| 1. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 2. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
-
A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
-
Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Heath, Alicia K, et al.
(författare)
-
Soft Drink and Juice Consumption and Renal Cell Carcinoma Incidence and Mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology. - : American Association for Cancer Research. - 1538-7755 .- 1055-9965. ; 30:6, s. 1270-1274
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 80% of kidney cancers in adults, and obesity is a known risk factor. Regular consumption of sweetened beverages has been linked to obesity and several chronic diseases, including some types of cancer. It is uncertain whether soft drink and juice consumption is associated with risk of RCC. We investigated the associations of soft drink and juice consumption with RCC incidence and mortality in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).METHODS: A total of 389,220 EPIC participants with median age of 52 years at recruitment (1991-2000) were included. Cox regression yielded adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for RCC incidence and mortality in relation to intakes of juices and total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drinks.RESULTS: A total of 888 incident RCCs and 356 RCC deaths were identified. In models including adjustment for body mass index and energy intake, there was no higher risk of incident RCC associated with consumption of juices (HR per 100 g/day increment = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.97-1.09), total soft drinks (HR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.98-1.05), sugar-sweetened soft drinks (HR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.05), or artificially sweetened soft drinks (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.96-1.08). In these fully adjusted models, none of the beverages was associated with RCC mortality (HR, 95% CI per 100 g/day increment 1.06, 0.97-1.16; 1.03, 0.98-1.09; 0.97, 0.89-1.07; and 1.06, 0.99-1.14, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of juices or soft drinks was not associated with RCC incidence or mortality after adjusting for obesity.IMPACT: Soft drink and juice intakes are unlikely to play an independent role in RCC development or mortality.
|
|
| 5. |
- Inge, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Ameliorating epistemic injustice in practice : Communication strategies in a research project with refugee youth coresearchers
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Health Expectations. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1369-6513 .- 1369-7625. ; 27:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionMany researchers want to include seldom involved groups, such as refugees and youth, in patient and public involvement (PPI), but experience a number of barriers. The PPI research community calls for critical evaluations that are prospective, data-based and conducted by researchers and public contributors together. In this study, we conducted a longitudinal evaluation of a core activity in all collaborations: communication strategies. The aim was to evaluate the communication strategies adopted throughout a research project with refugee youth coresearchers.MethodsThis article is based on the evaluation of a project where refugee youth were involved in the online adaptation of a group-based programme for youth with posttraumatic stress. Behavioural observations and field notes collected during the project were analysed with qualitative content analysis and a readability index, and discussed through the lens of epistemic injustice. The article was cowritten by researchers and refugee youth.FindingsFour manifest categories were identified: Facilitating engagement through coplanning and circumstantial flexibility; Different needs require different channels; It's not just about the channel—facilitation skills matter; Finding a common language opens a communicative flow. In addition, a latent underlying theme reflecting the role of trust was identified: Interactive moments facilitate trust—trust facilitates richer involvement.ConclusionAt the core of the identified communication strategies were strengthening relationship-building and actively facilitating involvement. Establishing trusting relationships enabled refugee youth to share input. The communication strategies increased hermeneutical justice by contributing to a common understanding; thus, taking a step towards ameliorating epistemic injustice.
|
|
| 6. |
- Inge, Elin
(författare)
-
Patient and public involvement with forced migrants : Exploring communication, ethics and public contributor experiences
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The topic of this thesis is patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research. Here, PPI is defined as the active involvement in key research decisions of people whose lives are at the centre of the research. Currently, there is an increased interest in and development of participatory methods. In Sweden, PPI has acquired growing attention in health research. However, the use of PPI in Sweden, as well as the structures supporting researchers and public contributors, are not yet established. The PPI field has been criticised for lacking diversity and fair representation of the researched groups. One group rarely involved as public contributors in PPI is forced migrants. Doing research with rather than about forced migrants, has the potential to alleviate asymmetries of power and knowledge, and reduce health inequities – if conducted in a meaningful way. The overall aim was to explore patient and public involvement with forced migrants in health research. Four studies were conducted. The study designs built on and complemented each other in terms of data, analysis methods and level of detail. Study I used a longitudinal qualitative approach to track the experiences of refugee parents during their involvement in a three-year child mental health trial. In Study II, enablers and barriers to PPI meetings with forced migrant public contributors were identified using a mixed methods approach. Study III evaluated the communication strategies in a research project with refugee youth coresearchers, with a focus on epistemic injustice. In Study IV, ethical issues in PPI with forced migrants were empirically investigated and analysed using relational ethics.The findings show similar patterns from different perspectives. PPI with forced migrants required considerations around inclusive communication, relationship-building and trust, as well as considerations around where and how decisions were made. For these processes to develop, time and a focus on relationships is required. Using relational ethics and a reflexive approach can help researchers navigate ethical PPI with forced migrants. In the Swedish setting, PPI needs to be acknowledged on an institutional level, to create conditions to work with PPI in meaningful and ethical ways.
|
|
| 7. |
- Inge, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Patient and public involvement with forced migrants: An empirical exploration of ethical issues.
