catheter insertions in patients ≥16 yr at four emergency care hospitals in Sweden from March 2, 2019 to December 31, 2020 were eligible for inclusion. Every insertion was monitored for complete documentation and occurrence of mechanical complications within 24 h after catheterisation. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine associations between predefined variables and mechanical complications.RESULTS: In total, 12 667 catheter insertions in 8586 patients were included. The incidence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of mechanical complications was 7.7% (7.3-8.2%), of which 0.4% (0.3-0.5%) were major complications. The multivariable analyses showed that patient BMI <20 kg m -2 (odds ratio 2.69 [95% CI: 1.17-5.62]), male operator gender (3.33 [1.60-7.38]), limited operator experience (3.11 [1.64-5.77]), and increasing number of skin punctures (2.18 [1.59-2.88]) were associated with major mechanical complication. Subclavian vein catheterisation was associated with pneumothorax (5.91 [2.13-17.26]). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of major mechanical complications is low in hospitals where real-time ultrasound guidance is the standard of care for central venous access. Several variables independently associated with mechanical complications can be used for risk stratification before catheterisation procedures, which might further reduce complication rates.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03782324.
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- Ahlgren, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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De stora restaureringarna : Från Uppsala domkyrka till Skokloster
- 2004
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De stora restaureringarna har varit årets tema. Genom att dokumentera och analysera teori och praktik i några av 1800- och 1900-talets största restaureringar - från genomgripande stilrestaureringar till ett mer återhållsamt och tekniskt skonsamt synsätt. Därmed får vi också ett bättre underlag även för dagens ställningstagande.Föremål för våra studier är Uppsala domkyrka, Gripsholms slott, Vreta klosterkyrka, Gustav 11I:s paviljong i Haga, Kungapalatset i Vadstena och Skoklosters slott. Vi hoppas att denna utställning skall bidra till en kritisk hållning och en ökad kunskap om restaureringskonsten, som kvalificerad yrkesuppgift, tidsspegel för historiesyn och som gestaltningsideal.
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- Araujo, Carlos Moyses, et al.
(författare)
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Disorder-induced Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Glassy Chromites
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 4, s. 4686-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report an unusual robust ferromagnetic order above room temperature upon amorphization of perovskite [YCrO3] in pulsed laser deposited thin films. This is contrary to the usual expected formation of a spin glass magnetic state in the resulting disordered structure. To understand the underlying physics of this phenomenon, we combine advanced spectroscopic techniques and first-principles calculations. We find that the observed order-disorder transformation is accompanied by an insulator-metal transition arising from a wide distribution of Cr-O-Cr bond angles and the consequent metallization through free carriers. Similar results also found in YbCrO3-films suggest that the observed phenomenon is more general and should, in principle, apply to a wider range of oxide systems. The ability to tailor ferromagnetic order above room temperature in oxide materials opens up many possibilities for novel technological applications of this counter intuitive effect.
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- Berglöf, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Ägarmakt och omvandling: Den svenska modellen utmanad
- 2003. - 1
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Med hjälp av röststarka aktier och investmentbolag har svenska kontrollägare kunnat utöva aktivt ägarskap i växande entreprenörsföretag och multinationella jättar. Staten och kapitalet har stöttat varandra i god harmoni i den svenska modellen för ägarstyrning. Men nu är den svenska ägarmodellen utmanad. Globaliserade marknader för riskkapital ser med skepsis på inlåsta ägarstrukturer och efterlyser en aktie- en röst. Ett stagnerande Europa kastar avundsjuka blickar på tillväxtundret i USA med dess dynamiska strukturomvandling i näringslivet. EU-kommissionen tar initiativ till en gemensam europeisk marknad för företagskontroll och kräver genomgripande reformer som inspirerats av anglosaxiska förebilder. Har den svenska modellen kommit till vägs ände? Kommer Europas inlåsta ägarmakt att brytas upp och marknaden för företagskontroll att amerikaniseras? Finns det några alternativ? Vad blir konsekvenserna för tillväxt, sysselsättning och välstånd? SKS Ekonomiråd 2003 består av Erik Berglöf, docent i finansiell ekonomi vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm och chef för SITE - Stockholm Institute for Transition Economics, Bengt Holmström, Professor of Economics vid MIT, Cambridge, Mass, Peter Högfeldt, docent vid Institutionen för finansiell ekonomi, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Eva M Meyersson Milgrom, docent i sociologi vid Stockholms Universitet, samt Hans Tson Söderström, rådets ordförande, adjungerad professor vid Handelshögskolan i Stockholm och forskningsledare vid SNS.
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