| 1. |
- Viskari, H, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and maternal enterovirus antibodies : Time trends and geographical variation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 48:7, s. 1280-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: We have previously observed an inverse correlation between the incidence of type 1 diabetes and enterovirus infections in the background population. The aim of this study was to analyse whether maternal enterovirus antibody status, which reflects both the frequency of enterovirus infections and the protection conferred by the mother on the offspring, also correlates with the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Methods: Maternal enterovirus antibodies were analysed from serum samples taken from pregnant women between 1983 and 2001 in Finland and Sweden using enzyme immunoassay and neutralisation assays. Comparable samples were also taken between 1999 and 2001 in countries with a lower incidence of diabetes (Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Lithuania, Russia). Results: A clear decrease was observed in maternal enterovirus antibody levels over the past 20 years (p<0.0001). The frequency of enterovirus antibodies was higher in countries with a low or intermediate incidence of type 1 diabetes compared with high-incidence countries (p<0.0001). Conclusions/interpretation: These findings are in line with our previous observations supporting the hypothesis that a low frequency of enterovirus infection in the background population increases the susceptibility of young children to the diabetogenic effect of enteroviruses. © Springer-Verlag 2005.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Elfving, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal enterovirus infection during pregnancy as a risk factor in Offspring Diagnosed with Type 1 Diabetes between 15 and 30 years of age
- 2008
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Ingår i: Experimental Diabetes Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-5214 .- 1687-5303. ; , s. 271958-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal enterovirus infections during pregnancy may increase the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes during childhood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether gestational enterovirus infections increase the offspring's risk of type 1 diabetes later in life. Serum samples from 30 mothers without diabetes whose offspring developed type 1 diabetes between 15 and 25 years of age were analyzed for enterovirus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and enterovirus genome (RNA), and compared to a control group. Among the index mothers, 9/30 (30%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and none was positive for enterovirus RNA. In the control group, 14/90 (16%) were enterovirus IgM-positive, and 4/90 (4%) were positive for enterovirus RNA (n.s.). Boys of enterovirus IgM-positive mothers had approximately 5 times greater risk of developing diabetes (OR 4.63; 95% CI 1.22-17.6), as compared to boys of IgM-negative mothers (P < .025). These results suggest that gestational enterovirus infections may be related to the risk of offspring developing type 1 diabetes in adolescence and young adulthood.
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| 4. |
- Lindehammer, Sabina Resic, et al.
(författare)
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Viruses, diabetes, and autoimmunity : Studies of subjects at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes
- 2013
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Ingår i: Diabetes and Viruses. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 9781461440505 - 9781461440512 ; 9781461440512, s. 187-194
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The possible importance of virus infections before the development of islet autoimmunity and then for the appearance of clinical type 1 diabetes is reviewed. There is a lack of specific data on the role of virus to induce islet autoimmunity. There is also a paucity of data to demonstrate that virus infections may contribute to an accelerated disease process resulting in clinical onset of type 1 diabetes. In contrast, there is a plethora of studies on virus infections at the time of clinical onset. However, these studies have made the understanding of virus in type 1 diabetes less easy. Future studies need to address further gestational infections and the risk of the offspring for islet autoimmunity. Such studies should also investigate the mechanisms by which gestational infections may alter the ability of the offspring to respond to future virus infections related to the development of islet autoimmunity or accelerator of the clinical onset of diabetes.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Salami, F, et al.
(författare)
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DETECTION OF LACTOBACILLI IN MONTHLY MAIL-IN STOOL SAMPLES FROM 3-18 MONTHS OLD INFANTS AT GENETIC RISK FOR TYPE 1 DIABETES
- 2012
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Ingår i: International journal of probiotics & prebiotics. - 1555-1431. ; 7:3-4, s. 135-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The feasibility to detect lactobacilli in mail-in infant stools collected monthly from 3-18 months old children was investigated. The aim was to determine total lactobacilli and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) content (ng/g feces) in 50 infants each from Colorado (648 samples), Finland (624 samples) and Sweden (685 samples) who participated in the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study. Total lactobacilli content varied markedly between 5 and 16,800 ng/g feces in the three clinical sites within and between individuals especially in infants. L.plantarum also varied markedly intra- and inter-individually from <0.5 - 736 ng/g feces. A higher variability of total lactobacilli was found before 10 months of age than after in the three different clinical sites. Sweden had the lowest total lactobacilli content compared to Colorado and Finland while the L.plantarum content was higher in Sweden. Mail-in stool samples from infants should prove useful in analyzing probiotics in childhood.
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