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- Abbafati, Cristiana, et al.
(författare)
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- 2020
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Dallner, G., et al.
(författare)
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Dehydro-Tocotrienol-beta Counteracts Oxidative-Stress-Induced Diabetes Complications in db/db Mice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Antioxidants. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-3921. ; 10:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and adiposity are the main factors that cause inflammation in type 2 diabetes due to excessive ROS production, leading to late complications. To counteract the effects of increased free radical production, we searched for a compound with effective antioxidant properties that can induce coenzyme Q biosynthesis without affecting normal cellular functions. Tocotrienols are members of the vitamin E family, well-known as efficient antioxidants that are more effective than tocopherols. Deh-T3 beta is a modified form of the naturally occurring tocotrienol-beta. The synthesis of this compound involves the sequential modification of geranylgeraniol. In this study, we investigated the effects of this compound in different experimental models of diabetes complications. Deh-T3 beta was found to possess multifaceted capacities. In addition to enhanced wound healing, deh-T3 beta improved kidney and liver functions, reduced liver steatosis, and improved heart recovery after ischemia and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue in a mice model of type 2 diabetes. Deh-T3 beta exerts these positive effects in several organs of the diabetic mice without reducing the non-fasting blood glucose levels, suggesting that both its antioxidant properties and improvement in mitochondrial function are involved, which are central to reducing diabetes complications.
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| 5. |
- Hussain, Shafaat
(författare)
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Gene environment-interaction and cardiovascular phenotype in obesity and diabetes
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although a large body of evidence supports the notion that genes determine cardio-metabolic traits and outcomes, the non-genetic regulation of these events has recently gained increasing attention. Plastic chemical modifications of DNA-histone complexes defined epigenetic changes regulate gene expression by modifying chromatin accessibility to transcription factors. In the present thesis, we have investigated the emerging role of epigenetic modifications as fine-tuning regulators of gene expression in diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as in obesity and diabetes-driven endothelial dysfunction. Study I: The objective was to investigate whether mitochondrial adaptor p66Shc contributes to obesity-related vascular dysfunction. Oxidative stress and vascular expression of chromatin modifying enzymes were investigated in visceral fat arteries (VFA) from obese and age-matched healthy subjects. VFA from obese patients displayed enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and endothelial dysfunction as well as a significant dysregulation of chromatin modifier enzymes methyltransferase SUV39H1, demethylase JMJD2C and acetyltransferase SRC-1 as compared to control VFA. These changes were associated with reduced methylation and acetylation of histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) on p66Shc promoter. Specifically, we demonstrated that obesity-induced downregulation of SUV39H1 orchestrates JMJD2C/SRC-1 recruitment to p66Shc promoter, fostering adverse H3K9 remodeling and p66Shc upregulation. Study II: We sought to investigate whether epigenetic regulation of pro-oxidant adaptor p66Shc contributes to persistent myocardial dysfunction despite intensive glycemic control (IGC). p66Shc expression was increased in the heart of diabetic mice, and IGC did not revert this phenomenon. Dysregulation of methyltransferase DNMT3b and deacetylase SIRT1 linked to upregulation of miRNAs (miR-218 and miR-34a) drive persistent transcription of the adaptor p66Shc, thereby leading to mitochondrial oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation and left ventricular dysfunction. Our findings showed that adverse epigenetic signatures on p66Shc promoter contribute to left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in the setting of diabetes. Study III: Here we demonstrate for the first time a protective role of activated protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor JunD against derangement of ROS homeostasis, inflammation and myocardial impairment in the setting of diabetes-induced hyperglycemia. JunD transcriptional activity was reduced in the heart of wild-type mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and was associated with downregulation of free radical scavengers, increased expression of ROS-generating NADPH oxidase and marked increase in myocardial superoxide anion generation. These redox changes were paralleled by activation of NF-κB-dependent inflammatory pathways and left ventricular dysfunction. Interestingly enough, such detrimental changes did not occur in diabetic mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of JunD (α-MHC-JunDtg) and LV function was not impaired, indicating the relevant role of JunD in counteracting hyperglycemia-induced redox changes and cardiac damage in diabetes. Study IV: Enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2), a member of the family of SET1 methyltransferase and a catalytic component in the polycomb repressive complex 2, is associated with transcriptional repression through histone H3K27me3 modification. Therefore, we hypothesize that its pharmacological modulation could have an impact on hyperglycemia-driven endothelial dysfunction. We demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by GSK126 might prevent key hallmarks of diabetic vascular dysfunction, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Experiments in human aortic endothelial cells showed that GSK126 protects against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via restoration of JunD, SOD1 and SOD2 expression and inhibition of Nox4 upregulation. Moreover, GSK126 was able to prevent activation of transcription factor NF-kB and subsequent upregulation of inflammatory adhesion molecules IL-6 and MCP-1. Altogether, our studies provide novel molecular insights on the regulation of redox and inflammatory pathways implicated in the impairment of obesity and diabetes-induced endothelial and cardiac function. Moreover, by targeting epigenetic changes responsible of derailed pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory transcriptional programmes, we shed some light on putative pharmacological strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in this setting.
