| 1. |
- Callen, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Medicine. - : Springer Nature. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 27:8, s. 1385-1394
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Widespread acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for achieving sufficient immunization coverage to end the global pandemic, yet few studies have investigated COVID-19 vaccination attitudes in lower-income countries, where large-scale vaccination is just beginning. We analyze COVID-19 vaccine acceptance across 15 survey samples covering 10 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in Asia, Africa and South America, Russia (an upper-middle-income country) and the United States, including a total of 44,260 individuals. We find considerably higher willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine in our LMIC samples (mean 80.3%; median 78%; range 30.1 percentage points) compared with the United States (mean 64.6%) and Russia (mean 30.4%). Vaccine acceptance in LMICs is primarily explained by an interest in personal protection against COVID-19, while concern about side effects is the most common reason for hesitancy. Health workers are the most trusted sources of guidance about COVID-19 vaccines. Evidence from this sample of LMICs suggests that prioritizing vaccine distribution to the Global South should yield high returns in advancing global immunization coverage. Vaccination campaigns should focus on translating the high levels of stated acceptance into actual uptake. Messages highlighting vaccine efficacy and safety, delivered by healthcare workers, could be effective for addressing any remaining hesitancy in the analyzed LMICs. © 2021, The Author(s).
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| 2. |
- Ali, A., et al.
(författare)
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Cobalt oxide magnetic nanoparticles-chitosan nanocomposite based electrochemical urea biosensor
- 2015
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Ingår i: Indian Journal of Physics. - : Springer Verlag (Germany). - 0973-1458 .- 0974-9845. ; 89:4, s. 331-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a potentiometric urea biosensor has been fabricated on glass filter paper through the immobilization of urease enzyme onto chitosan/cobalt oxide (CS/Co3O4) nanocomposite. A copper wire with diameter of 500 mu m is attached with nanoparticles to extract the voltage output signal. The shape and dimensions of Co3O4 magnetic nanoparticles are investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the average diameter is approximately 80-100 nm. Structural quality of Co3O4 nanoparticles is confirmed from X-ray powder diffraction measurements, while the Raman spectroscopy has been used to understand the chemical bonding between different atoms. The magnetic measurement has confirmed that Co3O4 nanoparticles show ferromagnetic behavior, which could be attributed to the uncompensated surface spins and/or finite size effects. The ferromagnetic order of Co3O4 nanoparticles is raised with increasing the decomposition temperature. A physical adsorption method is adopted to immobilize the surface of CS/Co3O4 nanocomposite. Potentiometric sensitivity curve has been measured over the concentration range between 1 x 10(-4) and 8 x 10(-2) M of urea electrolyte solution revealing that the fabricated biosensor holds good sensing ability with a linear slope curve of similar to 45 mV/decade. In addition, the presented biosensor shows good reusability, selectivity, reproducibility and resistance against interferers along with the stable output response of similar to 12 s.
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| 3. |
- Ali, A., et al.
(författare)
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Potentiometric urea biosensor utilizing nanobiocomposite of chitosan-iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles
- 2013
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Ingår i: 21st International Laser Physics Workshop 23–27 July 2012, Calgary, Canada. - : Institute of Physics (IOP).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticles have been fabricated through a simple, cheap and reproducible approach. Scanning electron microscope, x-rays powder diffraction of the fabricated nanoparticles. Furthermore, the fabrication of potentiometric urea biosensor is carried out through drop casting the initially prepared isopropanol and chitosan solution, containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles, on the glass fiber filter with a diameter of 2 cm and a copper wire (of thickness −500 μm) has been utilized to extract the voltage signal from the functionalized nanoparticles. The functionalization of surface of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles is obtained by the electrostatically immobilization of urease onto the nanobiocomposite of the chitosan- Fe3O4 in order to enhance the sensitivity, specificity, stability and reusability of urea biosensor. Electrochemical detection procedure has been adopted to measure the potentiometric response over the wide logarithmic concentration range of the 0.1 mM to 80 mM. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles based urea biosensor depicts good sensitivity with ~42 mV per decade at room temperature. Durability of the biosensor could be considerably enhanced by applying a thin layer of the nafion. In addition, the reasonably stable output response of the biosensor has been found to be around 12 sec.
