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- Hansen, Karen, et al.
(författare)
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Pindara revisited – evolution and generic limits in Helvellaceae : Generic limits in Helvellaceae
- 2019
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Ingår i: Persoonia. - Naturalis Biodiversity Center : Naturalis Biodiversity Center. - 0031-5850 .- 1878-9080. ; 42, s. 186-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Helvellaceae encompasses taxa that produce some of the most elaborate apothecial forms, as well as hypogeous ascomata, in the class Pezizomycetes (Ascomycota). While the circumscription of the Helvellaceae is clarified, evolutionary relationships and generic limits within the family are debatable. A robust phylogeny of the Helvellaceae, using an increased number of molecular characters from the LSU rDNA, RPB2 and EF-1α gene regions (4 299 bp) and a wide representative sampling, is presented here. Helvella s.lat. was shown to be polyphyletic, because Helvella aestivalis formed a distant monophyletic group with hypogeous species of Balsamia and Barssia. All other species of Helvella formed a large group with the enigmatic Pindara (/Helvella) terrestris nested within it. The ear-shaped Wynnella constitutes an independent lineage and is recognised with the earlier name Midotis. The clade of the hypogeous Balsamia and Barssia, and H. aestivalis is coherent in the three-gene phylogeny, and considering the lack of phenotypic characters to distinguish Barssia from Balsamia we combine species of Barssia, along with H. aestivalis, in Balsamia. The closed/tuberiform, sparassoid H. astieri is shown to be a synonym of H. lactea; it is merely an incidental folded form of the saddle-shaped H. lactea. Pindara is a sister group to a restricted Helvella, i.e., excluding the /leucomelaena lineage, on a notably long branch. We recognise Pindara as a separate genus and erect a new genus Dissingia for the /leucomelaena lineage, viz. H. confusa, H. crassitunicata, H. leucomelaena and H. oblongispora. Dissingia is supported by asci that arise from simple septa; all other species of Helvellaceae have asci that arise from croziers, with one exception being the /alpina-corium lineage of Helvella s.str. This suggests ascus development from croziers is the ancestral state for the Helvellaceae and that ascus development from simple septa has evolved at least twice in the family. Our phylogeny does not determine the evolutionary relationships within Helvella s.str., but it is most parsimonious to infer that the ancestor of the helvelloids produced subsessile or shortly stipitate, cup-shaped apothecia. This shape has been maintained in some lineages of Helvella s.str. The type species of Underwoodia, Underwoodia columnaris, is a sister lineage to the rest of the Helvellaceae.
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- Keski-Rahkonen, Pekka, et al.
(författare)
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Fast and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for seven androgenic and progestagenic steroids in human serum.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1220 .- 0960-0760. ; 127:3-5, s. 396-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantitative analysis of seven steroid hormones in 150 μl of human serum was developed and validated. The following compounds were included: 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, pregnenolone, and progesterone. Individual stable isotope-labeled analogues were used as internal standards. Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction, followed by oxime derivatization to improve the ionization efficiency of the analytes. In contrast to the common derivatization-based methods, the reaction was incorporated into the sample preparation process and the only additional step due to the derivatization was a short heating of the autosampler vials before the sample injection. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase column using a methanol-water gradient. For the analyte detection, a triple quadrupole instrument with electrospray ionization was used. Total run time was 7.0 min and the lower limits of quantification were in the range of 0.03-0.34 nM (0.01-0.10 ng/ml), depending on the analyte. The method was validated using human serum samples from both sexes and applied for the serum steroid profiling of endometriosis patients.
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- Kosonen, Timo, et al.
(författare)
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Ordning i Hyaloscyphaceae
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svensk Mykologisk Tidskrift. - 1653-0357. ; 36, s. 9-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 9. |
- Wang, Xianghua, et al.
(författare)
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Multilocus phylogenetic and coalescent-based methods reveal dilemma in generic limits, cryptic species, and a prevalent intercontinental disjunct distribution in Geopyxis (Pyronemataceae s. l., Pezizomycetes) : TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY OF GEOPYXIS
- 2017
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Ingår i: Mycologia. - 0027-5514 .- 1557-2536. ; 108:6, s. 1189-1215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species limits in the small genus Geopyxis are debatable because of problems with interpretingthe few phenotypic features and poor documentationof types. To clarify species boundaries and diversity,we studied the morphology of 74 specimens of Geopyxis from the Northern Hemisphere, including five types,and sequenced four loci for 57 representatives: thenuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), D1-D2 domains ofnuc 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor(tef1 ), and (or) part of the second largest subunit ofthe RNA polymerase II (rpb 2) (5– 7 region). Eight speciesare delimited. Six species are shown to be highlysupported as reciprocally monophyletic: G. aleurioides sp. nov., G. alpina s. l., G. carbonaria , G. delectans , G.korfii , and G. majalis . In addition, coalescent-basedBayesian species delimitation shows G. alpina s. l. constitutesthree cryptic species: G. alpina s. str., G. deceptiva sp. nov., and G. rehmii . ITS-28S sequences of typematerial show that G. vulcanalis and G. foetida are synonymsof G. carbonaria . A lectotype is designated forHumaria delectans and the name is combined in Geopyxis .Morphological characters that can be used to distinguishGeopyxis species are presence/absence of along stipe, spore size and shape, and pigmented resinousexudates in medullary and ectal excipulum. Geopyxiscarbonaria and G. delectans produce apotheciaalmost exclusively on burned ground. Bayesian analysesdetected highly supported conflicts among differentloci regarding generic delimitation and speciesrelationships. Two hypogeous genera, Stephensia andHydnocystis , are confirmed to nest within Geopyxis . Therelationships between species of Geopyxis and Tarzetta ,Stephensia shanorii and Paurocotylis pila , are unresolved.Six out of eight species of Geopyxis recognized in thisstudy have intercontinental disjunct distributions.
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- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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