| 1. |
- Brebu, Mihai, et al.
(författare)
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Putative volatile biomarkers of bovine tuberculosis infection in breath, skin and feces of cattle
- 2023
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Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry. - : Springer. - 0300-8177 .- 1573-4919. ; 478:11, s. 2473-2480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is an infectious disease with significant impact on animal health, public health and international trade. Standard bTB screening in live cattle consists in injecting tuberculin and measuring the swelling at the place of injection few days later. This procedure is expensive, time-consuming, logistically challenging, and is not conclusive before performing confirmatory tests and additional analysis. The analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by non-invasive biological samples can provide an alternative diagnostic approach suitable for bTB screening. In the present study, we analyzed VOC samples emitted through the breath, feces and skin of 18 cows diagnosed with bTB from three farms from Romania, as well as of 27 negative cows for bTB from the same farms. Analytical studies employing gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed 80 VOCs emitted through the breath, 200 VOCs released by feces, and 80 VOCs emitted through the skin. Statistical analysis of these compounds allowed the identification of 3 tentative breath VOC biomarkers (acetone; 4-methyldecane; D-limonene), 9 tentative feces VOC biomarkers (toluene; [(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio]acetic acid; alpha-thujene; camphene; phenol; o-cymene; 3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-pentanol; 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide; 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol), and 3 tentative skin VOC biomarkers (ammonia; 1-methoxy-2-propanol; toluene). The possible pathway of these volatile biomarkers is discussed.
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| 2. |
- Geremariam Welearegay, Tesfalem, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnosis of Human Echinococcosis via Exhaled Breath Analysis : A Promise for Rapid Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases Caused by Helminths
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 219:1, s. 101-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Human echinococcosis is a neglected infectious disease affecting more than 1 million people globally. Its diagnosis is expensive and difficult because of lack of adequate resources in low-resource locations, where most cases occur.Methods: A group of volunteers diagnosed with the 2 main types of echinococcosis and corresponding control groups were recruited from hospitals in Tunisia (32 patients with cystic echinococcosis and 43 controls) and Poland (16 patients with alveolar echinococcosis and 8 controls). Breath samples were collected from all patients and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and a specifically developed electronic nose system.Results: The chemical analysis revealed statistically different concentrations of 2 compounds in the breath of patients with cystic echinococcosis compared to controls, and statistically different concentrations of 7 compounds in the breath of patients with alveolar echinococcosis compared to controls. The discrimination accuracy achieved by the electronic nose system was 100% for cystic echinococcosis and 92.9% for alveolar echinococcosis, while the discrimination accuracy between these 2 patient groups was 92.1%.Conclusion: Here we advocate a noninvasive, fast, easy-to-operate and nonexpensive diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of human echinococcosis disease through exhaled breath analysis, suitable for early diagnosis and population screening.
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| 3. |
- Nol, Pauline, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained from Breath and Feces to Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex in Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) in Donana National Park, Spain
- 2020
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Ingår i: Pathogens. - : MDPI AG. - 2076-0817. ; 9:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in wild swine, such as in wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Eurasia, is cause for serious concern. Development of accurate, efficient, and noninvasive methods to detect MTBC in wild swine would be highly beneficial to surveillance and disease management efforts in affected populations. Here, we describe the first report of identification of volatile organic compounds (VOC) obtained from the breath and feces of wild boar to distinguish between MTBC-positive and MTBC-negative boar. We analyzed breath and fecal VOC collected from 15 MTBC-positive and 18 MTBC-negative wild boar in Donana National Park in Southeast Spain. Analyses were divided into three age classes, namely, adults (>2 years), sub-adults (12-24 months), and juveniles (<12 months). We identified significant compounds by applying the two-tailed statistical t-test for two samples assuming unequal variance, with an alpha value of 0.05. One statistically significant VOC was identified in breath samples from adult wild boar and 14 were identified in breath samples from juvenile wild boar. One statistically significant VOC was identified in fecal samples collected from sub-adult wild boar and three were identified in fecal samples from juvenile wild boar. In addition, discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used to build classification models for MTBC prediction in juvenile animals. Using DFA, we were able to distinguish between MTBC-positive juvenile wild boar and MTBC-negative juvenile wild boar using breath VOC or fecal VOC. Based on our results, further research is warranted and should be performed using larger sample sizes, as well as wild boar from various geographic locations, to verify these compounds as biomarkers for MTBC infection in this species. This new approach to detect MTBC infection in free-ranging wild boar potentially comprises a reliable and efficient screening tool for surveillance in animal populations.
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| 4. |
- Welearegay, Tesfalem, et al.
(författare)
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Exhaled air analysis as a potential fast method for early diagnosis of dengue disease
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - Netherlands : Elsevier BV. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 310
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dengue is a neglected tropical disease caused by arbovirus. Every year 390 million persons are infected with dengue, of which 96 million manifest clinically around the world, mainly in the Latin America, South-East Asia and Western Pacific. The disease manifests itself as a flu-like infection that generally is difficult to recognise from a normal flu or other viral infections. The mortality rate is around 20 % for the severe form of dengue, which readily could be decreased to below 1% with early, reliable diagnostic tools. Today there exist however no diagnostic tests for the early and rapid diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we report for the first time the possibility of identification of possible biomarkers associated with dengue disease in the exhaled air, and of the development of a breath test for fast, non-invasive and easy diagnosis of this disease. Further, we demonstrate a new deployable sensor technology based on a chemoresistive metal-ligand nanoassembly tailored for the identified possible biomarkers of dengue disease, which achieved 100 % accuracy for dengue diagnosis on our study group and can be used in both specialist and non-specialist settings. Nevertheless, as the present study was performed on a limited number of patients because of the difficulty to recruit a high number of patients because dengue is a neglected disease, future validation tests on a higher cohort are necessary for corroborating the results obtained in the present study.
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| 5. |
- Welearegay, Tesfalem Geremariam, et al.
(författare)
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Ligand-Capped Ultrapure Metal Nanoparticle Sensors for the Detection of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Disease in Exhaled Breath
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 3:12, s. 2532-2540
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human cutaneous leishmaniasis, although designated as one of the most neglected tropical diseases, remains underestimated due to its misdiagnosis. The diagnosis is mainly based on the microscopic detection of amastigote forms, isolation of the parasite, or the detection of LeishmaniaDNA, in addition to its differential clinical characterization; these tools are not always available in routine daily practice, and they are expensive and time-consuming. Here, we present a simple-to-use, noninvasive approach for human cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosis, which is based on the analysis of volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath with an array of specifically designed chemical gas sensors. The study was realized on a group of n = 28 volunteers diagnosed with human cutaneous leishmaniasis and a group of n = 32 healthy controls, recruited in various sites from Tunisia, an endemic country of the disease. The classification success rate of human cutaneous leishmaniasis patients achieved by our sensors test was 98.2% accuracy, 96.4% sensitivity, and 100% specificity. Remarkably, one of the sensors, based on CuNPs functionalized with 2-mercaptobenzoxazole, yielded 100% accuracy, 100% sensitivity, and 100% specificity for human cutaneous leishmaniasis discrimination. While AuNPs have been the most extensively used in metal nanoparticle–ligand sensing films for breath sensing, our results demonstrate that chemical sensors based on ligand-capped CuNPs also hold great potential for breath volatile organic compounds detection. Additionally, the chemical analysis of the breath samples with gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry identified nine putative breath biomarkers for human cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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