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| 4. |
- Hauser, Steven C., et al.
(författare)
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From Human-to-Human Touch to Peripheral Nerve Responses
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE WORLD HAPTICS CONFERENCE (WHC). - : IEEE. - 9781538694619 - 9781538694626 ; , s. 592-597
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human-to-human touch conveys rich, meaningful social and emotional sentiment. At present, however, we understand neither the physical attributes that underlie such touch, nor how the attributes evoke responses in unique types of peripheral afferents. Indeed, nearly all electrophysiological studies use well-controlled but non-ecological stimuli. Here, we develop motion tracking and algorithms to quantify physical attributes indentation depth, shear velocity, contact area, and distance to the cutaneous sensory space (receptive field) of the afferent underlying human-to-human touch. In particular, 2-D video of the scene is combined with 3-D stereo infrared video of the touchers hand to measure contact interactions local to the receptive field of the receivers afferent. The combined and algorithmically corrected measurements improve accuracy, especially of occluded and misidentified fingers. Human subjects experiments track a toucher performing four gestures - single finger tapping, multi-finger tapping, multi-finger stroking and whole hand holding - while action potentials are recorded from a first-order afferent of the receiver. A case study with one rapidly-adapting (Pacinian) and one C-tactile afferent examines temporal ties between gestures and elicited action potentials. The results indicate this method holds promise in determining the roles of unique afferent types in encoding social and emotional touch attributes in their naturalistic delivery.
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| 5. |
- Hauser, Steven C., et al.
(författare)
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Uncovering Human-to-Human Physical Interactions that Underlie Emotional and Affective Touch Communication
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE WORLD HAPTICS CONFERENCE (WHC). - : IEEE. - 9781538694619 - 9781538694626 ; , s. 407-412
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Couples often communicate their emotions, e.g., love or sadness, through physical expressions of touch. Prior efforts have used visual observation to distinguish emotional touch communications by certain gestures tied to ones hand contact, velocity and position. The work herein describes an automated approach to eliciting the essential features of these gestures. First, a tracking system records the timing and location of contact interactions in 3-D between a touchers hand and a receivers forearm. Second, data post-processing algorithms extract dependent measures, derived from prior visual observation, tied to the intensity and velocity of the touchers hand, as well as areas, durations and parts of the hand in contact. Third, behavioral data were obtained from five couples who sought to convey a variety of emotional word cues. We found that certain combinations of six dependent measures well distinguish the touch communications. For example, a typical sadness expression invokes more contact, evolves more slowly, and impresses less deeply into the forearm than a typical attention expression. Furthermore, cluster analysis indicates 2-5 distinct expression strategies are common per word being communicated. Specifying the essential features of touch communications can guide haptic devices in reproducing naturalistic interactions.
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| 6. |
- Lee, Dae-Young, et al.
(författare)
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A Wearable Textile-Embedded Dielectric Elastomer Actuator Haptic Display
- 2022
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Ingår i: SOFT ROBOTICS. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 2169-5172 .- 2169-5180. ; 9:6, s. 1186-1197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With advances in mobile computing and virtual/augmented reality technologies, communicating through touch using wearable haptic devices is poised to enrich and augment current information delivery channels that typically rely on sight and hearing. To realize a wearable haptic device capable of effective data communication, both ergonomics and haptic performance (i.e., array size, bandwidth, and perception accuracy) are essential considerations. However, these goals often involve challenging and conflicting requirements. We present an integrated approach to address these conflicts, which includes incorporating multilayered dielectric elastomer actuators, a lumped-parameter model of the skin, and a wearable frame in the design loop. An antagonistic arrangement-consisting of an actuator deforming the skin-was used to achieve effective force transmission while maintaining a low profile, and the effect of the wearable frame and structure was investigated through lumped-model analysis and human perception studies.
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| 7. |
- Mcintyre, Sarah, et al.
