| 1. |
- Athanasopoulos, E., et al.
(författare)
-
Secure hardware-software architectures for robust computing systems
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Communications in Computer and Information Science. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-0937 .- 1865-0929. - 9783319271637 ; 570, s. 209-212
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Horizon 2020 SHARCS project is a framework for designing, building and demonstrating secure-by-design applications and services, that achieve end-to-end security for their users. In this paper we present the basic elements of SHARCS that will provide a powerful foundation for designing and developing trustworthy, secure-by-design applications and services for the Future Internet.
|
|
| 2. |
- Awoga, Oladunjoye A., et al.
(författare)
-
Controlling Majorana hybridization in magnetic chain-superconductor systems
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Research. - 2643-1564. ; 6:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose controlling the hybridization between Majorana zero modes at the ends of magnetic adatom chains on superconductors by an additional magnetic adatom deposited close by. By tuning the additional adatom's magnetization, position, and coupling to the superconductor, we can couple and decouple the Majorana modes, as well as control the ground-state parity. The scheme is independent of microscopic details in ferromagnetic and helical magnetic chains on superconductors, with and without spin-orbit coupling, which we show by studying their full microscopic models and their common low-energy description. Our results show that scanning tunneling microscopy and electron-spin-resonance techniques are promising tools for controlling the Majorana hybridization in magnetic adatoms-superconductor setups, providing a basis for Majorana parity measurements, fusion, and braiding techniques.
|
|
| 3. |
- Cao, Yang, Associate Professor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictive Values of Preoperative Characteristics for 30-Day Mortality in Traumatic Hip Fracture Patients
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Personalized Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2075-4426. ; 11:5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hip fracture patients have a high risk of mortality after surgery, with 30-day postoperative rates as high as 10%. This study aimed to explore the predictive ability of preoperative characteristics in traumatic hip fracture patients as they relate to 30-day postoperative mortality using readily available variables in clinical practice. All adult patients who underwent primary emergency hip fracture surgery in Sweden between 2008 and 2017 were included in the analysis. Associations between the possible predictors and 30-day mortality was performed using a multivariate logistic regression (LR) model; the bidirectional stepwise method was used for variable selection. An LR model and convolutional neural network (CNN) were then fitted for prediction. The relative importance of individual predictors was evaluated using the permutation importance and Gini importance. A total of 134,915 traumatic hip fracture patients were included in the study. The CNN and LR models displayed an acceptable predictive ability for predicting 30-day postoperative mortality using a test dataset, displaying an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of as high as 0.76. The variables with the highest importance in prediction were age, sex, hypertension, dementia, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). Both the CNN and LR models achieved an acceptable performance in identifying patients at risk of mortality 30 days after hip fracture surgery. The most important variables for prediction, based on the variables used in the current study are age, hypertension, dementia, sex, ASA classification, and RCRI.
|
|
| 4. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Cannabisbruk och langning i Stockholms län : Situationella mönster och samhällskonsekvenser
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien är att kartlägga de situationer där cannabisanvändning och överlåtelse skeri Stockholmsregionen. Vi undersöker också kopplingen mellan cannabisrelaterade brott ochsamhällskonsekvenser på lokal nivå, till exempel på bostadsmarknaden.Med hjälp av data från Polisregion Stockholms polisregister undersöker vi om brotten hadehögre sannolikhet att ske i särskilda stadsmiljöer. Dessutom rapporterar vi tidsmässiga ochrumsliga egenskaper av alla cannabisrelaterade brott i Stockholmsregionen (bruk, innehav ochhandel) med hjälp av registerdata från Polisens nationellt forensiskt centrum (NFC), som täckeråren 2019–2020. Studien utnyttjar geografiska informationssystem (GIS) och spatialaregressionsmodeller (i) för en bättre förståelse för geografin av cannabisrelaterade brott. Olikaoffentliga typer av markanvändning (t.ex. parker, transportknutpunkter och skolor) ställs ocksåi relation till cannabisrelaterade brott, efter att ha kontrollerat för demografiska,socioekonomiska och lokaliseringsbaserade faktorer. Vi avslutar rapporten med ett antal rekommendationer för både forskning och praktik. Eftersomcannabisinnehav och langning inte visar samma brottsgeografi, är det viktigt att komma ihågatt åtgärder behöver vara specifika för de olika brotten. När det gäller langning är en ökadnaturlig övervakning och tillsyn av de platser där brotten sker en viktig del av detcannabisförebyggande arbetet. Även platsansvariga, som hyresvärdar, skolpersonal ochstationspersonal, kan påverka såväl privata som offentliga miljöer där cannabisbrott sker.Tillgång och efterfrågan av cannabis finns alltså på olika platser, vilket är viktiga pusselbitarför brottsförebyggande arbete och bevakning. Långsiktiga satsningar på områden med högbrottslighet är också viktiga för att förebygga förfallspiralen, som annars förstärker de socialaproblemen som redan finns i dessa områden.
