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- Einarsdottir, Sigrun, et al.
(författare)
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Humoral immunity to tetanus, diphtheria and polio in adults after treatment for hematological malignancies
- 2020
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Ingår i: Vaccine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0264-410X .- 1873-2518. ; 38:5, s. 1084-1088
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction After chemotherapy, children with acute lymphocytic leukemia lose immunity and need revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria. However, little is known about immunity in adult patients after treatment for hematological malignancies. In this study, we assessed serology levels against polio, diphtheria and tetanus in adult patients after conventional treatment for leukemia and lymphoma. Patients One hundred and four patients, age 61 (19–86) years, were included at a median of 18 (4–77) months after chemotherapy for acute leukemia (n = 24) or lymphoma (n = 80). Pre-treatment sera were available in 73 cases for a pre-versus post treatment comparison. Healthy, age- and sex matched controls were available for 47 pts. Methods Tetanus antibodies were quantified using ELISA, and antibody levels ≥0.01 IU/mL were considered protective. Diphtheria antibodies were analyzed using neutralization test (n = 60) or by ELISA (n = 44). In both tests values ≥0.01 IU/mL were considered protective. Antibodies against poliovirus serotype 1 and 3 were assessed by a neutralizing test. A microneutralization titer of ≥2 was considered protective. Results Tetanus: There were significantly more non-immune patients after treatment (24%), compared to before (12%), p = 0.02. Post-treatment antibody levels were significantly lower than pre-treatment levels (p = 0.02). Diphtheria: There was a trend, p = 0.06, towards more non-immune patients after treatment (21%) compared to before (27%). Antibody levels post treatment were lower than pre treatment levels (p = 0.03) and lower than controls (p = 0.01). Polio: There was no significant difference in the number of non-immune patients before vs after chemotherapy for either PV1 or PV3. Protective immunity against serotype 1 and 3 was preserved in 90 and 97%, respectively. Conclusions After standard chemotherapy for leukemia and lymphoma a significant proportion of patients had impaired humoral immunity to diphtheria and tetanus. However, polio immunity was well preserved.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Lindh, Magnus, 1960, et al.
(författare)
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Core promoter mutations and genotypes in relation to viral replication and liver damage in East Asian hepatitis B virus carriers.
- 1999
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 179:4, s. 775-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Virus load and liver damage, as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and histology activity index, were related to genotype and core promoter mutations in 43 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers of East Asian origin. T-1762 mutants were more frequent in genotype C strains and were associated with more inflammation (P=.0036) and fibrosis (P=.0088) of the liver but not with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) status or virus load. Conversely, precore mutations were associated with less liver inflammation (P=. 08), which was linked to HBeAg negativity and lower viral replication. Carriers with genotype C were more often HBeAg positive (P=.03) with precore wild type strains and more-severe liver inflammation (P=.009) than were those with genotype B. These findings suggest that pathogenic differences between genotypes may exist and that the T-1762 mutation may be useful as a marker for progressive liver damage but seem to contradict that down-regulation of HBeAg production is the major effect of this mutation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Nenonen, Nancy P, 1943, et al.
(författare)
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Tracing of norovirus outbreak strains in mussels collected near sewage effluents.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Applied and environmental microbiology. - 1098-5336. ; 74:8, s. 2544-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Noroviruses from mussels collected near sewage effluents were compared with local patient outbreak strains. Sequence analyses of RNA polymerase-capsid-poly(A)-3' (3.1-kilobase) regions confirmed the 99.9% similarity between genotype I.1 strains from mussels and patient strains from recreational-bathing outbreaks, indicating the potential usefulness of sentinel norovirus mussel studies in tracing human norovirus contamination of coastal waters.
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| 6. |
- Su, J, et al.
(författare)
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The nontoxic tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycine amide inhibits the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of human virology. - 1090-9508. ; 4:1, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To determine whether short peptides corresponding to the RGPGR motif of the V3 loop of gp 120 have anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) activity. DESIGN/METHODS: Short peptides were tested against the HIV-1 laboratory strains and clinical isolates. RESULTS: The tripeptide glycyl-prolyl-glycine amide (GPG-NH2) inhibited the replication of both laboratory strains and 47 clinical isolates, including 19 strains that were resistant to other drugs or that were from patients with failing therapy. The 50% inhibitory concentrations values were 2.7 to 37 microM. Phenotypic change of two isolates from nonsyncytia-inducing to syncytia-inducing did not change their sensitivity to GPG-NH2. The tripeptide added to the antiviral effect of both zidovudine and ritonavir. CONCLUSIONS: The tripeptide GPG-NH2 is a nontoxic compound that inhibits the replication of HIV-1 by an apparently new mode of action. Glycyl-prolyl-glycine-NH2 might prove useful by itself or as a lead compound for the treatment of drug-resistant HIV-1. Glycyl-prolyl-glycine-NH2 is currently undergoing phase I/II human clinical trials in Sweden.
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| 8. |
- Söderberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of HIV-1 infection in rural, semi-urban and urban villages in southwest Tanzania : estimates from a blood-donor study.
- 1994
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Ingår i: AIDS. - 0269-9370 .- 1473-5571. ; 8:7, s. 971-976
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in different subgroups of blood donors and to identify groups at high risk of acquiring HIV-1.METHODS: Between March 1988 and April 1991 all blood donors at Ilembula Lutheran Hospital, Tanzania were asked about their age, marital status, home village and occupation, and tested for the presence of HIV antibodies using a first generation, whole virus lysate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Some negative (n = 265) and nearly all positive samples (439 out of 485) were subjected to confirmatory testing including recombinant and peptide-based ELISA and Western blot assays.RESULTS: A total of 3474 male and 1287 female blood donors were studied. The overall HIV-1 prevalences for men and women were 6.6 and 7.0%, respectively, with a higher prevalence in urban villages (13.6 and 15.0%, respectively), an intermediate prevalence in semi-urban villages (7.2 and 7.9%, respectively), and a lower prevalence in rural villages (3.7 and 3.0%, respectively). HIV-1 infection occurred mostly in men aged 20-44 and women aged 15-34 years. Urban donors, but not semi-urban and rural donors from the highlands, had a higher HIV-1 prevalence (21.4%) than the corresponding group from the lowlands (10.2%). Apart from area of residence, HIV-1 infection was found to be associated with occupation and marital status. There was an increase in HIV-1 prevalence, although not statistically significant, during the period studied. None of the blood donors were positive for HIV-2.CONCLUSIONS: Male and female donors from urban and semi-urban villages, non-farmers from urban villages, and unmarried donors were identified as high-risk groups, which is consistent with more extensive risk behaviour in urban communities. In addition to using an HIV test with high sensitivity, the importance of pre-donation selection of blood donors is stressed.
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