| 1. |
- Bott, Lukas Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12
- 2023
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Ingår i: NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN ASTROPHYSICS - X, NPA-X 2022. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 279
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We measured the Coulomb dissociation of O-16 into He-4 and C-12 within the FAIR Phase-0 program at GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung Darmstadt, Germany. From this we will extract the photon dissociation cross section O-16(alpha,gamma)C-12, which is the time reversed reaction to C-12(alpha,gamma)O-16. With this indirect method, we aim to improve on the accuracy of the experimental data at lower energies than measured so far. The expected low cross section for the Coulomb dissociation reaction and close magnetic rigidity of beam and fragments demand a high precision measurement. Hence, new detector systems were built and radical changes to the (RB)-B-3 setup were necessary to cope with the high-intensity O-16 beam. All tracking detectors were designed to let the unreacted O-16 ions pass, while detecting the C-12 and He-4.
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| 2. |
- Juhasz, Balazs, et al.
(författare)
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Peripheral quantitative computed tomography in the assessment of bone mineral density in anti-TNF-treated rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2474. ; 22:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are associated with osteoporosis. There have not been many peripheral quantitative computed tomography (QCT) studies in patients receiving biologics. We assessed volumetric and areal bone mineral density (BMD) by forearm QCT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), respectively in addition to laboratory biomarkers in these arthritides. Methods Forty RA and AS patients treated with either etanercept (ETN) or certolizumab pegol (CZP) were undergoing follow-ups for one year. Volumetric and areal BMD, as well as parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin, RANKL, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (VITD), P1NP, CTX, sclerostin (SOST), Dickkopf 1 (DKK-1) and cathepsin K (CATHK) were determined. Results We did not observe any further bone loss during the 12-month treatment period. Volumetric and areal BMD showed significant correlations with each other (p<0.017 after Bonferroni's correction). Trabecular QCT BMD at baseline (p=0.015) and cortical QCT BMD after 12 months (p=0.005) were inversely determined by disease activity at baseline in the full cohort. Trabecular QCT BMD at baseline also correlated with CTX (p=0.011). In RA, CRP negatively (p=0.014), while SOST positively (p=0.013) correlated with different QCT parameters. In AS, RANKL at baseline (p=0.014) and after 12 months (p=0.007) correlated with cortical QCT BMD. In the full cohort, 12-month change in QTRABBMD was related to TNF inhibition together with elevated VITD-0 levels (p=0.031). Treatment and lower CATHK correlated with QCORTBMD changes (p=0.006). In RA, TNF inhibition together with VITD-0 (p<0.01) or CATHK-0 (p=0.002), while in AS, treatment and RANKL-0 (p<0.05) determined one-year changes in QCT BMD. Conclusions BMD as determined by QCT did not change over one year of anti-TNF treatment. Disease activity, CATHK, RANKL and VITD may be associated with the effects of anti-TNF treatment on QCT BMD changes. RA and AS may differ in this respect.
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| 3. |
- Chmielewska, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of prenatal and/or postnatal supplementation with iron, PUFA or folic acid on neurodevelopment : update
- 2019
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 122:s1, s. S10-S15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neurodevelopment has been linked, among other factors, to maternal and early infant diets. The objective of this review, which is part of the NUTRIMENTHE research project 'The effect of diet on the mental performance of children' (www.nutrimenthe.com), was to update current evidence on the effects of nutritional interventions such as iron, folic acid or n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation during pregnancy and/or in early life on the mental performance and psychomotor development of children. In May 2014, we searched MEDLINE and The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for relevant studies published since 2009. The limited updated evidence suggests that iron supplementation of infants may positively influence the psychomotor development of children, although it does not seem to alter their mental development or behaviour. The use of multivitamin-containing folic acid supplements during pregnancy did not benefit the mental performance of the offspring. Evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCT) did not show a clear and consistent benefit of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on childhood cognitive and visual development. Caution is needed when interpreting current evidence, as many of the included trials had methodological limitations such as small sample sizes, high attrition rates, and no intention-to-treat analyses. Taken together, the evidence is still inconclusive. Large, high-quality RCT to assess the effects of supplementation with iron, LCPUFA or folic acid are still needed to further clarify the effects of these, and other nutrients, on neurodevelopment. Recent recommendations from scientific societies are briefly presented.