|
|
| 5. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Searching for Situational Patterns in Cannabis Dealing, Possession and Use in a Scandinavian Context
- 2023
-
Ingår i: International Criminology. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-9968 .- 2662-9976. ; 3:3, s. 222-238
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although cannabis is the most frequent illicit drug consumed in Sweden, little is known about the situations in which cannabis trade, possession and use occur. Following a recent strand of international research on the effect of recreational drugs on crime, this study uses a unique specially tailored database, Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and regression models, to investigate the situational conditions of cannabis offenses as they are detected in Stockholm, Sweden. Cannabis coincides with the location of drug markets initially delimited by the police but also extends over to locations far from the radar of the police, such as private residences (comfort places). Modeling results indicate that several land uses (convergent public places) have significant predictive value of the geography of cannabis offenses after controlling for other neighborhood characteristics. The article finishes by stating new research questions and making recommendations for practice.
|
|
| 6. |
- Ceccato, Vania, Professor, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Using Remote Sensing Data in Urban Crime Analysis : A Systematic Review of English-Language Literature from 2003 to 2023
- 2024
-
Ingår i: International Criminal Justice Review. - : SAGE Publications. - 1057-5677 .- 1556-3855.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drawing from environmental criminology principles, this article explores the existing literature to assess the utility of remote sensing data in detecting and analysing features in the urban environment that are associated with crime occurrence. A systematic review of the literature in the English language from 2003 until the first half of 2023 from two major databases, Scopus and Science Direct, is carried out. As many as 910 publications were selected, from which 36 publications satisfied the selection criteria. Findings show that neighborhood's design has a quantifiable imprint that is possible to be observed with very high spatial-resolution imagery. Given its high spatial and temporal resolution, remote sensing data can to different degrees support the identification of criminogenic features in urban environments (streets and roads, property boundaries, housing density, characteristics and density of vegetation as well as luminosity levels), but when it is used for the detection of potentially illegal activities, infringement of people's privacy and methods lacking validation still present serious concerns. The article concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and challenges of using remote sensing data in crime analysis.
|
|
| 7. |
- Forssten, Maximilian Peter, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
-
A nationwide analysis on the interaction between frailty and beta-blocker therapy in hip fracture patients
- 2023
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Urban und Vogel Medien und Medizin Verlagsgesellsc. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941. ; 49:3, s. 1485-1497
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Hip fracture patients, who are often frail, continue to be a challenge for healthcare systems with a high postoperative mortality rate. While beta-blocker therapy (BBt) has shown a strong association with reduced postoperative mortality, its effect in frail patients has yet to be determined. This study's aim is to investigate how frailty, measured using the Orthopedic Hip Frailty Score (OFS), modifies the effect of preadmission beta-blocker therapy on mortality in hip fracture patients.METHODS: This retrospective register-based study included all adult patients in Sweden who suffered a traumatic hip fracture and subsequently underwent surgery between 2008 and 2017. Treatment effect was evaluated using the absolute risk reduction (ARR) in 30-day postoperative mortality when comparing patients with (BBt+) and without (BBt-) ongoing BBt. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to reduce potential confounding when examining the treatment effect. Patients were stratified based on their OFS (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) and the treatment effect was also assessed within each stratum.RESULTS: A total of 127,305 patients were included, of whom 39% had BBt. When IPTW was performed, there were no residual differences in observed baseline characteristics between the BBt+ and BBt- groups, across all strata. This analysis found that there was a stepwise increase in the ARRs for each additional point on the OFS. Non-frail BBt+ patients (OFS 0) exhibited an ARR of 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0-2.4%, p < 0.001], while the most frail BBt+ patients (OFS 5) had an ARR of 24% [95% CI 18-30%, p < 0.001], compared to BBt- patients within the same stratum.CONCLUSION: Beta-blocker therapy is associated with a reduced risk of 30-day postoperative mortality in frail hip fracture patients, with a greater effect being observed with higher Orthopedic Hip Frailty Scores.
|
|
| 8. |
- Forssten, Maximilian P., 1996-, et al.
