| 1. |
- Lehtinen-Jacks, Susanna, et al.
(author)
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Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in middle-aged women in relationship to adiposity and height trajectories over three decades
- 2016
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In: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 70:6, s. 709-14
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The long-term chronology of the association between low serum concentrations of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and weight status is unclear. We examined whether lower 25(OH)D in middle-aged women drives upwards the weight, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) over the next 32 years, and whether higher 25(OH)D might predict less decline in the mid- to late-life height trajectory. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Population Study of Women in Gothenburg started in 1968-1969 (the baseline) in 38-60-year-old women residing in Gothenburg, Sweden. Anthropometric measures were taken at baseline and 4 re-examinations until 2000-2003. Levels of 25(OH)D were analyzed in serum stored since baseline in 1227 (84%) women. Repeated measures analyses were used to model associations between 25(OH)D (dichotomized, cut point 51.45nmol/l) at baseline and anthropometric trajectories, adjusting for fixed and time-dependent covariates. RESULTS: At baseline, mean BMI was 25.2kg/m2 in women with low 25(OH)D and 23.8kg/m2 in the remaining women (P<0.001), but this difference did not increase over 32 years and longitudinal differences were explained by the baseline BMI. Similar results were observed for weight and WHR. In contrast, no association was seen for height at baseline or longitudinally. CONCLUSIONS: No relationship was observed between 25(OH)D height trajectory, but lower 25(OH)D was associated with higher BMI, weight and WHR differences that were maintained over three decades. This provides no evidence for the direction of causality, but for a life-long difference in adiposity-related measures according to the 25D level in middle-aged women.
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| 2. |
- Leu, Monica, 1977, et al.
(author)
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Quality Assessment of 25(OH)D, Insulin, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, and Potassium in 40-Year-Old Frozen Serum
- 2015
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In: Epidemiology Research International. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2980 .- 2090-2972. ; 2015
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Many longitudinal epidemiological studies collect specimens into biobanks to investigate how biomarkers predict future disease. In 1968-1969, the Population Study of Women in Gothenburg (PSWG) established a biobank. Objective: To examine the validity of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and potassium after 40 years of storage at -20⁰C in terms of relative and absolute agreement. The quality of these markers under such condition has not been previously investigated. Methods: Baseline- and re-measured levels were compared in selected samples through percentage change, correlation and regression. 25(OH)D levels, not assessed at baseline, were compared by season, by BMI and longitudinally over six years. Results: Despite some lack of absolute agreement, Spearman correlations were >0.7 and statistically significant for all biomarkers. The 1968-1969 25(OH)D correlated with BMI (r=-0.45, p=0.05) and with levels six years later (r=0.85, p<0.001). Summer 25(OH)D was higher than winter 25(OH)D (p=0.02). Conclusion: For all markers, baseline- and re-measured levels exhibited high relative agreement. 25(OH)D was comparable with expected levels on fresh blood and varied with season. In future studies, PSWG individuals will be ranked according to these markers in order to follow incidence of disease.
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| 3. |
- af Geijerstam, Agnes, et al.
(author)
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Children in the household and risk of severe COVID-19 during the first three waves of the pandemic: a prospective registry-based cohort study of 1.5 million Swedish men
- 2022
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In: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 12:8
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective To investigate whether Swedish men living with children had elevated risk for severe COVID-19 or infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the first three waves of the pandemic. Design Prospective registry-based cohort study. Participants 1 557 061 Swedish men undergoing military conscription between 1968 and 2005 at a mean age of 18.3 (SD 0.73) years. Main outcome measures Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 from March 2020 to September 2021. Results There was a protective association between preschool children at home and hospitalisation due to COVID-19 during the first and third waves compared with only older or no children at all, with ORs (95% CIs) 0.63 (0.46 to 0.88) and 0.75 (0.68 to 0.94) respectively. No association was observed for living with children 6-12 years old, but for 13-17 years old, the risk increased. Age in 2020 did not explain these associations. Further adjustment for socioeconomic and health factors did not attenuate the results. Exposure to preschool children also had a protective association with testing positive with SARS-CoV-2, with or without hospitalisation, OR=0.91 (95% CI 0.89 to 0.93), while living with children of other ages was associated with increased odds of infection. Conclusions Cohabiting with preschool children was associated with reduced risk for severe COVID-19. Living with school-age children between 6 and 12 years had no association with severe COVID-19, but sharing the household with teenagers and young adults was associated with elevated risk. Our results are of special interest since preschools and compulsory schools (age 6-15 years) in Sweden did not close in 2020.