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| 4. |
- Endrődi, Balázs, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and rewards of the electrosynthesis of macroscopic aligned carbon nanotube array/conducting polymer hybrid assemblies
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Polymer Science Part B. - : Wiley. - 0887-6266 .- 1099-0488. ; 53, s. 1507-1518
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hybrid assemblies based on conducting polymers and carbon nanomaterials with organized nanoscale structure are excellent candidates for various application schemes ranging from thermal management to electrochemical energy conversion and storage. In the case of macroscopic samples, however, precise control of the nanoscale structure has remained a major challenge to be solved for the scientific community. In this study we demonstrate possible routes to homogeneously infiltrate poly(3-hexylthiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and polyaniline into macroscopic arrays of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTAs). Electron microscopic images and Raman spectroscopic analysis (performed along the longitudinal dimension of the hybrid samples) both confirmed that optimization of the electropolymerization circumstances allowed fine tuning of the hybrid structure towards the targeted application. In this vein, three different application avenues were tested. The remarkable anisotropy in both the electrical and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites makes them eminently attractive candidates to be deployed in thermal management. Thermoelectric studies, aimed to understand the effect of organized nanoscale morphology on the important parameters (Seebeck coefficient, electrical-, and thermal conductivity) compared to their non-organized hybrid counterparts. Finally, extraordinary high charge storage capacity values were registered for the MWCNTA/PANI hybrids (500 F g−1 and 1–3 F cm−2).
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| 5. |
- Gulyas, Katalin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of 1-year anti-TNF-α therapies on bone mineral density and bone biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Rheumatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0770-3198 .- 1434-9949. ; 39:1, s. 167-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have been associated with generalized and localized bone loss. We conducted a comprehensive study using imaging (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) and laboratory biomarkers in order to determine bone health and to study the effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics in RA and AS.Patients and methodsThirty-six RA and 17 AS patients undergoing 1-year etanercept (ETN) or certolizumab-pegol (CZP) therapy were studied. Bone density was assessed by DXA at baseline and after 12 months. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3, osteocalcin, procollagen type I N-propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal telopeptide (βCTX), osteoprotegerin, sclerostin (SOST), Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), soluble receptor activator nuclear kappa B ligand (sRANKL), and cathepsin K (cathK) levels were determined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months.ResultsTNF-α inhibition was clinically effective. Anti-TNF-α halted further bone loss over 1 year. In general, anti-TNF therapy significantly increased P1NP, SOST levels, and the P1NP/βCTX ratios, while decreased DKK-1 and CathK production at different time points in most patient subsets. In the full cohort and in RA, baseline and/or 12-month bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites exerted inverse relationships with CRP and βCTX, and positive correlation with SOST. In AS, L2-4 BMD after 1-year biologic therapy inversely correlated with baseline βCTX, while femoral neck BMD rather showed inverse correlations with CRP.ConclusionsAnti-TNF therapy slowed down generalized bone loss, in association with clinical improvements, in both diseases. TNF blockade may enhance bone formation and suppress joint destruction. Anti-TNF therapy may act inversely on DKK-1 and SOST. Independent predictors of BMD were SOST and βCTX in RA, whilst CRP in AS.
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| 6. |
- Gyepesi, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Psychometric Properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test in Hungarian Samples of Adolescents and Young Adults
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Addiction Research. - : S. Karger AG. - 1022-6877 .- 1421-9891. ; 20:3, s. 119-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The aim of our study was to analyze psychometric properties of the Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST). Methods: Our sample comprised Hungarian high school (n = 476; male 56.3%; mean age 19.0 years, SD = 0.65 years) and college students (n = 439; male 65.1%; mean age 23.9 years, SD = 1.56 years) who reported cannabis use in the past year. The sample covered the five biggest universities of Hungary. Besides the CAST, participants responded to the Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Factor structure was analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was made to assess cut-off scores. Data collection took place in 2010. Results: CAST proved to be a reliable (Cronbach's alpha 0.71 and 0.76) one-dimensional measure. Regarding both cannabis dependence and cannabis use disorders, a cut-off of 2 points proved to be ideal in both samples, resulting in optimal specificity, negative predictive values and accuracy, but less than optimal positive predictive values (dependence) and low sensitivity (cannabis use disorder). Discussion and Conclusions: In line with former results, the CAST proved to be an adequate measure for the screening of cannabis-related problems among adolescents and young adults in an Eastern European country where this scale has not been studied before. (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 7. |
- Horvath, Rita, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular basis of infantile reversible cytochrome c oxidase deficiency myopathy.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Brain : a journal of neurology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2156. ; 132:Pt 11, s. 3165-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Childhood-onset mitochondrial encephalomyopathies are usually severe, relentlessly progressive conditions that have a fatal outcome. However, a puzzling infantile disorder, long known as 'benign cytochrome c oxidase deficiency myopathy' is an exception because it shows spontaneous recovery if infants survive the first months of life. Current investigations cannot distinguish those with a good prognosis from those with terminal disease, making it very difficult to decide when to continue intensive supportive care. Here we define the principal molecular basis of the disorder by identifying a maternally inherited, homoplasmic m.14674T>C mt-tRNA(Glu) mutation in 17 patients from 12 families. Our results provide functional evidence for the pathogenicity of the mutation and show that tissue-specific mechanisms downstream of tRNA(Glu) may explain the spontaneous recovery. This study provides the rationale for a simple genetic test to identify infants with mitochondrial myopathy and good prognosis.
