| 1. |
- del Risco Norrlid, Lilián, et al.
(författare)
-
Capabilities in the Nordic region for assessment of accidental uptake of radioiodine in emergency situations.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The 4th European Regional IRPA Congress.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction The need for quantifying the uptake of radioiodine in thyroids has been repeatedly demonstrated following accidents. The aim of an early stage quick measurement is to identify the people who may have inhaled or ingested I-131 that imply the need for more extensive measurements and subsequent medical assessment. Objectives and methodology This work aims to evaluate the status of thyroid measurements capabilities in the Nordic region. The participating laboratories were offered the possibility of calibrating their systems with known and fully traceable activity of the I-131 simulator mock iodine (Ba133 + Cs137) in neck phantoms of three different sizes, adult, young and child. The laboratories have also received an unknown activity of mock iodine activity in a test neck phantom to measure and an emergency response scenario. The participants are required to report the result quickly, including an analysis regarding the committed organ dose due to the assumed intake and to describe the measurement procedure. Results The present in-vivo thyroid monitoring capabilities in the Nordic region are compiled. Given the variety of instruments calibrated, a guidance for the in-vivo determination of I-131 in thyroids is provided. This guidance is based on the measurement instructions that were circulated with the calibration phantoms and it includes the calibration factors for a list of the most frequent detectors. Among the variety of instruments are gamma cameras at hospitals, gamma spectrometers of different resolutions and handheld instruments of both spectrometric and count/dose rate capability. The detection limits for I131 attainable with the present resources are presented categorized per type of instrument. Also results of the intercomparison of measurements of I-131 activity, the estimated thyroid dose as well as compilation of dose assessment capacities are reported. Conclusions Prompt triage of many people regarding I-131 intake enable both the necessary early stage contamination control and the subsequent estimation of thyroid radiation doses. With proper calibration, many kinds of hand instruments can be used. Gamma cameras available in hospitals can also be an important resource in the context of I-131 measurements.
|
|
| 2. |
- del Risco Norrlid, Lilian, et al.
(författare)
-
Nordic Intercomparison Campaign for Whole Body Counters – Evaluation of the Performance of the Facilities and Inventory of Regional Resources.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 13th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA) in Glasgow, 13-18 May 2012.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results of the regional intercomparison campaign conducted during 2010/2011 are presented and discussed. This activity was promoted in the framework of the Nordic Nuclear Safety Research (NKS) for regional cooperation in nuclear safety, radiation protection and emergency preparedness. The goals were to evaluate the quality status of whole body counting measurements by means of a proficiency test exercise, setting up an on-line library for the management of the use of calibration phantoms in the region and an inventory of the regional resources. The St. Petersburg whole body phantom (also known as IRINA), jointly owned by the Nordic countries, was circulated for the measurements together with two sets of fully traceable radioactive material (Cs137 and K40). This phantom can be built in six sizes and the choice for the phantom size was the adult size with 77,8 kg and 170,5 cm. Twenty one laboratories participated. The phantom circulated first among in-vivo laboratories situated at nuclear facilities, second priority was given to national authorities and laboratories with responsibilities within emergency response and lastly university hospitals or other research laboratories. A web based library for regional phantoms was set up containing the information on every phantom and its ”home” site. The online data updated after the completion of every loan event makes possible for the users to check online regarding availability/waiting time for the phantoms to borrow. The regional inventory of resources for in vivo measurements revealed that the whole body counting assets have been maintained compared to 2004, the last time an inventory of this kind was made. Both the field laboratories as the stationary ones are equipped with sophisticated whole-body counting systems with Ge-, NaI-detectors. The regional competence is good and retains experienced staff but a new generation is coming that needs training and exchange of experiences, which emphazises the importance of keeping the practice of intercomparison exercises.
|
|
| 3. |
- Ekman, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Retention of Pb isotopes in glass surfaces for retrospective assessment of radon exposure
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B. - : Elsevier. - 0168-583X .- 1872-9584. ; 249:1-2, s. 544-547
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years there has been increasing interest in radio-epidemiological techniques to retrospectively measure the radon dose exposure by determining the activity of 210Pb, the longest-lived 222Rn progeny, in glass surface layers. In this study the diffusion of 39 keV 209Pb+ ions implanted into glass using the IGISOL facility has been studied under conditions that mimic the recoil implantation of 210Pb from 222Rn. The resulting depth distributions of 209Pb were then measured after heat treatment in vacuum at different temperatures by a sputter erosion technique. The diffusion coefficient could be described by an Arrhenius equation D = D0exp(−H/kT) where and H = 2.81 ± 0.11 eV. No statistically significant loss of 209Pb from the sample was observed for annealing between 470 and 600 °C.
|
|
| 4. |
- Nyander Poulsen, Asser, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessment of accidental uptake of iodine-131 in emergency situations
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The need for quantifying the uptake of radioiodine (131I) in thyroids in emergency situations has repeatedly been demonstrated. With early stage measurements people who may have inhaled or ingested amounts of 131I can be identified and the need for more extensive measurements and/or subsequent medical assessment can be evaluated. The report presents the outcome from the activity THYROID in which calibrations of thyroid monitoring equipment in the Nordic countries were harmonized. A total of 38 sites in Scandinavia were identified holding equipment usable for screening for thyroid 131I contamination. Different instrument types can be used in an emergency situation as long as they are properly calibrated. The activity enabled to evaluate the regional preparedness regarding thyroid personal monitoring.
|
|
