| 1. |
- Huang, Ying-Lai, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
A new approach for multiple sampling of cisternal cerebrospinal fluid in rodents with minimal trauma and inflammation.
- 1995
-
Ingår i: Journal of neuroscience methods. - 0165-0270. ; 63:1-2, s. 13-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new approach was developed to minimize inevitable damage to nervous and meningeal tissue due to implantation of a sampling tube allowing multiple withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the cisterna magna in adult rats. A tube was secured on the atlanto-occipital membrane. Thereafter, a hole was cut through the membrane, allowing flow of CSF from the cisterna magna to the tube. CSF could be sampled repeatedly for at least 1 week. There was no blood-brain barrier damage. The pressure in the cisterna magna remained normal as did the estimated rate of CSF formation. Very few blood cells contaminated the CSF. There was very little evidence of inflammation. The nervous tissue was undamaged as shown by exclusion of a dye-protein complex. The CSF concentrations of the cytosolic neuronal protein neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and of the astrocyte protein S-100 were very low. The pattern of amino acids remained within normal limits. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that clot and reactive changes were restricted to the vicinity of the connecting hole. We conclude that our approach to positioning a tube on the atlanto-occipital membrane and then connecting it to the cisterna magna reproducibly and reliably enables 'atraumatic' multiple sampling of CSF.
|
|
| 2. |
- Huang, Ying-Lai, 1962
(författare)
-
Assessment of experimental neurotrauma
- 2000
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Model systems of closed head injury are designed to replicate aspects of traumatic brain injury, ischemia and epilepsy in man. The aim of this thesis was to (1) develop sensitive systems enabling analyses of the biochemical reactions, as reflected by leakage of marker compounds to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and (2) develop and assess a new model for closed head injury and associated dynamic changes in the brain cell. A new approach was developed enabling multiple sampling of cisternal CSF in rats. The approach caused less trauma than previously utilized techniques. The approach was used to evaluate diffuse brain injury, as induced by a short single exposure of rats to intense impulse noise. A transient increase in CSF concentrations of two brain specific cytosolic proteins, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the glial S-100 protein, occurred during the first two hours. A more prominent response was achieved by the exposure to impulse noise, if the brain was injured the day before.A new model was developed for the induction of closed head injury in rabbits by rotational acceleration. Subarachnoid haemorrhages, focal brain tissue bleedings, diffuse axonal injury, reactive astrocytosis and a raised levels of extracellular excitatory amino acids were observed, corresponding to findings in patients with head injury. Rotational acceleration of the head induced also neuronal apoptosis and expression of immediate early gene products in several brain regions. Excitotoxic and ischemic mechanisms appeared to be involved. It is concluded that the approaches developed for assessment of brain injury enablea better characterisation of the type and extent of damage as compared to techniques available until now.
|
|
| 3. |
- Huang, Ying-Lai, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparison among different approaches for sampling cerebrospinal fluid in rats.
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Brain research bulletin. - 0361-9230. ; 41:5, s. 273-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two approaches for time-resolved sampling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in rats were compared regarding performance, reproducibility, and extent of the inevitable trauma caused by the implantation of a sampling tube. Several parameters were checked to evaluate the injury: blood cell contamination of CSF; concentrations in CSF of the cytosolic proteins neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 (chiefly present in astrocytes); blood-brain barrier leakage of a dye-protein complex; viability of nervous tissue cells as assessed by dye exclusion; light and electron microscopy. In one sampling method, a tube was forced epidurally into the cisterna magna via a hole in the calvarium, consistently damaging the meninges and the nervous tissue. When using the alternative sampling method, the tube was instead affixed to the posterior atlanto-occipital membrane and connected with the cisterna magna via a hole in the membrane. Such a procedure caused negligible damage. Both techniques induced an inflammatory response. We advocate the use of the second approach, i.e., to sample CSF via a hole in the atlanto-occipital membrane, as the method of choice due to its high reproducibility. It is fairly rapid, and associated with a negligible injury.
|
|
| 4. |
- Huang, Ying-Lai, 1962, et al.
(författare)
-
Mechanical ventilation promotes lung metastasis in experimental 4T1 breast cancer lung-metastasized models
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Cancer Management and Research. - 1179-1322. ; 10, s. 545-555
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/purpose: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that mechanical ventilation (MV) during cancer surgery induces lung stroma/tissue milieu changes, creating a favorable microenvironment for postoperative lung metastatic tumor establishment. Materials and methods: In Protocol A, female BALB/c mice were divided into an MV group and a control (no MV) group, both of which were anesthetized and subjected to intravenous injection of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled mouse mammary carcinoma cell line (4T1) cells. After 24 h, the lung tissue was removed and the number of GFP-labeled 4T1 cells was calculated. In Protocol B, the clinically relevant mouse model of spontaneous breast cancer lung metastasis was used with surgical resection of the primary tumor to investigate the MV event that dictates postoperative lung metastasis. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated in the mammary fat pad with 4T1 cells. After 14-d growth, mice were anesthetized and divided into an MV group and a control (no MV) group during surgical procedures (mastectomy). Metastatic tumor burden was assessed two weeks after mastectomy by both macroscopic metastatic nodule count, hematoxylin–eosin histology, immunohistochemistry for the macrophage marker (CD68), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). Results: MV was associated with a significant increase in the number of circulating breast tumor cells (GFP-labeled 4T1 cells) remaining in the microvasculature of the lung (P<0.01). Immunohistochemical results showed increased infiltration of CD68-positive macrophages within injured lung parenchyma and metastatic tumor as well as increased expression of EpCAM in metastatic nodules. Postoperative metastases were more prevalent in the mechanically ventilated mice group compared to the non-ventilated group (P<0.05). Conclusion: MV-induced lung metastasis occurs by attracting circulating tumor cells to the site of the lung injury and by accelerating the proliferation of preexisting micro-metastases in the lung. These observations indicate that the metastasis-enhancing effect of MV should be considered in general anesthesia during cancer surgery. © 2018 Huang et al.
|
|
| 5. |
- Säljö, Annette, et al.
(författare)
-
Impulse noise transiently increased the permeability of nerve and glial cell membranes, an effect accentuated by a recent brain injury.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of neurotrauma. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 0897-7151 .- 1557-9042. ; 20:8, s. 787-94
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A single exposure to intense impulse noise may cause diffuse brain injury, revealed by increased expression of immediate early gene products, transiently altered distribution of neurofilaments, accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein, apoptosis, and gliosis. Neither hemorrage nor any gross structural damage are seen. The present study focused on whether impulse noise exposure increased the permeability of nerve and glial cell membranes to proteins. Also, we investigated whether a preceding, minor focal surgical brain lesion accentuated the leakage of cytosolic proteins. Anaesthetized rats were exposed to a single impulse noise at either 199 or 202 dB for 2 milliseconds. Transiently elevated levels of the cellular protein neuron specific enolase (NSE) and the glial cytoplasmic protein S-100 were recorded in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during the first hours after the exposure to 202 dB. A surgical brain injury, induced the day before the exposure to the impulse noise, was associated with significantly increased concentrations of both markers in the CSF. It is concluded that intense impulse noise damages both nerve and glial cells, an effect aggravated by a preexisting surgical lesion. The impulse of the shock wave, i.e. the pressure integrated over time, is likely to be the injurious mechanism. The abnormal membrane permeability and the associated cytoskeletal changes may initiate events, which eventually result in a progressive diffuse brain injury.
|
|