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| 4. |
- Arvidsson, Daniel, 1974, et al.
(author)
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Reexamination of Accelerometer Calibration with Energy Expenditure as Criterion: VO2net Instead of MET for Age-Equivalent Physical Activity Intensity
- 2019
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In: Sensors. - : MDPI AG. - 1424-8220. ; 19:15
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Accelerometer calibration for physical activity (PA) intensity is commonly performed using Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) as criterion. However, MET is not an age-equivalent measure of PA intensity, which limits the use of MET-calibrated accelerometers for age-related PA investigations. We investigated calibration using VO2net (VO2gross - VO2stand; mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) as criterion compared to MET (VO2gross/VO2rest) and the effect on assessment of free-living PA in children, adolescents and adults. Oxygen consumption and hip/thigh accelerometer data were collected during rest, stand and treadmill walk and run. Equivalent speed (Speed(eq)) was used as indicator of the absolute speed (Speed(abs)) performed with the same effort in individuals of different body size/age. The results showed that VO2net was higher in younger age-groups for Speedabs, but was similar in the three age-groups for Speed(eq). MET was lower in younger age-groups for both Speed(abs) and Speed(eq). The same VO2net-values respective MET-values were applied to all age-groups to develop accelerometer PA intensity cut-points. Free-living moderate-and-vigorous PA was 216, 115, 74 and 71 min/d in children, adolescents, younger and older adults with VO2net-calibration, but 140, 83, 74 and 41 min/d with MET-calibration, respectively. In conclusion, VO2net calibration of accelerometers may provide age-equivalent measures of PA intensity/effort for more accurate age-related investigations of PA in epidemiological research.
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| 5. |
- Arvidsson, Louise, et al.
(author)
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Bidirectional associations between psychosocial well-being and adherence to healthy dietary guidelines in European children: prospective findings from the IDEFICS study
- 2017
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In: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 17:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: In children the relationship between a healthy diet and psychosocial well-being has not been fully explored and the existing evidence is inconsistent. This study investigates the chronology of the association between children's adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and their well-being, with special attention to the influence of weight status on the association. Methods: Seven thousand six hundred seventy five children 2 to 9 years old from the eight-country cohort study IDEFICS were investigated. They were first examined between September 2007 and June 2008 and re-examined again 2 years later. Psychosocial well-being was measured using self-esteem and parent relations questions from the KINDL (R) and emotional and peer problems from the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A Healthy Dietary Adherence Score (HDAS) was calculated from a 43-item food frequency questionnaire as a measure of the degree to which children's dietary intake follows nutrition guidelines. The analysis employed multilevel logistic regression (country as random effect) with bidirectional modeling of dichotomous dietary and well-being variables as both exposures and outcomes while controlling for respective baseline values. Results: A higher HDAS at baseline was associated with better self-esteem (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0; 1.4) and fewer emotional and peer problems (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1; 1.3 and OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.2; 1.4) 2 years later. For the reversed direction, better self-esteem was associated with higher HDAS 2 years later (OR 1.1 95% CI 1.0; 1.29). The analysis stratified by weight status revealed that the associations between higher HDAS at baseline and better well-being at follow-up were similar in both normal weight and overweight children. Conclusion: Present findings suggest a bidirectional relation between diet quality and self-esteem. Additionally, higher adherence to healthy dietary guidelines at baseline was associated with fewer emotional and peer problems at follow-up, independent of children's weight status.
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| 6. |
- Bammann, Karin, et al.
