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- Fredriksson, Anna, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Hur taktisk planering kan underlätta resursplanering i byggbranschen – Processer och IT-verktyg
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med denna artikel är att visa på hur resurser inom byggföretag kan planeras på taktisk nivå med hjälp av optimeringsverktyg. Den rådande högkonjunkturen i Sverige med högre efterfrågan från beställare än vad byggentreprenörerna kan levererar måste entreprenörerna aktivt välja vilka projekt man ska gå in med anbud på. Beslutet måste vara välgrundat på information gällande efterfrågade projekt, tillgängliga resurser och potentiell vinstmarginal på projekten. Det är här taktisk planering kommer in genom att balansera potentiella projekt med den kapacitet byggföretaget har för att kunna gå in med anbud på de projekt som genererar högst vinstmarginal. Genom att studera två byggföretag (NCC och Arcona) presenteras processer och IT-verktyg för taktisk planering inom bygg. I NCC:s fall har fokus legat på att skapa sammanhållna processer och IT-verktyg för att hämta in data om framtida projekt och aktivt välja rätt projekt baserat på vilka reseurs dessa kräver, vilken kapacitet man har tillgängliga när projektet startar och vad vinstmarginalen blir. I Arconas fall har fokus legat på att skapa sammanhållna processer och IT-verktyg för att balanser aktiviteter och materialbehov genom hela byggprojektet. På så sätt kan man i framtiden bättre planera behovet av kapacitet i deras nyutvecklade terminallösning baserat på hur mycket material som kan tänkas flöda genom den mht framtida projekt. Resultatet från studien visar på behovet av taktisk planering bland byggföretagen och hur den planeringen agerar som en länk mellan strategiska beslut och operativt arbete. Detta är ett viktigt bidrag för byggföretagen då de har beslutsstöd för att kunna fatta ett välgrundat beslut på vilka projekt man ska gå in med anbud på.
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| 2. |
- Hyll, Henrik
(författare)
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Logistical Principles in Construction Supply Chains.
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Supply chain management and logistics management have proven successful in the manufacturing industry, with improved productivity as a consequence. However, in the construction industry these issues have not been high on the agenda. This may be one reason why the construction industry lags behind the manufacturing industry in terms of productivity. The good thing is that there is a growing interest for managing the construction supply chains. The basic idea in this thesis is not to come up with new logistical principles, but to learn from the existing performance in the manufacturing industry. A theoretical framework concerning general supply chain management and logistics issues is presented. This includes nine logistical principles, which have been acknowledged by the manufacturing industry. Previous academic reports concerning supply chain management and logistics in the construction industry are analysed with the general theoretical framework as a basis. In addition to this literature review two case studies have been conducted. Both case studies involve a supply chain starting at the manufacturer and ending at the client. The first case regards radiators and the second case regards installation cable. Common for both cases is that they represent groups of material which have shown a historic high cost increase. The results confirm that supply chain management has still not been widely spread, and was not implemented in either of the two supply chains studied. However, there were signs among the client and the building contractor in the first supply chain of an emerging focus on the supply chain performance, which very well may lead to the adoption of supply chain management. Both case studies show similar results that the wholesalers offer excessive service when delivering stocked material within a day from receiving the order. This is a consequence of the contractors’ lack of establishing detailed delivery dates early in the projects. This thesis has come up with several suggestions for improvements in the supply chains, which all together shows that there is much to gain in starting to manage the supply chains and avoiding sub-optimisation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Hyll, Kari, et al.
(författare)
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CT-skanning som verktyg för detektering av törskateangrepp på tall
- 2022
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Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine blister rust fungi (Cronartium pini) is expected to become an increasing problem for both forest owners and sawmills in the Nordic region, and there is great uncertainty about the economic consequences. There is also a lack of knowledge about the biology of Scots pine blister rust, as well as the tree's response and defence against ongoing infection. The tree is known to defend itself by enriching resin at the infected area, creating a damaged area of resin-wood. There is currently no reliable way to detect and assess the degree of damage in sawn timber, which leads to waste, as entire sawlogs are usually downgraded when parts or most of the timber could possibly be used. The objectives of this preliminary study were to: (1) investigate whether X-ray computed tomography (CT scanning) can detect blister rust damage in pine timber, in order to optimise sawing and save the value of the sawn timber; (2) to compare the 3-dimensional CT image description of the fungal attack with how the damage looks on the outside, to enable recommendations for external assessment of the damage attack, for example during felling; and (3) to assess the possibilities for describing the course of the damage and the tree's defence against the fungal attack.Eight rust-infested and two non-infested trees (Scots pine) were collected from a thinning stand and a mature stand outside Bjurselet, Norsjö municipality in Västerbotten. The trees were felled in January 2022. After felling, the stems were visually inspected, and infected parts were marked with paint on the mantle surface. The stems were cut into logs of suitable length for transport and scanning. Cuts through fungal-infested regions were avoided. The wood was transported to LTU’s Wood Science and Engineering facility in Skellefteå for CT scanning.The CT scan of the sample trees showed that damage due to pine blister rust can be detected in a way that enables further development of an industrial detection method and optimisation of the wood decomposition. However, one difficulty discovered was that fungal-infested sapwood areas have similar image intensity as non-infested heartwood. It could also be established that the distribution of damage inside the volume of the stem is greater than can be detected visually on the mantle, especially in the longitudinal direction. In this study the temporal development of the infection from the time of infestation to the time of CT scanning could not be analysed. However, annual rings could be distinguished in both damaged and undamaged wood, making it possible to monitor the evolution of the damage from year to year. DNA analysis detected the presence of blister rust fungus in the wood, both in and outside resin-rich areas. The highest amount of fungus-specific DNA was measured outside the resin-rich area in the outer parts of the sapwood.
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| 6. |
- Thunberg, Micael, et al.
(författare)
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PLANNING IN CONSTRUCTION - HOW ARE THE DIFFERENT PLANNING PROCESSES LINKED?
- 2017
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Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 33rd ANNUAL CONFERENCE, ARCOM (Association of Researchers in Construction Management). - : ARCOM, Association of Researchers in Construction Management. - 9780995546318
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a current debate among construction researchers that resources and materials are not efficiently coordinated between projects, which in the long-run can negatively affect productivity and profitability. Other industries have improved resource utilisation with a hierarchical perspective on planning and tactical planning, the MPC perspective (Manufacturing Planning and Control). Adopting this way of planning among construction contractors would allow for improved coordination and resource utilisation as an overview of the project portfolio is taken. However, this perspective is new to construction contractors and learnings need to be gathered for understanding MPC in a construction context. The purpose of this paper is by taking a MPC perspective to increase the understanding of how resources and materials can be coordinated within a contractor’s project portfolio on a tactical level. The study is based on case studies within two Swedish contractors. The study presents a structure for how to include a tactical planning process within a contractor’s overall planning and what the main components are of this process.
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