| 1. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 8:2, s. e1000313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
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| 2. |
- Hammar, Linus, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Cumulative impact assessment for ecosystem-based marine spatial planning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 734
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Claims for ocean space are growing while marine ecosystems suffer from centuries of insufficient care. Human pressures from runoff, atmospheric emissions, marine pollution, fishing, shipping, military operations and other activities wear on habitats and populations. Ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP) has emerged worldwide as a strategic instrument for handling conflicting spatial claims among competing sectors and the environment. The twofold objective of both boosting the blue economy and protecting the environment is challenging in practice and marine planners need decision support. Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) was originally developed to provide an overview of the human imprint on the world's ocean ecosystems. We have now added a scenario component to the CIA model and used it within Swedish ecosystem-based MSP. This has allowed us to project environmental impacts for different planning alternatives throughout the planning process, strengthening the integration of environmental considerations into strategic decision-making. Every MSP decision may entail a local shift of environmental impact, causing positive or negative consequences for ecosystem components. The results from Swedish MSP in the North Sea and Baltic Sea illustrate that MSP certainly has the potential to lower net cumulative environmental impact, both locally and across sea basins, as long as environmental values are rated high and prevailing pressures derive from activities that are part of MSP. By synthesizing innumerous data into comprehensible decision support that informs marine planners of the likely environmental consequences of different options, CIA enables ecosystem-based MSP in practice.
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| 3. |
- Hammar, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Symphony : Integrerat planeringsstöd för statlig havsplanering utifrån en ekosystemansats
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Symphony beräknar den kumulativa, sammanlagda, miljöpåverkan i havet. Beräkningarna baseras på en transparent vetenskaplig metod som framförallt baseras på nationellt täckande kartor över ekologiska värden och belastningar från mänskliga verksamheter.Genom Symphony kan havsplanernas effekt på miljöpåverkan bedömas och resultatet påverkar havsplanernas utformning. Denna rapport är framtagen för havsplaneringens samrådsskede 2018.Mycket nyttigt i bilagornaDu kan tända och släcka lager i den första kartan i bilaga 1 och 2 för att utforska materialet. Då behöver du en pdf-läsare som stödjer den funktionen, till exempel Adobe Reader eller Foxit Reader.Till rapporten hör flera bilagorMetadata visar båda kartorna från de olika påverkanslagerna och beskriver hur de data som påverkanslagerna representerar har tagits fram och skalats.Gröna kartan visar alla ekologiska värden som ligger till grund för kartorna.Känslighetsmatrisen visar hur de ekologiska värdena påverkas av belastningarna.Nuläget utan havsplan (bilagor 4 abc)Nuläget med havsplan, alltså havsplanens påverkan om den hade implementerats direkt (bilagor 5 abc)Utblick på hur miljöpåverkan utvecklats till år 2030 utan havsplan (bilagor 6 abc)
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