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this article, we applied empirical ethics to the topic of patient and public involvement (PPI) with forced migrants. We know that PPI has positive impact on research, but the empirical knowledge around the ethical aspects of PPI with forced migrants is largely unknown. We analysed empirical material to identify ethical issues, using thematic analysis, and discussed these in relation to research ethics principles as well as relational ethics.
|
|
| 8. |
- Inge, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Standard Involvement Is Not Enough : A Mixed Method Study of Enablers and Barriers in Research Meetings with Forced Migrants
- 2023
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Refugee Studies. - : Oxford University Press. - 0951-6328 .- 1471-6925.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although participatory approaches in health research are increasingly used, critical voices are being raised around lack of diversity among the public contributors involved. This article explores enabling and hindering factors in participatory meetings with forced migrants involved as public contributors in health research, using a convergent parallel mixed methods design including behavioural observations and questionnaires, with the aim of contributing to practices of meaningful and inclusive involvement in research. Our findings indicated that relationship-building and adapting to team development over time were key. Additionally, researcher responsivity and transparency enabled relevant contributions, but few decisions were taken. Although linguistic barriers existed and were rated higher by the researchers, engaging interpreters as co-facilitators of the meetings enabled nuanced discussions. In addition to following PPI recommendations, involving public contributors with experience of forced migration requires considering relationship-focused factors; inclusive communication, relationships and trust, and process-focused factors: where and how decisions are taken.
|
|
| 9. |
- Irestorm, Elin, et al.
(författare)
-
Fatigue trajectories during pediatric ALL therapy are associated with fatigue after treatment: a national longitudinal cohort study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-7339 .- 0941-4355. ; 31:1, s. 1-9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Fatigue is one of the most prevalent and distressing symptoms reported by survivors of childhood cancer. There is currently a lack of longitudinal studies on cancer-related fatigue, and especially on the relationship between the course of fatigue during treatment and fatigue at follow-up. The purpose of the current study was therefore to investigate if the course of fatigue during treatment, treatment intensity, serious adverse events, sex, or age at diagnosis are associated with cancer-related fatigue after treatment.Methods: Participants were 92 children and adolescents diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (mean age at diagnosis was 6.26 years). Fatigue was measured with PedsQL multidimensional fatigue scale proxy reports 5 months after diagnosis,12 months after diagnosis, 24 months after diagnosis, and at follow-up 12 months after end of treatment. The effect of patient and treatment characteristics on fatigue reported at follow-up was tested through logistic regression analyses.Results: The course of fatigue during treatment signifcantly predicted fatigue reported at follow-up for general fatigue (p=.038, OR=9.20), sleep/rest fatigue (p=.011, OR=15.48), and cognitive fatigue (pConclusions The fndings demonstrate that fatigue reported during treatment can predict fatigue at follow-up. These results stress the need for longitudinal assessments. Healthcare professionals need to be aware that pediatric patients who are fatigued during treatment need to receive additional attention and timely interventions since cancer-related fatigue will not resolve by itself in the frst year after end of treatment.
|
|
| 10. |
- Jespersen, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
-
Clinical responses to adoptive T-cell transfer can be modeled in an autologous immune-humanized mouse model.
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating T cells have shown durable responses in patients with melanoma. To study ACT and immunotherapies in a humanized model, we have developed PDXv2.0 -a melanoma PDX model where tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating T cells from the same patient are transplanted sequentially in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immune-deficient/common gamma chain (NOG/NSG) knockout mouse. Key to T-cell survival/effect in this model is the continuous presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Tumors that grow in PDXv2.0 are eradicated if the autologous tumor cells and T cells come from a patient that exhibited an objective response to ACT in the clinic. However, T cells from patients that are non-responders to ACT cannot kill tumor cells in PDXv2.0. Taken together, PDXv2.0 provides the potential framework to further model genetically diverse human cancers for assessing the efficacy of immunotherapies as well as combination therapies.Combining different types of immune therapies might benefit certain patients. Here, the authors develop an autologous immune-humanized melanoma mouse model that allows the preclinical assessment of cancer cell-T cell interactions from each individual patient and the benefits of immunotherapies combinations.
|
|