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| 7. |
- Kocarnik, J. M., et al.
(författare)
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Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019 A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Jama Oncology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 8:3, s. 420-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IMPORTANCE The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. OBJECTIVE To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. EVIDENCE REVIEW The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3%(95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9%(95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4%(1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7%(4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and YDALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.
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| 9. |
- Sanchez-Ceinos, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Repressive H3K27me3 drives hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in human endothelium
- 2024
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Ingår i: CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY. - 1475-2840. ; 23:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Histone modifications play a critical role in chromatin remodelling and regulate gene expression in health and disease. Histone methyltransferases EZH1, EZH2, and demethylases UTX, JMJD3, and UTY catalyse trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me3). This study was designed to investigate whether H3K27me3 triggers hyperglycemia-induced oxidative and inflammatory transcriptional programs in the endothelium.Methods We studied human aortic endothelial cells exposed to high glucose (HAEC) or isolated from individuals with diabetes (D-HAEC). RT-qPCR, immunoblotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-qPCR), and confocal microscopy were performed to investigate the role of H3K27me3. We determined superoxide anion (O2 -) production by ESR spectroscopy, NF-kappa B binding activity, and monocyte adhesion. Silencing/overexpression and pharmacological inhibition of chromatin modifying enzymes were used to modulate H3K27me3 levels. Furthermore, isometric tension studies and immunohistochemistry were performed in aorta from wild-type and db/db mice.Results Incubation of HAEC to high glucose showed that upregulation of EZH2 coupled to reduced demethylase UTX and JMJD3 was responsible for the increased H3K27me3. ChIP-qPCR revealed that repressive H3K27me3 binding to superoxide dismutase and transcription factor JunD promoters is involved in glucose-induced O2 - generation. Indeed, loss of JunD transcriptional inhibition favours NOX4 expression. Furthermore, H3K27me3-driven oxidative stress increased NF-kappa B p65 activity and downstream inflammatory genes. Interestingly, EZH2 inhibitor GSK126 rescued these endothelial derangements by reducing H3K27me3. We also found that H3K27me3 epigenetic signature alters transcriptional programs in D-HAEC and aortas from db/db mice.Conclusions EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 represents a key epigenetic driver of hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction. Targeting EZH2 may attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation and, hence, prevent vascular disease in diabetes.
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| 10. |
- Shekka Espinosa, Aaron, et al.
(författare)
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Differences between cardiac troponin I vs. T according to the duration of myocardial ischaemia
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Heart Journal-Acute Cardiovascular Care. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2048-8726 .- 2048-8734. ; 12:6, s. 355-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and troponin I (cTnI) are expressed as an obligate 1:1 complex in the myocardium. However, blood levels of cTnI often rise much higher than that of cTnT in myocardial infarction (MI), whereas cTnT is often higher in patients with stable conditions such as atrial fibrillation. Here we examine high-sensitive (hs) cTnI and hs-cTnT after different durations of experimental cardiac ischaemia. Methods and results hs-cTnI, hs-cTnT, and the hs-cTnT/hs-cTnI ratio were measured in plasma samples from rats before and at 30 and 120 min after 5, 10, 15, and 30 min of myocardial ischaemia. The animals were killed after 120 min of reperfusion, and the infarct volume and volume at risk were measured. hs-cTnI, hs-cTnT, and the hs-cTnT/hs-cTnI ratio were also measured in plasma samples collected from patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). hs-cTnT and hs-cTnI increased over 10-fold in all rats subjected to ischaemia. The increase of hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT after 30 min was similar, resulting in a hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT ratio around 1. The hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT ratio was also around 1 in blood samples collected at 120 min in rats subjected to 5 or 10 min of ischaemia where no localized necrosis was observed. In contrast, the hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT ratio at 2 h was 3.6-5.5 after longer ischaemia that induced cardiac necrosis. The large hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT ratio was confirmed in patients with anterior STEMI. Conclusion Both hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT increased similarly after brief periods of ischaemia that did not cause overt necrosis, whereas the hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT ratio tended to increase following longer ischaemia that induced substantial necrosis. A low hs-cTnI/hs-cTnT ratio around 1 may signify non-necrotic cTn release.
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