| 1. |
- Aramo-Immonen, Heli, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Metalli taipuu! Kipinä luovaan bisnekseen teollisuudessa
- 2013
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tähän kirjaan on kerätty kokemuksia monipolviselta matkalta luovuuden ja innovatiivisuuden sekä teollisuuden toimijoiden kohtauspaikalle Kaleidoskooppi-hankkeeseen. Kirjaan on koottu eri alojen asiantuntijoiden kirjoituksia ja esseitä hankkeen kokemuksista, joita lukija hyödyntää uusien ideoiden lähteenä. Ajatuksena on ollut kuvata monipuolisesti Kaleidoskoopissa kokeiltuja luovia menetelmiä ja pohtia niiden tuloksellisuutta ja merkitystä. Koska mukana on eri alojen toimijoita, ovat myös kirjoitelmat eri tutkimusnäkökulmien ja opetusmetodien muodostama kaleidoskooppi neljään eri aiheeseen. Kirja on pyritty tekemään helppolukuiseksi erottelemalla teemat toisistaan värein. Kirjan loppuun on kerätty linkkejä luovan talouden maailmaan. Lopusta löytyvät myös mukana olleiden tutkijoiden ja asiantuntijoiden esittelyt. Kirjaa voi käyttää oppimateriaalina, hakuteoksena ja lähdeteoksena. Ensisijaisesti verkossa jaettavaksi suunniteltua teosta on lupa jakaa ja hyödyntää yrityksissä ja opetuksessa.
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| 2. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, Professor, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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A chromosome-level assembly of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus genome with annotation of its repetitive elements
- 2024
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Ingår i: G3. - : Oxford University Press. - 2160-1836. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Callosobruchus maculatus is a major agricultural pest of legume crops worldwide and an established model system in ecology and evolution. Yet, current molecular biological resources for this species are limited. Here, we employ Hi-C sequencing to generate a greatly improved genome assembly and we annotate its repetitive elements in a dedicated in-depth effort where we manually curate and classify the most abundant unclassified repeat subfamilies. We present a scaffolded chromosome-level assembly, which is 1.01 Gb in total length with 86% being contained within the 9 autosomes and the X chromosome. Repetitive sequences accounted for 70% of the total assembly. DNA transposons covered 18% of the genome, with the most abundant superfamily being Tc1-Mariner (9.75% of the genome). This new chromosome-level genome assembly of C. maculatus will enable future genetic and evolutionary studies not only of this important species but of beetles more generally.
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| 3. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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A chromosome-level assembly of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus genome with annotation of its repetitive elements
- 2024
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Ingår i: G3. - 2160-1836. ; 14:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Callosobruchus maculatus is a major agricultural pest of legume crops worldwide and an established model system in ecology and evolution. Yet, current molecular biological resources for this species are limited. Here, we employ Hi-C sequencing to generate a greatly improved genome assembly and we annotate its repetitive elements in a dedicated in-depth effort where we manually curate and classify the most abundant unclassified repeat subfamilies. We present a scaffolded chromosome-level assembly, which is 1.01 Gb in total length with 86% being contained within the 9 autosomes and the X chromosome. Repetitive sequences accounted for 70% of the total assembly. DNA transposons covered 18% of the genome, with the most abundant superfamily being Tc1-Mariner (9.75% of the genome). This new chromosome-level genome assembly of C. maculatus will enable future genetic and evolutionary studies not only of this important species but of beetles more generally.
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| 4. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, Professor, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Concerted evolution of metabolic rate, economics of mating, ecology, and pace of life across seed beetles
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Science. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 119:33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Male-female coevolution has taken different paths among closely related species, but our understanding of the factors that govern its direction is limited. While it is clear that ecological factors, life history, and the economics of reproduction are connected, the divergent links are often obscure. We propose that a complete understanding requires the conceptual integration of metabolic phenotypes. Metabolic rate, a nexus of life history evolution, is constrained by ecological factors and may exert important direct and indirect effects on the evolution of sexual dimorphism. We performed standardized experiments in 12 seed beetle species to gain a rich set of sex-specific measures of metabolic phenotypes, life history traits, and the economics of mating and analyzed our multivariate data using phylogenetic comparative methods. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) showed extensive evolution and evolved more rapidly in males than in females. The evolution of RMR was tightly coupled with a suite of life history traits, describing a pace-of-life syndrome (POLS), with indirect effects on the economics of mating. As predicted, high resource competition was associated with a low RMR and a slow POLS. The cost of mating showed sexually antagonistic coevolution, a hallmark of sexual conflict. The sex-specific costs and benefits of mating were predictably related to ecology, primarily through the evolution of male ejaculate size. Overall, our results support the tenet that resource competition affects metabolic processes that, in turn, have predictable effects on both life history evolution and reproduction, such that ecology shows both direct and indirect effects on male-female coevolution.
