| 1. |
- Poli, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Penumbral Rescue by normobaric O?=?O administration in patients with ischemic stroke and target mismatch proFile (PROOF): Study protocol of a phase IIb trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STROKE. - 1747-4930 .- 1747-4949. ; 19:1, s. 120-126
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale: Oxygen is essential for cellular energy metabolism. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to hypoxia. Increasing oxygen supply shortly after stroke onset could preserve the ischemic penumbra until revascularization occurs.Aims: PROOF investigates the use of normobaric oxygen (NBO) therapy within 6 h of symptom onset/notice for brain-protective bridging until endovascular revascularization of acute intracranial anterior-circulation occlusion.Methods and design: Randomized (1:1), standard treatment-controlled, open-label, blinded endpoint, multicenter adaptive phase IIb trial.Study outcomes: Primary outcome is ischemic core growth (mL) from baseline to 24 h (intention-to-treat analysis). Secondary efficacy outcomes include change in NIHSS from baseline to 24 h, mRS at 90 days, cognitive and emotional function, and quality of life. Safety outcomes include mortality, intracranial hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. Exploratory analyses of imaging and blood biomarkers will be conducted.Sample size: Using an adaptive design with interim analysis at 80 patients per arm, up to 456 participants (228 per arm) would be needed for 80% power (one-sided alpha 0.05) to detect a mean reduction of ischemic core growth by 6.68 mL, assuming 21.4 mL standard deviation.Discussion: By enrolling endovascular thrombectomy candidates in an early time window, the trial replicates insights from preclinical studies in which NBO showed beneficial effects, namely early initiation of near 100% inspired oxygen during short temporary ischemia. Primary outcome assessment at 24 h on follow-up imaging reduces variability due to withdrawal of care and early clinical confounders such as delayed extubation and aspiration pneumonia.
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| 2. |
- Beck, Ivo, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics and sources of fluorescent aerosols in the central Arctic Ocean
- 2024
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Ingår i: Elementa. - 2325-1026. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Arctic is sensitive to cloud radiative forcing. Due to the limited number of aerosols present throughout much of the year, cloud formation is susceptible to the presence of cloud condensation nuclei and ice nucleating particles (INPs). Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) contribute to INPs and can impact cloud phase, lifetime, and radiative properties. We present yearlong observations of hyperfluorescent aerosols (HFA), tracers for PBAP, conducted with a Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor, New Electronics Option during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition (October 2019–September 2020) in the central Arctic. We investigate the influence of potential anthropogenic and natural sources on the characteristics of the HFA and relate our measurements to INP observations during MOSAiC. Anthropogenic sources influenced HFA during the Arctic haze period. But surprisingly, we also found sporadic “bursts” of HFA with the characteristics of PBAP during this time, albeit with unclear origin. The characteristics of HFA between May and August 2020 and in October 2019 indicate a strong contribution of PBAP to HFA. Notably from May to August, PBAP coincided with the presence of INPs nucleating at elevated temperatures, that is, >−9°C, suggesting that HFA contributed to the “warm INP” concentration. The air mass residence time and area between May and August and in October were dominated by the open ocean and sea ice, pointing toward PBAP sources from within the Arctic Ocean. As the central Arctic changes drastically due to climate warming with expected implications on aerosol–cloud interactions, we recommend targeted observations of PBAP that reveal their nature (e.g., bacteria, diatoms, fungal spores) in the atmosphere and in relevant surface sources, such as the sea ice, snow on sea ice, melt ponds, leads, and open water, to gain further insights into the relevant source processes and how they might change in the future.
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| 3. |
- Hoppe, Julia A., et al.
