| 1. |
- Hallgren, C G, et al.
(författare)
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Markers of high fish intake are associated with decreased risk of a first myocardial infarction
- 2001
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 1475-2662. ; 86:3, s. 397-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High intake of fish has been associated with reduced risk of CHD. The high content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fish has been suggested to be a protective factor. In addition, fish is the entirely dominating source of methylmercury for the general population, and the concentration of Hg in erythrocytes (Ery-Hg) is often used as an index of fish consumption. Our aim was to study the relationships between a first-ever myocardial infarction, Ery-Hg, activity of gluthathione peroxidase in erythrocytes (Ery-GSH-Px) and plasma concentration of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (P-PUFA). In a population-based prospective nested case-control study within Northern Sweden seventy-eight cases of a first-ever myocardial infarction were compared with 156 controls with respect to Ery-Hg, P-PUFA and Ery-GSH-Px. Both Ery-Hg and P-PUFA, but not Ery-GSH-Px, were significantly higher in subjects reporting high fish intake (at least one meal per week) than in those with lower intake. This finding suggests that Ery-Hg and P-PUFA reflect previous long-term fish intake. Low risk of myocardial infarction was associated with high Ery-Hg or high P-PUFA. In a multivariate model the risk of myocardial infarction was further reduced in subjects with both high Ery-Hg and high P-PUFA (odds ratio 0.16, 95 % CI 0.04, 0.65). In conclusion, there is a strong inverse association between the risk of a first myocardial infarction and the biomarkers of fish intake, Ery-Hg and P-PUFA, and this association is independent of traditional risk factors.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rosengren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Coronary risk factors, diet and vitamins as possible explanatory factors of the Swedish north-south gradient in coronary disease: a comparison between two MONICA centres.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 246:6, s. 577-86
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether differences in serum lipids, diet, plasma vitamins or other risk factors explain the higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in the northern parts of Sweden, compared to Göteborg on the west coast. DESIGN: A comparison between the two Swedish MONICA populations in northern Sweden (NSW) and in Göteborg (GOT) in 1990. SETTING: Norrbotten and Västerbotten counties in the north of Sweden and the city of Göteborg on the west coast. SUBJECTS: In the north 1583 men and women aged 25-64 years were investigated, and in Göteborg 1574 men and women. Plasma vitamins were examined in a subsample of men aged 40-49 (n = 259). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum lipids, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, smoking habits, physical activity, diet, education, and plasma vitamins. RESULTS: NSW men and women had mean serum total cholesterol of 6.30 (standard deviation 1.23) mmol L-1 and 6.12 (1. 33) mmol L-1, compared to 5.75 (1.14) mmol L-1 and 5.67 (1.24) mmol L-1 in GOT men and women (P = 0.0001). NSW men and women were shorter and had higher body mass index than in Göteborg. Cigarette smoking was slightly more prevalent amongst GOT men and women. Göteborg men and women more often had more than compulsory school education, compared to NSW men and women, whereas there were no differences in physical activity during leisure time. There were no differences in vegetable consumption, whereas fruit was consumed more frequently by NSW women compared to GOT women, with a higher intake of fibre and ascorbate. Consumption of wine and total alcohol consumption were higher in Göteborg, whereas NSW men and women drank significantly more coffee. In the subsample of men (aged 40-49) who had plasma vitamins measured, men in Göteborg had slightly higher mean retinol concentrations (P = 0.005) and lutein and zeaxanthine levels (P = 0.006 and 0.009, respectively) compared to northern men, but there were no differences with respect to alpha- or beta-carotene, ascorbic acid or lipid-adjusted vitamin E. NSW men had slightly higher plasma iron and magnesium concentrations (P = 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The largest and most consistent differences between Göteborg and northern Sweden were found for serum cholesterol, probably reflecting differences in intake of saturated fat. The differences in serum cholesterol may explain a substantial part of the differences in coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality. We found no consistent differences concerning vegetable and fruit consumption. More alcohol was consumed in Göteborg. Differences in education and childhood conditions, as reflected in differences in height, may contribute to the north-south gradient with respect to CHD incidence and mortality.
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| 4. |
- Thøgersen, AM, et al.
(författare)
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High plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator levels in plasma precede a first acute myocardial infarction in both men and women. : Evidence for the fibrinolytic system as an independent primary risk factor
- 1998
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Ingår i: Circulation. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 98:21, s. 2241-2247
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In patients with established ischemic heart disease, prospective cohort studies have indicated that plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), the inhibitor of the fibrinolytic system, may predict cardiovascular events. So far, there have been no primary prospective studies of PAI-1. METHODS AND RESULTS: The aim of the present study was to test whether plasma levels of PAI-1, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and thrombomodulin (TM) could predict the occurrence of a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a population with high prevalence of coronary heart disease by use of a prospective nested case-control design. Mass concentrations of PAI-1 and tPA were significantly higher for the 78 subjects who developed a first AMI compared with the 156 references matched for age, sex, and sampling time; for tPA, this increase was independent of smoking habits, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I. The ratio of quartile 4 to 1 for tPA was 5.9 for a patient to develop a first AMI. The association between tPA and AMI was seen in both men and women. Increased levels of vWF were associated with AMI in a univariate analysis. High levels of TM were associated with AMI in women but not in men. CONCLUSIONS: The plasma levels of PAI-1, tPA, and vWF are associated with subsequent development of a first AMI; for PAI-1 and tPA, this relation was found in both men and women. For tPA but not for PAI-1 and vWF, this association is independent of established risk factors.
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| 5. |
- Thøgersen, AM, et al.
(författare)
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Homozygosity for the C677-->T mutation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and total plasma homocyst(e) ine are not associated with greater than normal risk of a first myocardial infarction in northern Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: Coronary Artery Disease. - 0954-6928 .- 1473-5830. ; 12:2, s. 85-90
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Results of several case-control studies have shown elevated total plasma homocyst(e)ine (TPH) and homozygosity for the point mutation C677-->T in the gene for 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) to be associated with a greater than normal risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease. However, there have been few epidemiologic studies and the interpretation of the results is not clear-cut. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate whether homozygosity for the point mutation C677-->T in the gene for MTHFR, and TPH are risk factors for a first myocardial infarction. DESIGN: A prospective nested case-control study in Northern Sweden. METHODS: Among more than 36000 persons screened, 78 cases satisfied the inclusion criterion of having developed, after sampling, a first myocardial infarction. For each case, two controls matched for sex and age were randomly selected. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant difference among the prevalences of the three possible MTHFR genotypes -/- (no mutation), +/+ (both alleles have the mutation), and +/- among cases and controls in univariate conditional logistic regression analysis. Mean levels of TPH in patients and controls were 12.2+/-4.9 and 12.2+/-3.5 micromol/l (means +/- SD), respectively (NS). CONCLUSIONS: In this study neither homozygosity for the point mutation C677-->T in the gene for MTHFR nor TPH was related to a greater than normal risk of a first myocardial infarction for members of the population of northern Sweden. Further research is needed in order to show whether TPH is an independent risk factor for a first myocardial infarction.
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