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| 5. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Genome size correlates with reproductive fitness in seed beetles
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 282:1815
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultimate cause of genome size (GS) evolution in eukaryotes remains a major and unresolved puzzle in evolutionary biology. Large-scale comparative studies have failed to find consistent correlations between GS and organismal properties, resulting in the 'C-value paradox'. Current hypotheses for the evolution of GS are based either on the balance between mutational events and drift or on natural selection acting upon standing genetic variation in GS. It is, however, currently very difficult to evaluate the role of selection because within-species studies that relate variation in life-history traits to variation in GS are very rare. Here, we report phylogenetic comparative analyses of GS evolution in seed beetles at two distinct taxonomic scales, which combines replicated estimation of GS with experimental assays of life-history traits and reproductive fitness. GS showed rapid and bidirectional evolution across species, but did not show correlated evolution with any of several indices of the relative importance of genetic drift. Within a single species, GS varied by 4-5% across populations and showed positive correlated evolution with independent estimates of male and female reproductive fitness. Collectively, the phylogenetic pattern of GS diversification across and within species in conjunction with the pattern of correlated evolution between GS and fitness provide novel support for the tenet that natural selection plays a key role in shaping GS evolution.
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| 6. |
- Arnqvist, Göran, Professor, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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The pace-of-life : A sex-specific link between metabolic rate and life history in bean beetles
- 2017
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Ingår i: Functional Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0269-8463 .- 1365-2435. ; 31:12, s. 2299-2309
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic rate (MR) is a key functional trait simply because metabolism converts resources into population growth rate. Yet, our empirical understanding of the sources of within species variation in MR, as well as of its life history and ecological correlates, is rather limited. Here, we assess whether MR lies at the root of a syndrome of correlated rate-dependent life-history traits in an insect.Selection for early (E) or late (L) age-at-reproduction for >160 generations in the bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus has produced beetles that differ markedly in juvenile development, body size, fecundity schedules, ageing and life span. Here, we use micro-respirometry to test whether this has been associated with the evolution of age- and sex-specific metabolic phenotypes.We find that mass-specific MR is 18% higher in E lines compared to L lines and that MR decreases more rapidly with chronological, but not biological, age in E lines. Males, under sexual selection to “live-fast-die-young”, show 50% higher MR than females and MR decreased more rapidly with age in males.Our results are consistent with a central role for MR for the divergence in “pace-of-life” seen in these beetles, supporting the view that MR lies at the root of ecologically relevant life-history trait variation within species.
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| 7. |
- Bagchi, Basabi, et al.
(författare)
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Sexual conflict drives micro- and macroevolution of sexual dimorphism in immunity
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1741-7007. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Sexual dimorphism in immunity is believed to reflect sex differences in reproductive strategies and trade-offs between competing life history demands. Sexual selection can have major effects on mating rates and sex-specific costs of mating and may thereby influence sex differences in immunity as well as associated host-pathogen dynamics. Yet, experimental evidence linking the mating system to evolved sexual dimorphism in immunity are scarce and the direct effects of mating rate on immunity are not well established. Here, we use transcriptomic analyses, experimental evolution and phylogenetic comparative methods to study the association between the mating system and sexual dimorphism in immunity in seed beetles, where mating causes internal injuries in females.RESULTS: We demonstrate that female phenoloxidase (PO) activity, involved in wound healing and defence against parasitic infections, is elevated relative to males. This difference is accompanied by concomitant sex differences in the expression of genes in the prophenoloxidase activating cascade. We document substantial phenotypic plasticity in female PO activity in response to mating and show that experimental evolution under enforced monogamy (resulting in low remating rates and reduced sexual conflict relative to natural polygamy) rapidly decreases female (but not male) PO activity. Moreover, monogamous females had evolved increased tolerance to bacterial infection unrelated to mating, implying that female responses to costly mating may trade off with other aspects of immune defence, an hypothesis which broadly accords with the documented sex differences in gene expression. Finally, female (but not male) PO activity shows correlated evolution with the perceived harmfulness of male genitalia across 12 species of seed beetles, suggesting that sexual conflict has a significant influence on sexual dimorphisms in immunity in this group of insects.CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides insights into the links between sexual conflict and sexual dimorphism in immunity and suggests that selection pressures moulded by mating interactions can lead to a sex-specific mosaic of immune responses with important implications for host-pathogen dynamics in sexually reproducing organisms.
