| 1. |
- Brönnimann, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking Pre-1850 Instrumental Meteorological Records : A Global Inventory
- 2019
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 100:12, s. ES389-ES413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Instrumental meteorological measurements from periods prior to the start of national weather services are designated early instrumental data. They have played an important role in climate research as they allow daily to decadal variability and changes of temperature, pressure, and precipitation, including extremes, to be addressed. Early instrumental data can also help place twenty-first century climatic changes into a historical context such as defining preindustrial climate and its variability. Until recently, the focus was on long, high-quality series, while the large number of shorter series (which together also cover long periods) received little to no attention. The shift in climate and climate impact research from mean climate characteristics toward weather variability and extremes, as well as the success of historical reanalyses that make use of short series, generates a need for locating and exploring further early instrumental measurements. However, information on early instrumental series has never been electronically compiled on a global scale. Here we attempt a worldwide compilation of metadata on early instrumental meteorological records prior to 1850 (1890 for Africa and the Arctic). Our global inventory comprises information on several thousand records, about half of which have not yet been digitized (not even as monthly means), and only approximately 20% of which have made it to global repositories. The inventory will help to prioritize data rescue efforts and can be used to analyze the potential feasibility of historical weather data products. The inventory will be maintained as a living document and is a first, critical, step toward the systematic rescue and reevaluation of these highly valuable early records. Additions to the inventory are welcome.
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| 2. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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Climate and society in European history
- 2021
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Ingår i: Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. - : Wiley. - 1757-7780 .- 1757-7799. ; 12:2
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article evaluates 165 studies from various disciplines, published between 2000 and 2019, which in different ways link past climate variability and change to human history in medieval and early modern Europe (here, c. 700-1815 CE). Within this review, we focus on the identification and interpretation of causal links between changes in climate and in human societies. A revised climate-society impact order model of historical climate-society interactions is presented and applied to structure the findings of the past 20 years' scholarship. Despite considerable progress in research about past climate-society relations, partly expedited by new palaeoclimate data, we identify limitations to knowledge, including geographical biases, a disproportional attention to extremely cold periods, and a focus on crises. Furthermore, recent scholarship shows that the limitations with particular disciplinary approaches can be successfully overcome through interdisciplinary collaborations. We conclude the article by proposing recommendations for future directions of research in the climatic change-human history nexus.
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| 3. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Climatic signatures in early modern European grain harvest yields
- 2023
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Ingår i: Climate of the Past. - 1814-9324 .- 1814-9332. ; 19:12, s. 2463-2491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between climate variability and grain harvest yields has been an important component of food security and economy in European history. Yet, inter-regional comparisons of climate–yield relationships have been hampered by locally varying data types and the use of different statistical methods. Using a coherent statistical framework, considering the effects of diverse serial correlations on statistical significance, we assess the temperature and hydroclimate (precipitation and drought) signatures in grain harvest yields across varying environmental settings of early modern (ca. 1500–1800) Europe. An unprecedentedly large network of yield records from northern (Sweden), central (Switzerland), and southern (Spain) Europe are compared with a diverse set of seasonally and annually resolved palaeoclimate reconstructions. Considering the effects of different crop types and time series frequencies, we find within regions consistent climate–harvest yield associations characterized by a significant summer soil moisture signal in Sweden, winter temperature and precipitation signals in Switzerland, and spring and annual mean temperature signals in Spain. The regional-scale climate–harvest associations are weaker than the recently revealed climate signals in early modern grain prices but similar in strength to modern climate–harvest relationships at comparable spatial scales. This is a noteworthy finding considering the uncertainties inherent in both historical harvest and palaeoclimate data.
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| 4. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Histoire du climat du Royaume de Suède à l’époque modern : [Climate hisotry of the early modern Swedish Realm]
- 2018
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Ingår i: Revue d’Histoire Nordique. - 1778-9605. ; 27, s. 201-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article, we assess the scholarship of climate history in the former Swedish Realm (roughly, present-day Sweden, Finland, and Estonia) during the early modern period. Climate history research has primarily focused on consequences of climate change and variability on human history, but also on producing documentary-based reconstructions of past climate. Recent advances in palaeo-climatology, in particular dendroclimatology, during the past two to three decades, have made it possible to study climate impacts on early modern history. However, while the field of climate history has developed substantially in much of Europe, it remains rather underdeveloped and has drawn limited intetest in the Nordic countries. Apart from some recent studies for Finland, the climate history of the former Swedish Realm falls short of the standards of the field in contemporary European scholarship. Existing scholarship has nevertheless demonstrated the link between cold springs and summers and poor harvests, particuiar in Finland, but few studies have assessed the effects of climate on society outside of periods of severe food shortage or famines. The article concludes with outlines and reflections for future scholarship in climate history of the early modern Swedish Realm.
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| 5. |
- Charpentier Ljungqvist, Fredrik, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Histoire du climat du Royaume de Suède à l’époque modern : Climate history of the early modern Swedish Realm
- 2021
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Ingår i: Revue d´Histoire Nordique. - Toulouse : Les Presses universitaires du Midi. - 1778-9605. ; :27, s. 201-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, we assess the scholarship of climate history in the former Swedish Realm (roughly, present-day Sweden, Finland, and Estonia) during the early modern period. The research has primarily focused on impacts of climate change and variability on human history, but also on producing documentary-based reconstructions of past climate. Recent advances in palaeo-climatology, in particular dendroclimatology, during the past two to three decades has made the study of the impacts of climate in early modern history possible. However, while the field of climate history has developed substantially in much of Europe, it remains rather underdeveloped and has drawn limited interest in the Nordic countries. Besides some recent studies for Finland, the climate history of the former Swedish Realm is not reaching the standards of the field in contemporary European scholarship. Existing scholarship has nevertheless demonstrated the link between cold springs and summers and poor harvests, particular in Finland, but few studies have assessed the effects of climate on society besides for periods of severe food shortage or famines. The article concludes with outlines and reflections for future scholarship in climate history of the early modern Swedish Realm.
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| 6. |
- Huhtamaa, Heli, et al.
(författare)
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Climate in Nordic historical research - a research review and future perspectives
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of History. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 0346-8755 .- 1502-7716. ; 46:5, s. 665-695
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article assesses the development and current state of climate history research conducted in the five Nordic countries and Estonia. The possible societal impacts of past climatic changes already interested a handful of Nordic historians in the early twentieth century, but the lack of data on past climate fluctuations constrained scholarship in this field until recently. The data availability has increased fundamentally over the past decades due to the advances of palaeoclimatology. However, these advances have created new challenges, related to the ability to utilize data from the natural sciences in historical research as well as acquiring a basic knowledge on climatology. In many European countries, climate history has established itself as a strong academic subfield and consequently has created approaches as to how to overcome some main pitfalls, like climate determinism, related to the early works in the field. These epistemological advances are just beginning to gain a foothold in Nordic historical research. Thus, the article concludes with ten recommendations to improve future research in Nordic climate history.
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| 7. |
- Huhtamaa, Heli, et al.
(författare)
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Combining the archives of nature and society : Tree rings and tithes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Past global changes magazine. - : Past Global Changes (PAGES). - 2411-605X .- 2411-9180. ; 28:2, s. 50-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Combining information from proxy materials stored in natural and man-made archives helps to gain a more comprehensive understanding of past climate–society relationships. This is demonstrated here with an example from tree-ring and tithe data from the 16th- to 17th-century Swedish Realm.
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