(författare)
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Affective touch communication in close adult relationships
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE WORLD HAPTICS CONFERENCE (WHC). - : IEEE. - 9781538694619 - 9781538694626 ; , s. 175-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Inter-personal touch is a powerful aspect of social interaction that we expect to he particularly important for emotional communication. We studied the capacity of closely acquainted humans to signal the meaning of several word cues (e.g. gratitude, sadness) using touch sensation alone. Participants communicated all cues with above chance performance. We show that emotionally close people can accurately signal the meaning of different words through touch, and that performance is affected by the amount of contextual information available. Even with minimal context and feedback, both attention-getting and love were communicated surprisingly well. Neither the type of close relationship, nor self-reported comfort with touch significantly affected performance.
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| 8. |
- Mcintyre, Sarah, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The Language of Social Touch Is Intuitive and Quantifiable
- 2022
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Ingår i: Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications Inc. - 0956-7976 .- 1467-9280. ; 33:9, s. 1477-1494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Touch is a powerful communication tool, but we have a limited understanding of the role played by particular physical features of interpersonal touch communication. In this study, adults living in Sweden performed a task in which messages (attention, love, happiness, calming, sadness, and gratitude) were conveyed by a sender touching the forearm of a receiver, who interpreted the messages. Two experiments (N = 32, N = 20) showed that within close relationships, receivers could identify the intuitive touch expressions of the senders, and we characterized the physical features of the touches associated with successful communication. Facial expressions measured with electromyography varied by message but were uncorrelated with communication performance. We developed standardized touch expressions and quantified the physical features with 3D hand tracking. In two further experiments (N = 20, N = 16), these standardized expressions were conveyed by trained senders and were readily understood by strangers unacquainted with the senders. Thus, the possibility emerges of a standardized, intuitively understood language of social touch.
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| 9. |
- Moussette, Camille, et al.
(författare)
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Designing haptics
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded and Embodied Interaction. - New York : ACM Press. - 9781450311748 ; , s. 351-354
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This studio proposes to tangibly explore the world of haptics to develop a greater understanding and sensitivity to this emerging field. The first part of the studio focuses on general knowledge about haptics, haptic and multimodal perception in humans, and key advances in actuator and sensor technologies to develop haptic interfaces. Numerous demos and testing platforms will be available to relate discussions with real haptic sensations. The second part of the studio aims to explore the various challenges and difficulties in designing haptic interfaces by directly building and sketching in hardware haptic interfaces. Participants will be invited to build their own haptic interfaces from various actuators, sensors and other building blocks. The studio aims to bridge the fields of haptics and design, and investigate various prototyping tools and approaches that can best support haptic design activities.
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| 10. |
- Nur, Omer, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of elevated concentrations of strontium and iron on the structural and dielectric characteristics of Ba(1-x-y)Sr(x)Ti Fe(y)O3 prepared through sol-gel technique
- 2012
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Ingår i: Physica. B, Condensed matter. - : Elsevier. - 0921-4526 .- 1873-2135. ; 407:14, s. 2697-2704
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nano-composite Ba1-xSr(x)TiO3 (BST), where x=0.01-0.50 and doped with different concentrations of iron Ba(1-x-y)Sr(x)TiFe(y)O3 (BSTF), where x=0.01 and y=0.01-0.05 powders were prepared by sol-gel method. The effect of increasing the iron and strontium concentrations substituted in Barium strontium titanate system will be studied. The prepared samples have a tetragonal crystalline phase after sintering for 1 h at 750 degrees C in air. The structural and the morphological features of the systems have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dielectric properties of the BST and BSTF systems have been investigated as a function of temperature and frequency. The dielectric measurements are carried out in the frequency range 42 Hz-1 MHz, at a temperature ranging between 25 and 250 degrees C. The results showed a decrease in T-c temperature giving the following values 90 and 85 degrees C for B10ST and B10ST5F prepared powder samples, respectively, implying tetragonal, feroelectric phase at lower temperature into cubic, para-electric phase at temperature higher than T-c.
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