| 1. |
- Fustec, B., et al.
(author)
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Complex relationships between Aedes vectors, socio-economics and dengue transmission-Lessons learned from a case-control study in northeastern Thailand
- 2020
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In: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2735. ; 14:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background/Objectives Dengue fever is an important public health concern in most tropical and subtropical countries, and its prevention and control rest on vector surveillance and control. However, many aspects of dengue epidemiology remain unclear; in particular, the relationship between Aedes vector abundance and dengue transmission risk. This study aims to identify entomological and immunological indices capable of discriminating between dengue case and control (non-case) houses, based on the assessment of candidate indices, as well as individual and household characteristics, as potential risk factors for acquiring dengue infection. Methods This prospective, hospital-based, case-control study was conducted in northeastern Thailand between June 2016 and August 2019. Immature and adult stage Aedes were collected at the houses of case and control patients, recruited from district hospitals, and at patients' neighboring houses. Blood samples were tested by RDT and PCR to detect dengue cases, and were processed with the Nterm-34 kDa salivary peptide to measure the human immune response to Aedes bites. Socioeconomic status, and other individual and household characteristics were analyzed as potential risk factors for dengue. Results Study findings showed complex relationships between entomological indices and dengue risk. The presence of DENV-infected Aedes at the patient house was associated with 4.2-fold higher odds of dengue. On the other hand, Aedes presence (irrespective of infectious status) in the patient's house was negatively associated with dengue. In addition, the human immune response to Aedes bites, was higher in control than in case patients and Aedes adult abundance and immature indices were higher in control than in case houses at the household and the neighboring level. Multivariable analysis showed that children aged 10-14 years old and those aged 15-25 years old had respectively 4.5-fold and 2.9-fold higher odds of dengue infection than those older than 25 years. Conclusion DENV infection in female Aedes at the house level was positively associated with dengue infection, while adult Aedes presence in the household was negatively associated. This study highlights the potential benefit of monitoring dengue viruses in Aedes vectors. Our findings suggest that monitoring the presence of DENV-infected Aedes mosquitoes could be a better indicator of dengue risk than the traditional immature entomological indices. Author summary Dengue fever is a globally expanding arboviral disease, consisting of four distinct serotypes, transmitted primarily by synanthropic/peridomestic mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Given the absence of specific treatment, and the incomplete protection provided by the currently available vaccine, vector surveillance and control remain the principal tool to prevent and control dengue transmission. However, vector surveillance through the monitoring of larval mosquito indices lacks consistency in addressing dengue risk. Surveillance based on pupal and adult stages is considered as more accurate to estimate dengue transmission risk, although monitoring is difficult to implement in routine. An alternative strategy is the use of the specific human antibody response to Aedes saliva to identify human exposure risk to Aedes bites. We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study in northeastern Thailand in order to identify risk factors for dengue infection using entomological and immunological indices, together with select individual and household characteristics. We found that people aged 10-25 years had significant higher odds of dengue than older adults (>25 years old). The presence of DENV-infected Aedes in the house was associated with 4.2-fold higher odds of dengue infection. Interestingly, Aedes adult abundance in the household was negatively associated with dengue revealing the complex role of Aedes density to dengue risk. This study highlights the potential benefit of monitoring dengue viruses in Aedes vectors to identify areas ("hot spots") and people ("hot pops") at higher risk of transmission.
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| 2. |
- Injamul Hoq, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Breast cancer screening awareness, practice, and perceived barriers: A community-based cross-sectional study among women in south-eastern Bangladesh
- 2024
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In: HEALTH SCIENCE REPORTS. - 2398-8835. ; 7:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background and AimsBreast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in Bangladesh. An early-stage screening is the best way to reduce both the morbidity and mortality burden of breast cancer. The study evaluated awareness, practice, and perceived barriers toward breast cancer screening in Bangladesh.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 in Chattogram, Bangladesh, where 869 women (18 years or above) were randomly selected in this study.ResultsAmong 869 participants, 47.3% of women were recruited from urban areas and 52.7% participated from rural areas. Only 32.68% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 44.28% vs. 22.27%) were aware of breast self-examination (BSE) and 52.47% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 63.75% vs. 42.36%) had ever heard Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), respectively. Among the respondents, 27.73% (urban vs. rural: 40.15% vs. 16.59%) performed their BSE, and only 14.61% of respondents (urban vs. rural: 21.90% vs. 8.08%) had ever visited for CBE. Women residing in rural areas were approximately three times (AOR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.25-0.52], AOR: 0.37 [95% CI: 0.23-0.58]) less likely to perform BSE and CBE, respectively, than urban dwellers. We found that higher-educated women tend to do more BSE and CBE than women with low levels of education. Perceptions of having "no symptoms" and being "risk-free" are leading barriers to breast screening among women.ConclusionPoor awareness and practice were observed in screening among the urban and rural women in Bangladesh. Urban area dwellers had comparatively better understanding and practice than rural dwellers. We think extending health education and health promotion activities toward breast cancer screening is essential in this region.
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| 3. |
- Injamul Hoq, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Is COVID-19 spreading and curing silently: an observation of three family clusters in Bangladesh
- 2020
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In: Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0792-6855 .- 2191-0286. ; 31:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The number of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is increasing in Bangladesh. Many people have suffered from symptoms like COVID-19 during this pandemic, and some people have cured without taking any treatment or taking minor pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. However, they might be spreading their infections among their family members and perhaps in the community. It is unsure that individuals with COVID-19-like symptoms are positive with COVID-19, but our concern is, during this pandemic, any types of symptoms such as flu-like symptoms should have been taken seriously. This study was observed in the cases from three families with COVID-19 like symptoms. This observational study was done between May 20 and Jun 2, 2020, in Bangladesh. The members of the inspected families shared COVID-19 like symptoms that were lasted for 3-10 days. COVID-19 might be spread and cured silently in Bangladesh, which recommends that awareness is needed throughout the country to prevent the spreading of the disease. © 2020 (c) 2020 Mohammad Injamul Hoq et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston
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| 4. |
- Injamul Hoq, Mohammad, et al.
(author)
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Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh (2010-2020): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2023
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In: Current Diabetes Reviews. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1573-3998. ; 19:6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in Bangladesh. This paper has reviewed published studies on hypertension and T2DM from 2010 to 2020 in Bangladesh and conducted a meta-analysis. Methods The PubMed database was used for systematic search. Hypertension and T2DM were considered for measuring pooled prevalence by meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypertension (n = 30) and T2DM (n = 21) in relevant studies. The quality of the reviewed studies was determined by sampling strategy, sample size, and outcome assessment. The meta-analysis protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020206315). Results The pooled hypertension and T2DM prevalence was 21.6% (95% CI: 18.8%-24.4%) and 13.6% (95% CI: 10.8%-16.5%), respectively. Females were more hypertensive than males (M vs. F: 18.6% vs. 24.8%), and T2DM was higher in females (M vs. F: 12.4% vs. 13.3%). Urban dwellers were more hypertensive and diabetic than rural people (urban vs. rural: 28.5% vs. 20.3% and 18.8% vs. 14.2%, respectively). An 8% increase in the prevalence of hypertension and T2DM became more than double compared to the 1995-2010 period. Conclusion Future research should focus on the underlying factors that increase the prevalence of these diseases and prevention strategies to reduce the trend of increasing prevalence.
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| 5. |
- Uddin, M. N., et al.
(author)
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The Mechanistic Role of Thymoquinone in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroprotection in Pre-Clinical Studies
- 2021
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In: Current Molecular Pharmacology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4672. ; 14:6, s. 1083-1092
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD is yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, thereby protecting neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies remain to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.
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