(författare)
-
Adverse Outcomes after Pelvic Fracture in Geriatric Patients : The Critical Role of Frailty
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1072-7515 .- 1879-1190. ; 237:5, s. S557-S557
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Pelvic fractures among the elderly are associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Frailty, a condition of depleted physical reserves which increases with age, is likely a contributing factor for such unfavorable events. We endeavored to describe the association between frailty, measured using the Ortho-pedic Frailty Score (OFS), and adverse outcomes in geriatric pelvic fracture patients.Methods: All geriatric (≥65yrs) patients registered in the 2013 to 2019 TQIP database with an isolated pelvic fracture following blunt trauma were considered for inclusion. An isolated pelvic fracture was defined as any fracture in the ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum, coccyx, or acetabulum with an AIS ≤1 in all other regions except for abdominal and lower extremity. Patients were categorized as non-frail (OFS 0), pre-frail (OFS 1), or frail (OFS ≥2). Poisson regression models were employed to determine the association between the OFS and adverse outcomes adjusting for confounders including angiographical and surgical interventions.Results: A total of 66,404 patients met inclusion criteria, of whom 52% were classified as non-frail, 32% as pre-frail, and 16% as frail. Compared to non-frail patients, frail patients exhibited 88% increased risk of in-hospital mortality [adjusted IRR (95% CI): 1.88 (1.54-2.30), p<0.001], a 25% increased risk of composite complications [adjusted IRR (95% CI): 1.25 (1.10-1.42), p<0.001], a 56% increased risk of failure to rescue [adjusted IRR (95% CI): 1.56 (1.14-2.14), p=0.006].Conclusion: Frail geriatric patients suffering a pelvic fracture have disproportionately increased risk for complications, mortality, and failure-to-rescue. Additional measures are required to mitigate adverse events in this vulnerable population.
|
|
| 9. |
- Forssten, Maximilian Peter, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dementia is a surrogate for frailty in hip fracture mortality prediction
- 2022
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. - : Springer. - 1863-9933 .- 1863-9941. ; 48:5, s. 4157-4167
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Among hip fracture patients both dementia and frailty are particularly prevalent. The aim of the current study was to determine if dementia functions as a surrogate for frailty, or if it confers additional information as a comorbidity when predicting postoperative mortality after a hip fracture.METHODS: All adult patients who suffered a traumatic hip fracture in Sweden between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017 were considered for inclusion. Pathological fractures, non-operatively treated fractures, reoperations, and patients missing data were excluded. Logistic regression (LR) models were fitted, one including and one excluding measurements of frailty, with postoperative mortality as the response variable. The primary outcome of interest was 30-day postoperative mortality. The relative importance for all variables was determined using the permutation importance. New LR models were constructed using the top ten most important variables. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the predictive ability of these models.RESULTS: 121,305 patients were included in the study. Initially, dementia was among the top ten most important variables for predicting 30-day mortality. When measurements of frailty were included, dementia was replaced in relative importance by the ability to walk alone outdoors and institutionalization. There was no significant difference in the predictive ability of the models fitted using the top ten most important variables when comparing those that included [AUC for 30-day mortality (95% CI): 0.82 (0.81-0.82)] and excluded [AUC for 30-day mortality (95% CI): 0.81 (0.80-0.81)] measurements of frailty.CONCLUSION: Dementia functions as a surrogate for frailty when predicting mortality up to one year after hip fracture surgery. The presence of dementia in a patient without frailty does not appreciably contribute to the prediction of postoperative mortality.
|
|
| 10. |
- Forssten, Maximilian Peter, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
-
Prioritizing patients for hip fracture surgery : the role of frailty and cardiac risk
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Surgery. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-875X. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: The number of patients with hip fractures continues to rise as the average age of the population increases. Optimizing outcomes in this cohort is predicated on timely operative repair. The aim of this study was to determine if patients with hip fractures who are frail or have a higher cardiac risk suffer from an increased risk of in-hospital mortality when surgery is postponed >24 h.METHODS: All patients registered in the 2013-2021 TQIP dataset who were ≥65 years old and underwent surgical fixation of an isolated hip fracture caused by a ground-level fall were included. Adjustment for confounding was performed using inverse probability weighting (IPW) while stratifying for frailty with the Orthopedic Frailty Score (OFS) and cardiac risk using the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). The outcome was presented as the absolute risk difference in in-hospital mortality.RESULTS: A total of 254,400 patients were included. After IPW, all confounders were balanced. A delay in surgery was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital mortality across all strata, and, as the degree of frailty and cardiac risk increased, so too did the risk of mortality. In patients with OFS ≥4, delaying surgery >24 h was associated with a 2.33 percentage point increase in the absolute mortality rate (95% CI: 0.57-4.09, p = 0.010), resulting in a number needed to harm (NNH) of 43. Furthermore, the absolute risk of mortality increased by 4.65 percentage points in patients with RCRI ≥4 who had their surgery delayed >24 h (95% CI: 0.90-8.40, p = 0.015), resulting in a NNH of 22. For patients with OFS 0 and RCRI 0, the corresponding NNHs when delaying surgery >24 h were 345 and 333, respectively.CONCLUSION: Delaying surgery beyond 24 h from admission increases the risk of mortality for all geriatric hip fracture patients. The magnitude of the negative impact increases with the patient's level of cardiac risk and frailty. Operative intervention should not be delayed based on frailty or cardiac risk.
|
|
