| 1. |
- Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O., et al.
(författare)
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Determinants of morbidity and mortality following emergency abdominal surgery in children in low-income and middle-income countries
- 2016
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Ingår i: BMJ Global Health. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2059-7908. ; 1:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Child health is a key priority on the global health agenda, yet the provision of essential and emergency surgery in children is patchy in resource-poor regions. This study was aimed to determine the mortality risk for emergency abdominal paediatric surgery in low-income countries globally.Methods: Multicentre, international, prospective, cohort study. Self-selected surgical units performing emergency abdominal surgery submitted prespecified data for consecutive children aged <16 years during a 2-week period between July and December 2014. The United Nation's Human Development Index (HDI) was used to stratify countries. The main outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality, analysed by multilevel logistic regression.Results: This study included 1409 patients from 253 centres in 43 countries; 282 children were under 2 years of age. Among them, 265 (18.8%) were from low-HDI, 450 (31.9%) from middle-HDI and 694 (49.3%) from high-HDI countries. The most common operations performed were appendectomy, small bowel resection, pyloromyotomy and correction of intussusception. After adjustment for patient and hospital risk factors, child mortality at 30 days was significantly higher in low-HDI (adjusted OR 7.14 (95% CI 2.52 to 20.23), p<0.001) and middle-HDI (4.42 (1.44 to 13.56), p=0.009) countries compared with high-HDI countries, translating to 40 excess deaths per 1000 procedures performed.Conclusions: Adjusted mortality in children following emergency abdominal surgery may be as high as 7 times greater in low-HDI and middle-HDI countries compared with high-HDI countries. Effective provision of emergency essential surgery should be a key priority for global child health agendas.
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| 2. |
- Thomas, HS, et al.
(författare)
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- 2019
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Akyurek, Levent M., et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary manifestations of systemic karyomegaly
- 2020
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Ingår i: RESPIRATORY MEDICINE CASE REPORTS. - : ELSEVIER. - 2213-0071. ; 29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over 40 years ago, abnormal enlargement of the nucleus of tubular epithelial cells was reported in a rare distinct hereditary chronic interstitial nephritis, karyomegalic interstitial nephritis (KIN). Here, we report the second case of systemic karyomegaly with pulmonary manifestations and present a detailed characterization of the karyomegalic cells in lung parenchyma. A 59-year-old woman who was diagnosed with KIN developed renal failure and eventually received a renal transplant later evaluated for chronic and progressive restrictive lung disease. The KIN diagnosis prompted us to carefully examine her lung parenchyma. Karyomegalic cells were identified in the alveolar epithelium, interstitium, as well as, in the vascular wall. Viral serological and biochemical blood analyses were negative. We consider that the pulmonary manifestations of karyomegaly expands the differential diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in patients with KIN.
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| 5. |
- Aziz, Hussein Muzahim, et al.
(författare)
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Compressing Video Based on Region of Interest
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time video streaming suffer from bandwidth limitation that are unable to handle the high amount of video data. To reduce the amount of data to be streamed, we propose an adaptive technique to crop the important part of the video frames, and drop the part that are outside the important part; this part is called the Region of Interest (ROI). The Sum of Absolute Differences (SAD) is computed to the consecutive video frames on the server side to identify and extract the ROI. The ROI are extracted from the frames that are between reference frames based on three scenarios. The scenarios been designed to position the reference frames in the video frames sequence. Linear interpolation is performed from the reference frames to reconstruct the part that are outside the ROI on the mobile side. We evaluate the proposed approach for the three scenarios by looking at the size of the compressed videos and measure the quality of the videos by using the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). The results show that our technique significantly reduces the amount of data to be streamed over wireless networks with acceptable video quality are provided to the mobile viewers.
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| 6. |
- Aziz, Hussein Muzahim, et al.
(författare)
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Eliminating the Effects of Freezing Frames on User Perceptive by Using a Time Interleaving Technique
- 2012
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Ingår i: Multimedia Systems. - : Springer-Verlag. - 0942-4962 .- 1432-1882. ; 18:3, s. 251-262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Streaming video over a wireless network faces several challenges such as high packet error rates, bandwidth variations, and delays, which could have negative effects on the video streaming and the viewer will perceive a frozen picture for certain durations due to loss of frames. In this study, we propose a Time Interleaving Robust Streaming (TIRS) technique to significantly reduce the frozen video problem and provide a satisfactory quality for the mobile viewer. This is done by reordering the streaming video frames as groups of even and odd frames. The objective of streaming the video in this way is to avoid the losses of a sequence of neighbouring frames in case of a long sequence interruption. We evaluate our approach by using a user panel and mean opinion score (MOS) measurements; where the users observe three levels of frame losses. The results show that our technique significantly improves the smoothness of the video on the mobile device in the presence of frame losses, while the transmitted data are only increased by almost 9% (due to reduced time locality).