(författare)
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Assistive robots in care : Expectations and pereceptions of older people
- 2020
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Ingår i: Aging between Participation and Simulation. - : De Gruyter Open. ; , s. 139-156
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter analyzes older people’s expectations and perceptions about welfare technology and in particular about robots in elderly care. Assistive robots may serve as a means to prolonged autonomy in old age as well as support for nursing staff. Justified by a rapid change in the health care sector, the need to focus on user driven and not technology driven development of assistive robots must be emphasized to ensure an adequate and sustainable orientation process toward assistive robots. This study presents an inventory of the expectations and perceptions of older people regarding assistive robots, by conducting a qualitative approach with focus group discussions. Our findings reveal that seven themes in particular need to be addressed in order to improve older people’s perceptions of robot technology: (1) independence and safety, (2) physical and mental assistance, (3) communication and socialization, (4) relief to nursing staff, (5) individual’s right to decide, (6) data protection, and (7) liability. Additionally, the focus group interviews stress that dissemination of information on how robots can provide assistance may change older people’s attitudes towards technology
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Johansson-Pajala, Rose-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Care Robot Orientation : What, Who and How? Potential Users' Perceptions
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Social Robotics. - : Springer. - 1875-4791 .- 1875-4805. ; 12:5, s. 1103-1117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploring the specific field of care robot orientation generates many questions regarding the meaning, content and how it should be conducted. The issue is important due to the general digitalisation and implementation of welfare technology and care robots. The aim of the study was to explore perceptions of care robot orientation from the potential users' perspective. Data were collected by focus group interviews in Finland, Germany and Sweden. In all three countries, potential user groups were represented: older adults, relatives, professional caregivers and care service managers. A qualitative descriptive method was used for analysing data. The data revealed three aspects of care robot orientation: (1) What care robot orientation is, (2) Who needs it and by Whom it should be given and (3) How it should be performed. The need for care robot orientation is general in society. In the absence of knowledge about care robots, it is nearly impossible to know what to ask for or actually seek information about. Therefore, care robot orientation must be founded on agile implementation planning for care robots, with a firm basis in trustworthy knowledge and information and respecting individuals' wishes. This also gives rise to an ethical challenge when care robots are offered to people having reduced decision-making ability (dementia, cognitive impairment), along with the issue of who then should make the decision. The mapping of the What, Who/Whom and How aspects of care robot orientation offers a foundation for the creation of orientation models, which might facilitate structured and goal-oriented care robot orientation strategies.
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| 7. |
- Larsson, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Optimizing study design in LPS challenge studies for quantifying drug induced inhibition of TNF? response: Did we miss the prime time?
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work we evaluate the study design of LPS challenge experiments used for quantification of drug induced inhibition of TNF alpha response and provide general guidelines of how to improve the study design. Analysis of model simulated data, using a recently published TNF alpha turnover model, as well as the optimal design tool PopED have been used to find the optimal values of three key study design variables - time delay between drug and LPS administration, LPS dose, and sampling time points - that in turn could make the resulting TNF alpha response data more informative. Our findings suggest that the current rule of thumb for choosing the time delay should be reconsidered, and that the placement of the measurements after maximal TNF alpha response are crucial for the quality of the experiment. Furthermore, a literature study summarizing a wide range of published LPS challenge studies is provided, giving a broader perspective of how LPS challenge studies are usually conducted both in a preclinical and clinical setting.
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| 8. |
- Larsson, Julia, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Second-generation TNFα turnover model for improved analysis of test compound interventions in LPS challenge studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-0987 .- 1879-0720. ; 165
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a non-linear mixed effects model describing tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) release after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) provocations in absence or presence of anti-inflammatory test compounds. Inter-occasion variability and the pharmacokinetics of two test compounds have been added to this second-generation model, and the goal is to produce a framework of how to model TNFα response in LPS challenge studies in vivo and demonstrate its general applicability regardless of occasion or type of test compound. Model improvements based on experimental data were successfully implemented and provided a robust model for TNFα response after LPS provocation, as well as reliable estimates of the median pharmacodynamic parameters. The two test compounds, Test Compound A and roflumilast, showed 81.1% and 74.9% partial reduction of TNFα response, respectively, and the potency of Test Compound A was estimated to 0.166 µmol/L. Comparing this study with previously published work reveals that our model leads to biologically reasonable output, handles complex data pooled from different studies, and highlights the importance of accurately distinguishing the stimulatory effect of LPS from the inhibitory effect of the test compound.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Pekkarinen, Satu, et al.
(författare)
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Embedding care robots into society and practice : Socio-technical considerations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Futures. - : Elsevier. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Robots are not yet typical in daily use in elder care services, but recent studies suggest that they will soon be mainstream. In this study, we focus on the future of elder care, affected by the emergence of care robotics. We tackle the socio-technical transition—a multi-level change with a re-configuration of social and technological elements of the system—of elder care. The transition in the elder care system and the conditions of the embedding the robots in welfare services and society in three European countries, Germany, Sweden and Finland, are examined. Our qualitative study focuses on current situation in the use of robots in elder care as well as advancing and hindering elements in embedding robots into society and elder care practices. According to the results, there is a shift towards using robots in care, but remarkable inertia exists in both technological development and socio-institutional adaptation. Advancing and hindering elements in transition are both technical and social – and increasingly interrelated, which needs to be considered in management and policy measures to promote successful future transition pathways. The change of attitudes and embedding robots into society is promoted, for instance, by raising relevant knowledge on robots at different levels.
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