| 1. |
- Ålander, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Tidstrender av tungmetalleroch organiska klorerademiljöföroreningar i baslivsmede
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett av Riksdagens 16 miljömål är ”giftfri miljö”. Mået innebä bland annat att kemiskaämnen i miljön inte hotar eller påverkar människors hälsa och ekosystemen. Konsumenternautsätts dock fortfarande för vissa föroreningar på en nivå som kan misstänkasleda till hälsoproblem. Livsmedel är ofta en viktig exponeringsväg för många av dessamiljöföroreningar.Livsmedelsverket har nu undersökt hur halterna av vissa miljöföroreningar har förändratsöver tiden i baslivsmedel (vete- och rågmjöl, vetekli) och livsmedelsproducerandedjur (nötkreatur, svin, lamm, odlad fisk, mjölk och ägg). Undersökningen har använtdata från Livsmedelsverkets livsmedelskontroll mellan 1976 och 2010. De ämnen somanalyserades var tungmetallerna kadmium, bly och kvicksilver och de svårnedbrytbaraklorerade organiska föreningarna α-hexaklorcyklohexan (α-HCH), polykloreradebifenyler (PCB), hexaklorbensen (HCB) och DDT-föreningen p,p'-DDE, även kalladePOP (persistent organic pollutants).Sammantaget visar resultaten att de riskreducerande åtgärder som hittills har vidtagitsmot kadmium- och kvicksilverförorening inte har haft någon markant effekt på halternai svenska livsmedel. För bly, HCH, PCB, HCB och DDT har dock åtgärderna i de flestafall haft positiv effekt på halterna.Kadmium.Halterna har mycket långsamt sjunkit i vete- och rågmjöl (halveringstid 80-120 år). I njure från nötkreatur, lamm och ren har halterna inte ändrats under denstuderade tidsperioden. I vetekli och svinnjure tycks kadmiumhalterna långsamt öka (fördubblingstid84 respektive 26 år). Resultaten för vetekli är dock osäkra på grund av relativtfå prover i undersökningen. Generellt sett är halterna högre i Skåne och Blekinge än iövriga delar av landet. Halterna i ren är klart högre i Västerbotten än i Jämtland och Norrbotten.De mycket långsamma förändringarna kan till viss del bero på ändrade produktionsmetoderi jordbruket, nya bearbetningsmetoder, samt ändrad foderproduktion.Bly.De riskreducerande åtgärderna har haft positiv effekt på halterna i de undersöktaproverna, med undantag för ren– där syns ingen trend. I mjölprodukterna halveradeshalterna vart 13-16 år, medan halterna i njure från nötkreatur och lamm minskadesnabbare (halveringstid 7-9 år).Kvicksilver.I odlad regnbåge var halterna oförändrade under åren 2001-2010.POP.Halterna av ämnena sjunker över tiden (halveras på 3,5-16 år). HCB i ren ochnötkreatur är dock ett undantag. I ren ökade halterna 2000 2010 med en fördubblingstidpå 10 år och i nötkreatur med en fördubblingstid på 17 år. Nötkreatur och mjölk frånSkåne och Blekinge har, generellt sett, högre halter av PCB och p,p´-DDE än i övrigalandet.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bradbury, Kathryn E., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating insulin-like growth factor I in relation to melanoma risk in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 144:5, s. 957-966
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis, and is thought to play a role in tumour development. Previous prospective studies have shown that higher circulating concentrations of IGF-I are associated with a higher risk of cancers at specific sites, including breast and prostate. No prospective study has examined the association between circulating IGF-I concentrations and melanoma risk. A nested case-control study of 1,221 melanoma cases and 1,221 controls was performed in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort, a prospective cohort of 520,000 participants recruited from 10 European countries. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for incident melanoma in relation to circulating IGF-I concentrations, measured by immunoassay. Analyses were conditioned on the matching factors and further adjusted for age at blood collection, education, height, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, marital status, physical activity and in women only, use of menopausal hormone therapy. There was no significant association between circulating IGF-I concentration and melanoma risk (OR for highest vs lowest fifth = 0.93 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71 to 1.22]). There was no significant heterogeneity in the association between IGF-I concentrations and melanoma risk when subdivided by gender, age at blood collection, BMI, height, age at diagnosis, time between blood collection and diagnosis, or by anatomical site or histological subtype of the tumour (Pheterogeneity≥0.078). We found no evidence for an association between circulating concentrations of IGF-I measured in adulthood and the risk of melanoma.
