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| 2. |
- Guellil, Meriam, et al.
(författare)
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A genomic and historical synthesis of plague in 18th century Eurasia.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 117:45, s. 28328-28335
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- genomes from nine individuals covering four Eurasian sites and placed them into an historical context within the established phylogeny. CHE1 (Chechnya, Russia, 18th century) is now the latest Second Plague Pandemic genome and the first non-European sample in the post-Black Death lineage. Its placement in the phylogeny and our synthesis point toward the existence of an extra-European reservoir feeding plague into Western Europe in multiple waves. By considering socioeconomic, ecological, and climatic factors we highlight the importance of a noneurocentric approach for the discussion on Second Plague Pandemic dynamics in Europe.
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| 4. |
- Iregren, A, et al.
(författare)
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Effects on the nervous system in different groups of workers exposed to aluminium
- 2001
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Ingår i: Occupational and Environmental Medicine. ; 58, s. 453-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE - To investigate possible neurotoxic effects in groups of aluminium pot room and foundry workers, aluminium welders, and a small group of workers exposed to aluminium in the production of flake powder.METHODS - Exposure to aluminium was evaluated with aluminium concentrations in blood and urine as well as a questionnaire. The groups exposed to aluminium were compared with a group of mild steel welders. Neurotoxic effects were studied with mood and symptom questionnaires and several psychological and neurophysiological tests.RESULTS - The pot room and foundry workers showed very low aluminium uptake as their aluminium concentrations in blood and urine were close to normal, and no effects on the nervous system were detected. The group of workers exposed to flake powder had high concentrations of aluminium in blood and urine, even higher than those of the aluminium welders. However, aluminium could not be shown to affect the functioning of the nervous system in flake powder producers. Although significant effects could not be shown in the present analysis of the data on welders, the performance of the welders exposed to high concentrations of aluminium was affected according to the analyses in the original paper from this group.CONCLUSIONS - For the pot room and foundry workers no effects related to the exposure to aluminium could be found. For the group of flake powder producers exposed for a short term no effects on the nervous systems were evident despite high levels of exposure. Due to the high concentrations of aluminium in the biological samples of this group, measures to reduce the exposure to aluminium are recommended, as effects on the central nervous system might develop after protracted exposures. However, this assumption needs to be verified in further studies.
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| 6. |
- Carter, N, et al.
(författare)
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EUROQUEST - A questionnaire for solvent related symptoms: Factor structure, item analysis and predictive validity
- 2002
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Ingår i: NeuroToxicology. - 1872-9711 .- 0161-813X. ; 23:6, s. 711-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study evaluates the factor structure and predictive validity of the symptom questionnaire EUROQUEST (EQ) that had been developed with the goal of simplifying the evaluation of health effects associated with long-term solvent exposure. The EQ was added to the normal evaluation procedures for 118 male patients with suspected solvent-induced toxic encephalopathy (TE) referred to seven Swedish clinics of occupational medicine during an 18-month period. EQ was also completed by 239 males from a random sample of 400 Swedish males aged 25-64 years selected from the general population and a sample of 559 occupationally active male spray painters aged 25-64 years. Factor and item analyses of EQ responses were performed. Ordinary least square regression analysis was used to evaluate sensitivity and correlation to evaluate the specificity of EQ and the separate components. Questions concerning memory and concentration symptoms alone showed better sensitivity than the other five EQ dimensions singly or combined for the entire EQ and for a subset of questions approximating Q16, a widely used organic solvent symptom screening questionnaire. However, the diagnosis of TE required information in addition to exposure and responses to EQ and Q16-like questions. The results indicate that the subset of EQ questions concerning memory and concentration might replace the more cumbersome EQ and less sensitive Q16 in screening for TE, although none of the screening instruments alone replaces current clinical diagnostic procedures. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Ernstgard, L, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of exposure to hexanal vapors in humans
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1076-2752. ; 48:6, s. 573-580
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ernstgard, L, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects of exposure to vapours of dioxane in humans
- 2006
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Ingår i: Human & experimental toxicology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0960-3271 .- 1477-0903. ; 25:12, s. 723-729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Information on the acute effects associated with the handling of 1,4-dioxane is sparse. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effects of 1,4-dioxane vapours. In a screening study, six healthy volunteers rated symptoms on a visual analogue scale (VAS), while exposed to stepwise increasing levels of 1,4-dioxane, from 1 to 20 ppm. The initial study indicated no increased ratings at any of the exposure levels; we decided to use 20 ppm (72 mg/m3) as a tentative no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). In the main study, six female and six male healthy volunteers were exposed to 0 (control exposure) and 20 ppm 1,4-dioxane vapour, for 2 hours at rest. The volunteers rated 10 symptoms on VAS before, during, and after the exposure. Blink frequency was monitored during exposure. Pulmonary function, and nasal swelling, was measured before, and at 0 and 3 hours after exposure. Inflammatory markers in plasma (C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6) were measured before and at 3 hours after exposure. In conclusion, exposure to 20 ppm 1,4-dioxane for 2 hours did not significantly affect symptom ratings, blink frequency, pulmonary function, nasal swelling, or inflammatory markers in the plasma of the 12 volunteers in our study.
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