(author)
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Early Life Course Risk Factors for Childhood Obesity: The IDEFICS Case-Control Study
- 2014
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In: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 9:2
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The early life course is assumed to be a critical phase for childhood obesity; however the significance of single factors and their interplay is not well studied in childhood populations. Objectives: The investigation of pre-, peri- and postpartum risk factors on the risk of obesity at age 2 to 9. Methods: A case-control study with 1,024 1:1-matched case-control pairs was nested in the baseline survey (09/2007–05/ 2008) of the IDEFICS study, a population-based intervention study on childhood obesity carried out in 8 European countries in pre- and primary school settings. Conditional logistic regression was used for identification of risk factors. Results: For many of the investigated risk factors, we found a raw effect in our study. In multivariate models, we could establish an effect for gestational weight gain (adjusted OR = 1.02; 95%CI 1.00–1.04), smoking during pregnancy (adjusted OR = 1.48; 95%CI 1.08–2.01), Caesarian section (adjusted OR = 1.38; 95%CI 1.10–1.74), and breastfeeding 4 to 11 months (adjusted OR = 0.77; 95%CI 0.62–0.96). Birth weight was related to lean mass rather than to fat mass, the effect of smoking was found only in boys, but not in girls. After additional adjustment for parental BMI and parental educational status, only gestational weight gain remained statistically significant. Both, maternal as well as paternal BMI were the strongest risk factors in our study, and they confounded several of the investigated associations. Conclusions: Key risk factors of childhood obesity in our study are parental BMI and gestational weight gain; consequently prevention approaches should target not only children but also adults. The monitoring of gestational weight seems to be of particular importance for early prevention of childhood obesity.
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| 7. |
- Börnhorst, Claudia, et al.
(author)
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Age-Specific Quantification of Overweight/Obesity Risk Factors From Infancy to Adolescence and Differences by Educational Level of Parents
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Public Health. - 1661-8564. ; 68
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To explore the age-dependent associations between 26 risk factors and BMI in early life, and differences by parental educational level. Methods: Data of 10,310 children (24,155 measurements) aged 2–16years participating in a multi-centre European cohort from 2007 to 2014 were utilized. Trajectories of overweight/obesity risk factors and their age-specific associations with BMI were estimated using polynomial mixed-effects models. Results: Exposure to most unfavourable factors was higher in the low/medium compared to the high education group, e.g., for PC/TV time (12.6 vs. 10.6h/week). Trajectories of various risk factors markedly changed at an age of 9–11years. Having a family history of obesity, maternal BMI, pregnancy weight gain and birth weight were positively associated with BMI trajectories throughout childhood/adolescence in both education groups; associations of behavioural factors with BMI were small. Parental unemployment and migrant background were positively associated with BMI in the low/medium education group. Conclusion: Associations of risk factors with BMI trajectories did not essentially differ by parental education except for social vulnerabilities. The age period of 9–11years may be a sensitive period for adopting unfavourable behaviours.
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| 8. |
- Cheng, L., et al.
(author)
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Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and bone stiffness in European children and adolescents
- 2021
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In: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-941X .- 1433-2965. ; 32, s. 853-863
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Summary: In this large perspective cohort among European children and adolescents, we observed that daytime napping was positively associated with bone stiffness, while short or long sleep duration combined with poor sleep quality was associated with less bone stiffness. Our findings are important for obtaining optimal bone stiffness in childhood. Introduction: To examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep duration, sleep quality, and bone stiffness index (SI) in European children and adolescents. Methods: Four thousand eight hundred seventy-one children aged 2–11 years from the IDEFICS study and 861 children aged 6–15 years from the subsequent I.Family study were included. Sleep duration (i.e., nocturnal sleep and daytime napping) and sleep quality (i.e., irregularly bedtime routine, have difficulty falling asleep and trouble getting up in the morning) were reported by self-administrated questionnaires. Nocturnal sleep duration was converted into age-specific z-scores, and total sleep duration was classified into short, adequate, and long based on the National Sleep Recommendation. Calcaneal SI of both feet were measured using quantitative ultrasound. Linear mixed-effects models with country as a random effect were used, with adjustments for sex, age, pubertal status, family socioeconomic status, physical activity, screen time, body mass index, and daylight duration. Results: Nocturnal sleep duration z-scores were positively associated with SI percentiles among participants with adequate sleep duration at baseline. Moreover, the positive association between daytime napping and SI percentiles was more pronounced in participants with adequate sleep duration at baseline, while at 4-year follow-up was more pronounced in participants with short sleep duration. In addition, extreme sleep duration at baseline predicted lower SI percentiles after 4 years in participants with poor sleep quality. Conclusion: The positive associations between nocturnal sleep, daytime napping and SI depended on total sleep duration. Long-term detrimental effect of extreme sleep duration on SI only existed in individuals with poor sleep quality. © 2020, The Author(s).