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| 4. |
- Cervenka, Iris, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenous hormone use and cutaneous melanoma risk in women : The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 146:12, s. 3267-3280
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country‐specific self‐administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline‐significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations.
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| 6. |
- Hamada, Haneen, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate using tape stripping and biological monitoring
- 2018
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Ingår i: EJD. European journal of dermatology. - : John Libbey Publishing. - 1167-1122 .- 1952-4013. ; 28:2, s. 143-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Very little is known about the dermal uptake of isocyanates, and dermal exposure to isocyanates has been discussed as a factor involved in the induction of respiratory diseases. To investigate the dermal uptake of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI). Four volunteers were dermally exposed to 10, 25, 49 and 50 mg 4,4'-MDI, respectively, for eight hours. The exposed areas were tape stripped. Urine and blood were biologically monitored for 48 hours. Tape strips, plasma, and urine were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 35-70% of the applied dose of 4,4'-MDI was absorbed by the skin. Very low fractions of applied dose were found in the tape strips. The 4,4'-MDA concentration in plasma and urine was low, but peaked in urine at 10-14 hours and plasma at 8-32 hours after exposure. 4,4'-MDI is readily absorbed by human skin. Only small fractions of 4,4'-MDI remain as such in the superficial skin layers. The amounts found in blood and urine were only small fractions of the total applied doses which indicates that very small amounts of 4,4'-MDI penetrate the skin and reach the blood stream. The dermal uptake and distribution of 4,4'-MDI is much slower compared to that associated with airway uptake. Our data strongly indicate that formation of 4,4'-MDA from 4,4'-MDI upon reacting with water in the skin can only occur to a very limited extent.
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| 7. |
- Hamada, Haneen, et al.
(författare)
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Dermal uptake study with 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate led to active sensitization
- 2012
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 66:2, s. 101-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. To investigate the dermal uptake of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI), a study was performed in which 2 female volunteers were exposed to 10 and 25 mg, respectively, of 4,4'-MDI by applying 2.0% 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum over areas where the surface concentration corresponded to 800 µg/cm(2) . Ten days later, they developed eczematous dermatitis at the area of application. Objectives. To investigate whether the dermal application caused active sensitization to 4,4'-MDI. Methods. Chemical analysis of the 4,4'-MDI preparation used in the application and the amount of 4,4'-MDI not absorbed by the skin was performed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The volunteers were tested with serial dilutions of 4,4'-MDI and the potentially cross-reacting substances 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4'-MDA), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (DMDI). Results. Patch test results suggested that the volunteers were actively sensitized to 4,4'-MDI following the dermal uptake study, as they reacted positively to 4,4'-MDA, a marker for 4,4'-MDI allergy. No positive reactions were seen to PPD or DMDI. Chemical investigation confirmed that the correct concentration had been used for the dermal uptake study, and showed that about 70% of the applied 4,4'-MDI was not absorbed. Conclusions. A dermal uptake study with 4,4'-MDI in 2.0% pet. with an occlusion time of 8 hr induced active sensitization to 4,4'-MDI and subsequently to 4,4'-MDA.
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| 8. |
- Holmquist Mengelbier, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Deletions of 16q in Wilms Tumors Localize to Blastemal-Anaplastic Cells and Are Associated with Reduced Expression of the IRXB Renal Tubulogenesis Gene Cluster.