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| 8. |
- Bayram, Helen L., et al.
(författare)
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Identification of novel ejaculate proteins in a seed beetle and division of labour across male accessory reproductive glands
- 2019
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Ingår i: Insect biochemistry and molecular biology. - : Pergamon. - 0965-1748 .- 1879-0240. ; 104, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The male ejaculate contains a multitude of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs), many of which are key reproductive molecules, as well as sperm. However, the identification of SFPs is notoriously difficult and a detailed understanding of this complex phenotype has only been achieved in a few model species. We employed a recently developed proteomic method involving whole-organism stable isotope labelling coupled with proteomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize ejaculate proteins in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. We identified 317 proteins that were transferred to females at mating, and a great majority of these showed signals of secretion and were highly male-biased in expression in the abdomen. These male-derived proteins were enriched with proteins involved in general metabolic and catabolic processes but also with proteolytic enzymes and proteins involved in protection against oxidative stress. Thirty-seven proteins showed significant homology with SFPs previously identified in other insects. However, no less than 92 C. maculatus ejaculate proteins were entirely novel, receiving no significant blast hits and lacking homologs in extant data bases, consistent with a rapid and divergent evolution of SFPs. We used 3D micro-tomography in conjunction with proteomic methods to identify 5 distinct pairs of male accessory reproductive glands and to show that certain ejaculate proteins were only recovered in certain male glands. Finally, we provide a tentative list of 231 candidate female-derived reproductive proteins, some of which are likely important in ejaculate processing and/or sperm storage.
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| 9. |
- Bayram, Helen L., et al.
(författare)
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Novel seminal fluid proteins in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus identified by a proteomic and transcriptomic approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: Insect molecular biology (Print). - : Wiley. - 0962-1075 .- 1365-2583. ; 26:1, s. 58-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is a significant agricultural pest and increasingly studied model of sexual conflict. Males possess genital spines that increase the transfer of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) into the female body. As SFPs alter female behaviour and physiology, they are likely to modulate reproduction and sexual conflict in this species. Here, we identified SFPs using proteomics combined with a de novo transcriptome. A prior 2D-sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified male accessory gland protein spots that were probably transferred to the female at mating. Proteomic analysis of these spots identified 98 proteins, a majority of which were also present within ejaculates collected from females. Standard annotation workflows revealed common functional groups for SFPs, including proteases and metabolic proteins. Transcriptomic analysis found 84 transcripts differentially expressed between the sexes. Notably, genes encoding 15 proteins were highly expressed in male abdomens and only negligibly expressed within females. Most of these sequences corresponded to 'unknown' proteins (nine of 15) and may represent rapidly evolving SFPs novel to seed beetles. Our combined analyses highlight 44 proteins for which there is strong evidence that they are SFPs. These results can inform further investigation, to better understand the molecular mechanisms of sexual conflict in seed beetles.
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| 10. |
- Bomström, Henri, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Twins About Humans—Design Objectives From Three Projects
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. - : The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 1530-9827 .- 1944-7078. ; 22:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Digital twin (DT) emerges as a key concept of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and beyond. However, the current literature lacks focus on humans and human activities as a part of complex system DTs. Acknowledging human aspects in DTs can enhance work performance, well-being, motivation, and personal development of professionals. This study examines emerging requirements for human digital twins (HDTs) in three use cases of industry–academia collaboration on complex systems. The results draw together the overall design problem and four design objectives for HDTs. We propose to combine the machine and human-related aspects of DTs and highlight the need for virtual-to-virtual interoperability between HDTs and machines alike. Furthermore, we outline differences between humans and machines regarding digital twinning by addressing human activities and knowledge-based behavior on systems. Design of HDTs requires understanding of individual professional characteristics, such as skills and information preferences, together with twinning between the physical and digital machine entities and interactions between the human and machine DTs. As the field moves toward including humans as a part of the DT concept, incorporating HDTs in complex systems emerges as an increasingly significant issue.
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