| 1. |
- Ingthorsson, Rögnvaldur, et al.
(författare)
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The Elusive Appearance of Time
- 2013
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Ingår i: Johanssonian Investigations: Essays in the Honour of Ingvar Johansson on his Seventieth Birthday. - 9783868381900 ; , s. 304-316
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is widely assumed that time appears to be tensed, i.e. divided into a future, present and past, and transitory, i.e. involving some kind of ‘flow’ or ‘passage’ of times or events from the future into the present and away into the distant past. In this paper I provide some reasons to doubt that time appears to be tensed and transitory, or at least that philosophers who have suggested that time appears to be that way have included in ‘appearance’ everything that falls under the broad term ‘cognition’, i.e. mental processes of all kinds, including perceiving, remembering, imagining, and thinking. I argue that the tensed and transitory aspect of our experience of temporal reality is, firstly, subordinate to our experience of a world of persistent objects, secondly, in conflict with a popular conception of the nature of persistent material objects, and finally, an aspect of how we think about temporal reality than how we actually experience it. I support the last contention by a comparison with our experience of spatiality, which arguably has three distinguishable components: (i) ‘pure input perception’, (ii) ‘perceptual experience modulated by top down cognitive processes’, and (iii) a ‘pure representation of space’. For space, the modulation of our perception of space at any given moment can be attributed to our pure representation of space, but it is not clear to me that our modulated experience of time is influenced by a pure representation of time. Rather, the modulated experience of temporality, to my mind, is much more clearly an experience of continuous existence of the persisting objects that make up the world.
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| 2. |
- Egonsson, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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”Provocation and the Mitigation of Responsibility”
- 2014
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Ingår i: Johanssonian Investigations. - 9783868381900 ; , s. 179-190
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article I discuss the relationship between the victim’s and the perpetrator’s guilt in a rape situation. Does recognition of the victim’s guilt automatically remove (any) responsibility from the perpetrator? One way of arguing that is does is to lean on an expanded version of the principle that “ought implies can”, which implies that the magnitude of the difficulty involved in abstaining from a certain action will affect the agent’s responsibility for it. This idea is firmly established in both common sense and moral practice, but I believe that it rests on the mistaken view that can is a gradable concept. Can is, I think, vague but categorical. This means that even if (and I say if) the perpetrator were provoked to some degree by his victim, this would not annul his responsibility so far as the expanded version of the principle is concerned.
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| 3. |
- Hansson Wahlberg, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Dissolving McTaggart's Paradox
- 2013
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Ingår i: Johanssonian Investigations. - 9783868381900 ; 5, s. 240-258
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Ingthorsson, Rögnvaldur D.
(författare)
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Is Competitive Elite Sport Really Morally Corrupt?
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Culture and Sport, Studies and Research. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 2081-2221 .- 1899-4849. ; 75:1, s. 5-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been argued that competitive elite sport both a) reduces the humanity of athletes by turning them into beings whose sole value is determined in relation to others, and b) is motivated by a celebration of the genetically superior and humiliation of the weak. This paper argues that while a) is a morally reproachable attitude to competition, it is not what competitive elite sport revolves around, and that b) simply is not the essence of competitive elite sport. Competitive elite sport is an exploration of the physical and mental demands of sport. Finally, the paper explores a number of consequences of the different views of sport with respect to the problem of intersexual women.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ingthorsson, Rögnvaldur
(författare)
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McTaggart's Paradox
- 2016. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- McTaggarts argument för tidens overklighet, först publicerat 1908, satte agendan för 1900-talets tidsfilosofi. Ändå råder stor oenighet om vad argumentet egentligen sager. Ingen håller med om slutsatsen, och ändå finner många något intressant och viktigt i det. Den här boken presenterar den första kritiska översikten över förra århundradets debatt om det som har kommit att kallas McTaggarts paradox. Forskare har länge antagit att argumentet är oberoende av McTaggart’s eget metafysiska system, och av andra kontroversiella ontologiska grundsatser. Författaren visar att så inte är fallet. McTaggart själv hävdade att det var beroende av grundsatserna av hans eget system. Det faktum att forskare har tolkat argumentet som ett oberoende argument, och därför funnit det ofullständigt, har lett till att de tolkar det utifrån sina egna grundsatser och därför har forskare som utgått ifrån olika grundsatser kommit till olika tolkiningar. Den här boken erbjuder en alternative tolkning av argumentet, som samtidigt förklarar varför andra uttolkare kommit fram til var sin oförenlig tolkning. Den innehåller också discussion av implikationerna av denna tolkning för den kontemporära tidsfilosofiska debatten mellan A och B uppfattningen av tiden. Är B uppfattningen verkligen förenlig med endurerande ting och därmed med standarduppfattningen av förändring? Är A uppfattningen verkligen motsägelsefull. Författaren svarar att B uppfattningen inte är förenlig med endurerande ting, och att endast så kallade A-B hybrider behöver oroa sig för motsägelser. Vad tempus egentligen är förblir oförklarad även om McTaggart’s paradox inte längre är ett hot. Den här boken borde vara av intresse för studenter och forskare med ett intresse för tidsfilosofi samt näraliggande metafysiska ämnen.
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| 8. |
- Ingthorsson, Rögnvaldur
(författare)
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Properties: Qualities, Powers, or Both?
- 2013
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Ingår i: Dialectica. - : Verein philosophie.ch. - 1746-8361 .- 0012-2017. ; 67:1, s. 55-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powers are popularly assumed to be distinct from, and dependent upon, inert qualities, mainly because it is believed that qualities have their nature independently of other properties while powers have their nature in virtue of a relation to distinct manifestation property. George Molnar and Alexander Bird, on the other hand, characterise powers as intrinsic and relational. The difficulties of reconciling the characteristics of being intrinsic and at the same time essentially related are illustrated in this paper and it is argued that the reasons for thinking of powers as essentially relational are based on misguided epistemological consideration. Finally, I present a way of thinking of fundamental properties as primitive natures that we can only understand in virtue of what they do but which we should not think of as being ontologically constituted by these doings. According to this view, properties are both qualities and powers.
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| 9. |
- Ingthorsson, Rögnvaldur
(författare)
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The logical vs. the ontological understanding of conditions
- 2008
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Ingår i: Metaphysica. - : Springer. - 1437-2053 .- 1874-6373. ; 9:2, s. 129-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- According to the truth-functional analysis of conditions, to be ‘necessary for’ and ‘sufficient for’ are converse relations. From this, it follows that to be ‘necessary and sufficient for’ is a symmetric relation, that is, that if P is a necessary and sufficient condition for Q, then Q is a necessary and sufficient condition for P. This view is contrary to common sense. In this paper, I point out that it is also contrary to a widely accepted ontological view of conditions, according to which if P is a necessary and sufficient condition for Q, then Q is in no sense a condition for P; it is a mere consequence of P.
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| 10. |
- Ingthorsson, Rögnvaldur
(författare)
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The Natural vs. Human Sciences: Myth, Methodology, and Ontology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Discusiones Filosóficas. - 0124-6127. ; 22:1, s. 13-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I argue that the human sciences (i.e. humanities, social- and behavioural sciences) should not try to imitate the methodology of the natural sciences. The human sciences study meaningful phenomena whose nature is decisively different from the merely physical phenomena studied by the natural sciences, and whose study therefore require different methods; meaningful phenomena do not obviously obey natural laws while the merely physical necessarily does. This is not to say that the human sciences do not study an objective reality about which we cannot have genuine knowledge. The notion of objective reality is discussed, and it is suggested that social constructions can be understood as objectively real entities.
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