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| 7. |
- Aziz, Hussein Muzahim, et al.
(författare)
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Eliminating the Freezing Frames for the Mobile User over Unreliable Wireless Networks
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main challenge of real time video streaming over a wireless network is to provide good quality service (QoS) to the mobile viewer. However, wireless networks have a limited bandwidth that may not be able to handle the continues video frame sequence and also with the possibility that video frames could be dropped or corrupted during the transmission. This could severely affect the video quality. In this study we come up with a mechanism to eliminate the frozen video and provide a quality satisfactory for the mobile viewer. This can be done by splitting the video frames to sub-frame and transmitted over multiple channels. We will present a subjective test, the Mean Opinion Score (MOS). MOS is used to evaluate our scenarios where the users can observe three levels of frame losses for real time video streaming. The results for our technique significantly improves the indicate perceived that video quality.
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| 8. |
- Aziz, Hussein Muzahim
(författare)
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Enhancing the Smoothness of Streaming Video for Mobile Users over Unreliable Networks
- 2010
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Real time video streaming over wireless network is an increasingly important and attractive service to the mobile users. Video streaming involves a large amount of data to be transmitted in real time, while wireless channel conditions may vary from time to time. It is hard to guarantee a reliable transmission over the wireless network, where the parameters specifying the transmissions are; bandwidth, packet loss, packet delays, and outage times. The quality of the video is affected negatively when network packets are lost, and the mobile users may notice some sudden stop during the video playing; the picture is momentarily frozen, followed by a jump from one scene to a totally different one. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a smooth video playback in the mobile device over unreliable networks with a satisfactory video quality. Three different techniques are proposed to achieve this goal. The first technique will stream duplicate gray scale frames over multichannels, if there is lost frames in one channel it can be recovered from another channel. In the second technique, each video frame will be split into sub-frames. The splitted sub-frames will be streamed over multichannels. If there is a missing sub-frame during the transmission a reconstruction mechanism will be applied in the mobile device to recreate the missing sub-frames. In the third technique, we propose a time interleaving robust streaming (TIRS) technique to stream the video frames in different order. The benefit of that is to avoid the losses of a sequence of neighbouring frames. A missing frame from the streaming video will be reconstructed based on the surrounding frames. The mean opinion score (MOS) metric is used to evaluate the video quality. The experienced quality of a video is subject to the personal opinion, which is the only goal to satisfy the average human watching the contents of the video.
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| 9. |
- Aziz, Hussein Muzahim, et al.
(författare)
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Graceful degradation of mobile video quality over wireless network
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real-time video transmission over wireless channels has become an important topic in wireless communication because of the limited bandwidth of wireless network that should handle high amount of video frames. Video frames must arrive at the client before the playout time with enough time to display the contents of the frames. Real-time video transmission is particularly sensitive to delay as it has a strict bounded end-to-end delay constraint; video applications impose stringent requirements on communication parameters, such as frame lost and frame dropped due to excessive delay are the primary factors affecting the user-perceived quality. In this study we investigate ways of obtaining a graceful and controlled degradation of the quality, by introducing redundancy in the frame sequence and compensating this by limiting colourcoding and resolution. The effect of that is to use double streaming mechanism, in this way we will obtain less freezing at the expense of limited colours and resolution. Our experiments, applied to scenarios where users can observe three types of dropping load for real time video streaming, the analytical measurements tools are used in this study to evaluate the video quality is the mean opinion score and we will demonstrate this and argue that the proposed technique improves the use perceived of the video quality.
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| 10. |
- Aziz, Hussein Muzahim, et al.
(författare)
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Streaming Video as Space – Divided Sub-Frames over Wireless Networks
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Real time video streaming suffers from lost, delayed, and corrupted frames due to the transmission over error prone channels. As an effect of that, the user may notice a frozen picture in their screen. In this work, we propose a technique to eliminate the frozen video and provide a satisfactory quality to the mobile viewer by splitting the video frames into sub- frames. The multiple descriptions coding (MDC) is used to generate multiple bitstreams based on frame splitting and transmitted over multichannels. We evaluate our approach by using mean opinion score (MOS) measurements. MOS is used to evaluate our scenarios where the users observe three levels of frame losses for real time video streaming. The results show that our technique significantly improves the video smoothness on the mobile device in the presence of frame losses during the transmission.
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