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| 9. |
- Coumans, J. M. J., et al.
(author)
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Emotion-driven impulsiveness and snack food consumption of European adolescents: Results from the I.Family study
- 2018
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In: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663 .- 1095-8304. ; 123, s. 152-159
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We aimed to investigate the association between emotion-driven impulsiveness and snack food consumption in 1039 European adolescents aged 12–18 years. During the cross-sectional examination in 2013/2014, complete information was collected on: emotion-driven impulsiveness (using the negative urgency subscale from the Urgency, Premeditation, Perseverance, Sensation seeking, and Positive urgency (UPPS-P) Impulsive Behaviour Scale) and snacking behaviour operationalised as 1) consumption frequency of daily snacks, 2) consumption frequency of energy-dense snacks (both measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire) and 3) usual energy intake of food consumed per snacking occasion in calories. The latter was measured using online self-administered 24-h dietary recalls and was estimated based on the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Method. Anthropometric variables were measured and BMI z-score (zBMI) calculated. Age, sex, highest education level of the family and country of residence were assessed using a questionnaire. Mixed-effect regression analyses were separately conducted for each snacking behaviour outcome with emotion-driven impulsiveness as the exposure. After controlling for zBMI, age, sex, country and socioeconomic status, emotion-driven impulsiveness was positively associated with daily consumption frequency of snacks (β = 0.07, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) [0.02, 0.12]) and consumption frequency of energy-dense snacks (β = 0.25, 95% CI [0.19, 0.31]), but not with usual energy intake of food per snacking (β = 2.52, 95% CI [-0.55, 5.59]). Adolescents with a stronger emotion-driven impulsiveness tendency reported a higher snacking frequency and specifically more energy-dense snacks, whereas the energy intake of snack food seemed less important. These findings have implications for obesity prevention and treatment as they indicate the importance of targeting emotion-driven impulsiveness as a strategy to avoid excessive snacking.
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| 10. |
- Coumans, J. M. J., et al.
(author)
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Emotion-driven impulsiveness but not decision-making ability and cognitive inflexibility predicts weight status in adults
- 2019
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In: Appetite. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-6663. ; 142
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this study we aimed to determine whether decision-making ability, cognitive inflexibility and emotion-driven impulsiveness are associated with weight status as expressed by body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, waist circumference and skinfold thickness in adults from eight different European countries taking part in the I.Family study. The Bechara Gambling Task was used to assess decision-making ability (n = 1717). The Berg Card Sorting Test was used to measure cognitive inflexibility (n = 1509). Lastly, the negative urgency subscale from the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale was used to measure emotion-driven impulsiveness (n = 4450). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that more emotion-driven impulsiveness was statistically significantly associated with a higher BMI, a higher percentage body fat, and a larger waist circumference in adults, controlling for age, sex, socioeconomic status, country and binge eating; but not with skinfold thickness. Cognitive inflexibility and decision-making ability were not statistically significantly associated with any of the weight status related variables. These results support that impulsivity in response to negative emotions, but not decision-making ability or cognitive inflexibility, is associated with the susceptibility to excessive weight (as indicated by a higher BMI, a higher percentage body fat, and a larger waist circumference). In people behaving impulsively when emotional, focusing on reducing negative affect or improving coping skills is of interest in interventions targeting obesity. Clinical trial registration: The I.Family study is registered in the ISRCTN registry (ISRCTN62310987) on February 23, 2018. © 2019
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