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| 8. |
- Jhun, Mina-A, et al.
(författare)
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A multi-ethnic epigenome-wide association study of leukocyte DNA methylation and blood lipids
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we examine the association between DNA methylation in circulating leukocytes and blood lipids in a multi-ethnic sample of 16,265 subjects. We identify 148, 35, and 4 novel associations among Europeans, African Americans, and Hispanics, respectively, and an additional 186 novel associations through a trans-ethnic meta-analysis. We observe a high concordance in the direction of effects across racial/ethnic groups, a high correlation of effect sizes between high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, a modest overlap of associations with epigenome-wide association studies of other cardio-metabolic traits, and a largely non-overlap with lipid loci identified to date through genome-wide association studies. Thirty CpGs reached significance in at least 2 racial/ethnic groups including 7 that showed association with the expression of an annotated gene. CpGs annotated to CPT1A showed evidence of being influenced by triglycerides levels. DNA methylation levels of circulating leukocytes show robust and consistent association with blood lipid levels across multiple racial/ethnic groups. Abnormal blood lipid levels are important risk factors for cardiovascular and other various diseases. Here the authors conduct a large-scale multi-ethnic epigenome-wide association study combined with epigenetic (cis-QTL and eQTM) data, and identify CpG-lipid traits associations that are specific to or common across racial/ethnic groups.
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| 9. |
- Puhar, Andrea, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Anthrax edema toxin modulates PKA- and CREB-dependent signaling in two phases
- 2008
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 3:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Anthrax edema toxin (EdTx) is an adenylate cyclase which operates in the perinuclear region of host cells. However, the action of EdTx is poorly understood, especially at molecular level. The ability of EdTx to modulate cAMP-dependent signaling was studied in Jurkat T cells and was compared with that of other cAMP-rising agents: Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin, cholera toxin and forskolin.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: EdTx caused a prolonged increase of the intracellular cAMP concentration. This led to nuclear translocation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) catalytic subunit, phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and expression of a reporter gene under control of the cAMP response element. Neither p90 ribosomal S6 kinase nor mitogen- and stress-activated kinase, which mediate CREB phosphorylation during T cell activation, were involved. The duration of phospho-CREB binding to chromatin correlated with the spatio-temporal rise of cAMP levels. Strikingly, EdTx pre-treated T cells were unresponsive to other stimuli involving CREB phosphorylation such as addition of forskolin or T cell receptor cross-linking.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We concluded that, in a first intoxication phase, EdTx induces PKA-dependent signaling, which culminates in CREB phosphorylation and activation of gene transcription. Subsequently CREB phosphorylation is impaired and therefore T cells are not able to respond to cues involving CREB. The present data functionally link the perinuclear localization of EdTx to its intoxication mechanism, indicating that this is a specific feature of its intoxication mechanism.
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| 10. |
- Pusztai, Anita, et al.
(författare)
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Associations of vascular and bone status in arthritis patients
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cardiovascular (CV) disease and osteoporosis (OP) have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Bone and vascular biomarkers and parameters along with the effect of 1-year anti-TNF therapy on these markers were assessed in order to determine correlations between vascular pathophysiology and bone metabolism in RA and AS. Thirty-six patients treated with etanercept or certolizumab pegol and 17 AS patients treated with ETN were included in a 12-month follow-up study. Bone and vascular markers were previously assessed by ELISA. Bone density was measured by DXA and quantitative CT (QCT). Flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) were assessed by ultrasound. Multiple correlation analyses indicated associations between bone and vascular markers. Osteoprotegerin, sclerostin and cathepsin K were significantly associated with FMD, IMT and PWV, respectively (p < 0.05). Moreover, total and trabecular BMD determined by QCT inversely correlated with IMT (p < 0.05). On the other hand, among vascular parameters, platelet-derived growth factor BB and IMT correlated with DXA femoral and QCT total BMD, respectively (p < 0.05). In the RM-ANOVA analysis, anti-TNF treatment together with baseline osteocalcin, procollagen 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) or vitamin D3 levels determined one-year changes in IMT (p < 0.05). In the MANOVA analysis, baseline disease activity indices (DAS28, BASDAI), the one-year changes in these indices, as well as CRP exerted effects on multiple correlations between bone and vascular markers (p < 0.05). As the pattern of interactions between bone and vascular biomarkers differed between baseline and after 12 months, anti-TNF therapy influenced these associations. We found a great number of correlations in our RA and AS patients undergoing anti-TNF therapy. Some of the bone markers have been associated with vascular pathophysiology, while some vascular markers correlated with bone status. In arthritis, systemic inflammation and disease activity may drive both vascular and bone disease.
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