- 2010
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Ingår i: American Journal of Pathology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1525-2191 .- 0002-9440. ; 177:5, s. 2609-2621
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric renal neoplasm, but few molecular prognostic markers have been identified for this tumor. Somatic deletion in the long arm of chromosome 16 (16q) is known to predict a less favorable outcome in Wilms tumor, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not known. We show that 16q deletions are typically confined to immature anaplastic-blastic tumor elements, while deletions are absent in maturing tumor components. The smallest region of deletion overlap mapped to a 1.8-Mb segment containing the IRXB gene cluster including IRX3, IRX5, and IRX6, of which IRX3 is a recently identified regulator of tubular maturation during nephrogenesis. Tumors with 16q deletion showed a lower overall mRNA expression of IRXB genes, and 16q-deleted tumor cells failed to express IRX3 while it was expressed in differentiating tubular tumor elements with intact 16q. Consistent with a role for IRX3 in tubular differentiation, gene sets linked to Notch signaling, Rho signaling, and ion channel activity were enriched in tumors with high IRX3 expression, while WTs with low expression were enriched for gene sets linked to cell cycle progression. Low mRNA levels of IRXB genes were associated with diffuse anaplasia, high-stage disease, and death. A disturbed balance between tubular differentiation and self-renewal of anaplastic-blastic elements may thus be one mechanism linking 16q deletion to adverse outcome in Wilms tumor.
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| 9. |
- Holmquist Mengelbier, Linda, et al.
(författare)
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Intratumoral genome diversity parallels progression and predicts outcome in pediatric cancer.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genetic differences among neoplastic cells within the same tumour have been proposed to drive cancer progression and treatment failure. Whether data on intratumoral diversity can be used to predict clinical outcome remains unclear. We here address this issue by quantifying genetic intratumoral diversity in a set of chemotherapy-treated childhood tumours. By analysis of multiple tumour samples from seven patients we demonstrate intratumoral diversity in all patients analysed after chemotherapy, typically presenting as multiple clones within a single millimetre-sized tumour sample (microdiversity). We show that microdiversity often acts as the foundation for further genome evolution in metastases. In addition, we find that microdiversity predicts poor cancer-specific survival (60%; P=0.009), independent of other risk factors, in a cohort of 44 patients with chemotherapy-treated childhood kidney cancer. Survival was 100% for patients lacking microdiversity. Thus, intratumoral genetic diversity is common in childhood cancers after chemotherapy and may be an important factor behind treatment failure.
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| 10. |
- Isaksson, Cristine, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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När två blir ett : en lyckosam integrering av kurser i kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod i ett unikt samarbete mellan lärare vid Institutionen för socialt arbete och Statisktiska institutionen vid Umeå universitet
- 2010
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Ingår i: Undervisning på tvären. - Umeå : Universitetspedagogiskt centrum (UPC), Umeå universitet. - 9789174590647 ; , s. 77-92
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sedan höstterminen 2006 ges en integrerad kurs i kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod på socionomprogrammet vid Umeå universitet. Tidigare ansvarade institutionen för Socialt arbete för en kvalitativ metodkurs och Statistiska institutionen för en kvantitativ metodkurs. Under hösten 2005 kom direktiv från Ledningsgruppen för socionomprogrammet att en integrerad metodkurs skulle startas med början höstterminen 2006. Med integrering som ledord lämnades de kursansvariga från respektive institution med uppdraget att utveckla och genomföra denna nya form av metodkurs - en integrerad metodkurs som saknade motsvarighet vid såväl Umeå universitet som andra lärosäten i Sverige. Kursens pedagogiska upplägg utgår från teorier kring experimentellt lärande vilket tydliggörs genom att kursen är uppbyggd kring en processövning som löper under hela kursen och som integrerar praktiska moment med teori. Arbetet med processövningen sker i grupper om 5-7 studenter. Under de fem terminer som kursen getts har ett intensivt förändrings- och utvecklingsarbete utförts av lärarna på Statistiska institutionen och Institutionen för Socialt arbete. Både studenter och undervisande lärare uttrycker att de är nöjda med det pedagogiska upplägget av den integrerade metodkursen. Genom integreringen har förutsättningar skapats för en fördjupad reflektion hos studenterna kring fördelarna med att använda båda de vetenskapliga angreppssätten kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod.
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