| 1. |
- Han, Pengfei, et al.
(författare)
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Short or long runs : An exploratory study of odor-induced fMRI design
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Laryngoscope. - : Wiley. - 0023-852X .- 1531-4995. ; 130:5, s. 1110-1115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique widely used in olfactory research. During a typical fMRI olfactory block-design, one functional "run" refers to a combination of multiple blocks with continuous brain image acquisition. The current study investigated the length of functional runs on odor-induced brain response signals (blood oxygen level dependent [BLOD]) within the primary and key secondary olfactory areas. Methods Twenty-five female adults (age range 19 to 30 years, mean age 25 years) underwent a block-design fMRI measurement with odor stimulation. Twelve participants received the odor stimuli within a short run paradigm (six blocks in each 4-minute run, eight runs in total), and 13 participants received the odor stimulation with a long-run paradigm (12 blocks in each 8-minute run, four runs in total). For each paradigm, two odors (peach and rose) were alternatingly presented between runs. Participants rated odor intensity and pleasantness at the end of each run. Ratings and fMRI data were analyzed for different subsections and compared between groups. Results There was a higher level of brain activation in the insula and orbitofrontal cortex during the short-run paradigm as compared to the long-run paradigm. However, there was no difference for odor intensity or pleasantness ratings. Conclusion The current study suggested the employment of short runs with multiple repetitions for odor stimulation during fMRI research. Level of Evidence 3 Laryngoscope, 2019
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| 2. |
- Landis, Basil N., et al.
(författare)
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Chemosensory interaction : acquired olfactory impairment is associated with decreased taste function
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Neurology. - : Springer. - 0340-5354 .- 1432-1459. ; 257, s. 1303-1308
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olfaction, taste and trigeminal function are three distinct modalities. However, in daily life they are often activated concomitantly. In health and disease, it has been shown that in two of these senses, the trigeminal and olfactory senses, modification of one sense leads to changes in the other sense and vice versa. The objective of the study was to investigate whether and (if so) how, the third modality, taste, is influenced by olfactory impairment. We tested 210 subjects with normal (n = 107) or impaired (n = 103) olfactory function for their taste identification capacities. Validated tests were used for olfactory and gustatory testing (Sniffin’ Sticks, Taste Strips). In an additional experiment, healthy volunteers underwent reversible olfactory cleft obstruction to investigate shorttime changes of gustatory function after olfactory alteration. Mean gustatory identification (taste strip score) for the subjects with impaired olfaction was 19.4 ± 0.6 points and 22.9 ± 0.5 points for those with normal olfactory function (t = 4.6, p\0.001). The frequencies of both, smell and taste impairments interacted significantly (Chi2, F = 16.4, p\0.001), and olfactory and gustatory function correlated (r210 = 0.30, p\0.001). Neither age nor olfactory impairment cause effects interfered with this olfactory–gustatory interaction. In contrast, after shortlasting induced olfactory decrease, gustatory function remained unchanged. The present study suggests that longstanding impaired olfactory function is associated with decreased gustatory function. These findings seem to extend previously described mutual chemosensory interactions also to smell and taste. It further raises the question whether chemical senses in general decrease mutually after acquired damage.
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| 3. |
- Pervjakova, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of gestational diabetes mellitus highlights genetic links with type 2 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 31:19, s. 3377-3391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk of pregnancy complications and adverse perinatal outcomes. GDM often reoccurs and is associated with increased risk of subsequent diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). To improve our understanding of the aetiological factors and molecular processes driving the occurrence of GDM, including the extent to which these overlap with T2D pathophysiology, the GENetics of Diabetes In Pregnancy (GenDIP) Consortium assembled genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of diverse ancestry in a total of 5485 women with GDM and 347 856 without GDM. Through multi-ancestry meta-analysis, we identified five loci with genome-wide significant association (p < 5x10-8) with GDM, mapping to/near MTNR1B (p = 4.3x10-54), TCF7L2 (p = 4.0x10-16), CDKAL1 (p = 1.6 × 10-14), CDKN2A-CDKN2B (p = 4.1x10-9) and HKDC1 (p = 2.9x10-8). Multiple lines of evidence pointed to the shared pathophysiology of GDM and T2D: (i) four of the five GDM loci (not HKDC1) have been previously reported at genome-wide significance for T2D; (ii) significant enrichment for associations with GDM at previously reported T2D loci; (iii) strong genetic correlation between GDM and T2D; and (iv) enrichment of GDM associations mapping to genomic annotations in diabetes-relevant tissues and transcription factor binding sites. Mendelian randomisation analyses demonstrated significant causal association (5% false discovery rate) of higher body mass index on increased GDM risk. Our results provide support for the hypothesis that GDM and T2D are part of the same underlying pathology but that, as exemplified by the HKDC1 locus, there are genetic determinants of GDM that are specific to glucose regulation in pregnancy.
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