| 1. |
- Nilsson, Jan-Eric, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrastrukturpolitik på samhällsekonomisk grund
- 2009
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A government committee, Trafikverksutredningen, has commissioned VTI to review the national infrastructure policy regarding construction and maintenance of roads and railways as well as concerning policies to ascertain its appropriate use. Based on our review, recommendations are given relative to the appropriate organisation of a future infrastructure agency and the ways in which responsibilities for different types of decisions can be split between the political and administrative/agency level in order to enhance efficiency in the use of scarce resources. The report has also been published as Appendix 2 to the official committee report (SOU 2009:31).
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Björklund, Gunilla, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Forecasting the impact of infrastructure on Swedish commuters’ cycling behaviour
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we investigate the impact of four cycling environments on the propensity to cycle to work. The types of infrastructure investigated were mixed traffic, bicycle lane in the road way, bicycle path next to the road, and bicycle path not in connection with the road. In the mode choice model we combined three different data sets, two with stated preference data and one with revealed preference data, restricted to only include journeys of 12 km or less. At baseline, 24% of the cycling time was spent in mixed traffic, 2% in bicycle lanes, 42% on a bicycle path near the road way, and 31% on a bicycle path not in connection to a road way. Values of travel time savings for bicycling independent on infrastructure (based on revealed preference data) was 176 SEK/h, for cycling in mixed traffic it was 241 SEK/h, for cycling on a bicycle lane in the road way it was 249 SEK/h, for cycling on a bicycle path next to the road it was 178 SEK/h, and for cycling on a bicycle path far from the road it was 167 SEK/h (all differentiated values are based on rescaled stated preference data). Using an incremental form of the logit model we found that the biggest shift to cycle that may be possible is if all cycling after the change takes place on the bike path far from the road. The proportion of cyclists in this sample would then increase from 51.0% to 61.3%, i.e. an increase of 20%.
|
|
| 4. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Agglomeration, productivity and the role of transport system improvements
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Economics of Transportation. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2212-0122 .- 2212-0130. ; 18, s. 27-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We explore how transport improvements impact agglomeration defined as accessibility and thereby productivity in mid-Sweden including Stockholm 1995–2006. We apply an accessibility index derived from a multi-modal transport model. This is a more accurate measure of agglomeration than those previously used and also necessary for understanding how governments can impact agglomeration, and thereby productivity, by transport investments. We regress temporal changes in wages on temporal changes in agglomeration by applying a FE estimator. We deal with the potential endogeneity using a novel instrumental variable. Our best estimates of the agglomeration elasticity on productivity lie within the interval 0.028–0.035.
|
|
| 5. |
- Börjesson, Maria, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
-
Infrastrukturens påverkan på ekonomisk tillväxt
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Tillväxt- och sysselsättningseffekterav infrastrukturinvesteringar,FoU och utbildning – En litteraturöversikt. - Stockholm : Konjunkturinstitutet. ; , s. 23-62
-
Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 6. |
- Deschamps-Laporte, Jean-Philippe, 1985-
(författare)
-
Essays on welfare and debt : From impact evaluation in Kenya to Canadian housing markets
- 2020
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is comprised of two independent essays on the topics of impact evaluation, and one essay on the housing wealth-effect. The essays address key questions on welfare and spending decisions made by households when subject to government assistance programs and increases in housing prices.The first essay deals with a large scale pro-poor government assistance program in Kenya. It studies the impact of extension services on rural households, to understand whether the SIDA-funded program led to sustainable improvements in the treated households’ livelihoods. The results suggest that the treated households increased fertilizer dosage, and had higher household expenditures. However, the treatment did not impact farming revenues and output.The second essay investigates a novel labelled cash transfer program in agriculture in Kenya. This essay documents the impacts of the program to draw a relationship between the treatment and farm output and revenue, as well as basic welfare indicators at the household level. The results show that while household expenditures were higher following the reception of the labelled cash transfer, farm yields and revenues were not improved by the intervention.The third essay analyses the relationship between housing prices and consumer debt in the Canadian province of British Columbia. Using administrative data and an implementation of the Arellano-Bond estimator, this essay shows that, even as residential property values climbed very rapidly, consumers did not engage in additional non-mortgage debt, in particular consumers who planned to stay in their home for the following twelve months.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gospic, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
-
Altruism costs-the cheap signal from amygdala
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Social Cognitive & Affective Neuroscience. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1749-5016 .- 1749-5024. ; 9:9, s. 1325-1332
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When people state their willingness to pay for something, the amount usually differs from the behavior in a real purchase situation. The discrepancy between a hypothetical answer and the real act is called hypothetical bias. We investigated neural processes of hypothetical bias regarding monetary donations to public goods using fMRI with the hypothesis that amygdala codes for real costs. Real decisions activated amygdala more than hypothetical decisions. This was observed for both accepted and rejected proposals. The more the subjects accepted real donation proposals the greater was the activity in rostral anterior cingulate cortex-a region known to control amygdala but also neural processing of the cost-benefit difference. The presentation of a charitable donation goal evoked an insula activity that predicted the later decision to donate. In conclusion, we have identified the neural mechanisms underlying real donation behavior, compatible with theories on hypothetical bias. Our findings imply that the emotional system has an important role in real decision making as it signals what kind of immediate cost and reward an outcome is associated with.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Lena, et al.
(författare)
-
Rapid ecological response and intensified knowledge accumulation following a north European mega-fire
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 34:4, s. 234-253
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deepened knowledge on response of biota and ecological processes following fire is essential for a future with warmer climate and more disturbances. In 2014 the first mega-fire (13,100 ha) for at least a century in Scandinavia hit south-central Sweden, in a production forest landscape shaped by clearcutting forestry. Ecological dynamics is followed in >20 projects from universities, authorities and citizen science initiatives, rapidly accumulating substantial amounts of data. We outline projects and summarize their results during the first four years, demonstrating a rapid succession of fungi, lichens, vascular plants, birds, mammals, ticks, butterflies, beetles, and drastically altered carbon dynamics. We characterize forest operations including regeneration measures and point to patterns in pest and pathogen infestations. 8,000 ha is set aside for natural succession, with the rest harvested and managed for forest production, offering excellent opportunities for studies on salvage logging effects, already evident for birds. We demonstrate a strong regrowth of deciduous trees, and the protected part will in some decades likely develop into the largest deciduous-dominated area in boreal north Europe outside Russia. Continued studies of biodiversity and ecological processes are urgent for this unique area.
|
|
| 9. |
- Hammarlund, Sten, et al.
(författare)
-
Scenarier för att nå klimatmålet för inrikes transporter : ett regeringsuppdrag
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten, som är svar på ett regeringsuppdrag om alternativa prognosscenarier, beskriver kvantitativa analyser av hur olika strategier avseende fordon, bränslen och förändringar i vägtrafikarbete kan bidra till att nå klimatmålen, för att på så sätt ge underlag för ett antal strategiska vägval. Ett antal scenarier redovisas som alla når klimatmålet 2030, men där olika strategier bidrar i olika hög grad och genomförs på olika sätt. Fördelar, nackdelar och risker med olika strategier, styrmedel och åtgärder beskrivs och analyseras översiktligt.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
