| 1. |
- Azeem, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Combined Economic Emission Dispatch in Presence of Renewable Energy Resources Using CISSA in a Smart Grid Environment
- 2023
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Ingår i: Electronics. - : MDPI. - 2079-9292. ; 12:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geographically spatial and controlled distribution of fossil fuel resources, catastrophic global warming, and depletion of fossil fuel resources have forced us to integrate zero- or low-emissions energy resources, such as wind and solar, in the generation mix. These renewable energy resources are unexhausted, available around the globe, and free of cost. The advancement in wind and solar technologies has caused an appreciable decrease in installed the and global levelized costs of electricity via these sources. Therefore, the penetration of renewable energy resources in the generation mix can provide a promising solution to the above-mentioned problems. The aim of simultaneously reducing fuel consumption in terms of “Fuel Cost” and “Emission” in thermal power plants is called a combined economic emission dispatch problem. It is a combinatorial and multi-objective optimization problem. The solution of this problem is to allocate the load demand and losses on the committed units in such way that the overall costs of the generation and emission of thermal units are reduced, while the legal bounds (constraints) are met. It is a highly non-linear and complex optimization problem. The valve-point loading effect makes this problem non-convex. The addition of renewable energy resources (RERs) adds more complexities to this problem because they are intermittent. In this work, chaotic salp swarm algorithms (CISSA) are used to solve the combined economic emission dispatch problem. Chaos is used as an alternative to randomization for the tuning of the control variable to improve the trait of obtaining global extrema. Different test cases having different combinations of thermal, solar, and wind units are solved using the proposed algorithm. The results show the superiority of this study in comparison to the existent research results in terms of the cost of generation and emissions.
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| 2. |
- Waseem, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Microwave Heat Processing on Nutritional Indices, Antinutrients, and Sensory Attributes of Potato Powder-Supplemented Flatbread
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Quality. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0146-9428 .- 1745-4557. ; 2022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims at evaluating nutritional, toxicological, and sensory attributes of microwave heat-treated potato powder-supplemented unleavened flatbread. Straight-grade wheat flour (SGF) was substituted with potato powder at the rate of 2.5-10% d.w. A comparison was made for nutritional, antinutrient, and organoleptic attributes of microwave heat-treated potato powder and SGF - potato powder composite flour-based flatbreads. The results suggest processed potato powder supplementation in SGF to significantly (p<0.05) improve ash (0.48 to 0.63 g/100 g), dietary fiber (2.15 to 2.61 g/100 g), and protein (8.33 to 9.91 g/100 g) contents of composite chapatis. Likewise, significant (p<0.05) improvement in the concentration of microelements and trace elements was observed including Ca, Na, K, Fe, and Zn contents, which were increased from 29.7 to 33.5 mg/100 g, 2.8 to 6.3 mg/100 g, 376 to 466 mg/100 g, 3.1 to 3.4 mg/100 g, and 3.17 to 3.25 mg/100 g, respectively. Microwave heating of potato powder was observed to reduce the load of alkaloids, oxalates, tannins, and phytates of the raw potato powder at the rate of 76%, 80%, 84%, and 82%, respectively, thus anticipating a promising response to minimize toxicant load in supplemented flatbread. Supplementing potato powder in SGF elucidated significant (p<0.05) improvement in color values, i.e., a∗ (1.89-2.32) and b∗ (10.95-13.22), and increased product hardness from 3.17 to 7.9 N. The study concludes that microwave heat-treated potato powder yield improved nutritional and safety concerns of the consumers when used alone or as a supplement for developing composite flours based on value-added products.
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| 3. |
- Akhtar, Saeed, et al.
(författare)
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An Overview of Plant-Based Protein Rich Products
- 2022
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Ingår i: Plant Protein Foods. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030912062 - 9783030912055 ; , s. 27-60
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deleterious impact of animal meat production and consumption on environment and consumers health has developed interests for exploring relatively safer, healthier, and sustainable food sources. Promoting the production and consumption of plants as alternative to meat proteins do not merely conserve the ecosystem but also promote consumers health and well-being by consistent modification of their food consumption behaviors. Grains, legumes, nuts and edible seeds resources are being consumed as staple foods at various global regions and are referred as poor man’s meat. However, proteins and bioactive peptides from different sources differ in their functional properties depending on their composition and concentration but having good biological value as essential components in human diet. Incorporation of grains, legumes and nuts protein isolates in various formulated food products (seitan, tofu, hummus, Ezekiel bread, flakes, snacks, meat analogues, dairy alternatives) possess potential health benefits by reducing the risk of malnutrition and enhance the utility of these products to fight against the challenges of food insecurity and improve the environmental sustainability of food production. The chapter in hand thus provides a deeper insight of potential plant protein sources and their intended uses in food value-addition and food enrichment.
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