| 1. |
- Baltes, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Small-bowel capsule endoscopy in patients with Meckel's diverticulum : clinical features, diagnostic workup, and findings. A European multicenter I-CARE study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0016-5107. ; 97:5, s. 3-926
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) may remain silent or be associated with adverse events such as GI bleeding. The main aim of this study was to evaluate indicative small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) findings, and the secondary aim was to describe clinical presentation in patients with MD. Methods: This retrospective European multicenter study included patients with MD undergoing SBCE from 2001 until July 2021. Results: Sixty-nine patients with a confirmed MD were included. Median age was 32 years with a male-to-female ratio of approximately 3:1. GI bleeding or iron-deficiency anemia was present in nearly all patients. Mean hemoglobin was 7.63 ± 1.8 g/dL with a transfusion requirement of 52.2%. Typical capsule endoscopy (CE) findings were double lumen (n = 49 [71%]), visible entrance into the MD (n = 49 [71%]), mucosal webs (n = 30 [43.5%]), and bulges (n = 19 [27.5%]). Two or more of these findings were seen in 48 patients (69.6%). Ulcers were detected in 52.2% of patients (n = 36). In 63.8% of patients (n = 44), a combination of double lumen and visible entrance into the MD was evident, additionally revealing ulcers in 39.1% (n = 27). Mean percent SB (small bowel) transit time for the first indicative image of MD was 57% of the total SB transit time. Conclusions: Diagnosis of MD is rare and sometimes challenging, and a preoperative criterion standard does not exist. In SBCE, the most frequent findings were double-lumen sign and visible diverticular entrance, sometimes together with ulcers.
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| 2. |
- Bayurova, Ekaterina, et al.
(författare)
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HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis Formation via ROS-Dependent Upregulation of Twist
- 2019
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Ingår i: Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1942-0900 .- 1942-0994. ; 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- HIV-induced immune suppression results in the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS-associated malignancies including Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cervical cancer. HIV-infected people are also at an increased risk of non-AIDS-defining malignancies not directly linked to immune suppression but associated with viral infections. Their incidence is increasing despite successful antiretroviral therapy. The mechanism behind this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we obtained daughter clones of murine mammary gland adenocarcinoma 4T1luc2 cells expressing consensus reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 subtype A FSU_A strain (RT_A) with and without primary mutations of drug resistance. In in vitro tests, mutations of resistance to nucleoside inhibitors K65R/M184V reduced the polymerase, and to nonnucleoside inhibitors K103N/G190S, the RNase H activities of RT_A. Expression of these RT_A variants in 4T1luc2 cells led to increased production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, enhanced cell motility in the wound healing assay, and upregulation of expression of Vimentin and Twist. These properties, particularly, the expression of Twist, correlated with the levels of expression RT_A and/or the production of ROS. When implanted into syngeneic BALB/C mice, 4T1luc2 cells expressing nonmutated RT_A demonstrated enhanced rate of tumor growth and increased metastatic activity, dependent on the level of expression of RT_A and Twist. No enhancement was observed for the clones expressing mutated RT_A variants. Plausible mechanisms are discussed involving differential interactions of mutated and nonmutated RTs with its cellular partners involved in the regulation of ROS. This study establishes links between the expression of HIV-1 RT, production of ROS, induction of EMT, and enhanced propagation of RT-expressing tumor cells. Such scenario can be proposed as one of the mechanisms of HIV-induced/enhanced carcinogenesis not associated with immune suppression.
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| 3. |
- Boberg, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish multimodal cohort of patients with anxiety or depression treated with internet-delivered psychotherapy (MULTI-PSYCH)
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose Depression and anxiety afflict millions worldwide causing considerable disability. MULTI-PSYCH is a longitudinal cohort of genotyped and phenotyped individuals with depression or anxiety disorders who have undergone highly structured internet-based cognitive-behaviour therapy (ICBT). The overarching purpose of MULTI-PSYCH is to improve risk stratification, outcome prediction and secondary preventive interventions. MULTI-PSYCH is a precision medicine initiative that combines clinical, genetic and nationwide register data.Participants MULTI-PSYCH includes 2668 clinically well-characterised adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) (n=1300), social anxiety disorder (n=640) or panic disorder (n=728) assessed before, during and after 12 weeks of ICBT at the internet psychiatry clinic in Stockholm, Sweden. All patients have been blood sampled and genotyped. Clinical and genetic data have been linked to several Swedish registers containing a wide range of variables from patient birth up to 10 years after the end of ICBT. These variable types include perinatal complications, school grades, psychiatric and somatic comorbidity, dispensed medications, medical interventions and diagnoses, healthcare and social benefits, demographics, income and more. Long-term follow-up data will be collected through 2029.Findings to date Initial uses of MULTI-PSYCH include the discovery of an association between PRS for autism spectrum disorder and response to ICBT, the development of a machine learning model for baseline prediction of remission status after ICBT in MDD and data contributions to genome wide association studies for ICBT outcome. Other projects have been launched or are in the planning phase.Future plans The MULTI-PSYCH cohort provides a unique infrastructure to study not only predictors or short-term treatment outcomes, but also longer term medical and socioeconomic outcomes in patients treated with ICBT for depression or anxiety. MULTI-PSYCH is well positioned for research collaboration.
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| 4. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Deposit-limits and online gambling intensity : A randomised controlled trial
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Pathological gambling is recognized as a public health issue in a many countries. Consequently, helping individuals control their gambling behaviors is critical. One strategy is setting a pre-committed limit for how much money one can lose, deposit or win. The aim of the study was to compare gambling intensity between online gamblers prompted to set a deposit limit and non-prompted customers.Methods: All customers of the gambling service having registered an account during the study recruitment period were included. Gambling intensity was measured with aggregated net loss, with proportions of limit-setters, sum of deposits and number of gambling days used as secondary outcomes.Intervention: A total of 4328 customers of a gambling operator from Finland were randomized to receive a prompt to set a voluntary deposit limit of optional size either 1) at registration, 2) before or 3) after their first deposit, or 4) to an unprompted control condition.Results: The intervention groups did not differ in either proportion of participants with positive net loss or size of positive net loss. The pooled intervention group did not differ from the control group regarding proportion of gamblers with positive net loss or size of net loss. The intervention groups had higher rates of limit-setters and net loss was highest among participants who had increased/removed a deposit-limit. Conclusions: Prompting online gamblers to set a voluntary deposit limit of optional size did not affect subsequent net loss.
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| 5. |
- Carlbring, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Voluntary deposit-limit as a tool for reducing gambling intensity among customers of an online gambling platform : A randomized controlled trial
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: To compare gambling intensity between users of an online gambling service prompted to set a deposit limit and non-prompted customers, in the whole sample and among most active users based on total number of gambling days. Design: A randomized controlled trial with three prompted (N=1098/1110/1055) and one unprompted control condition (N=1065) and gambling activity of each participant followed for 90 days starting at account registration. Setting. A publicly governed online gambling operator from Finland. Interventions: The prompted participants received a one-time prompt to set a voluntary deposit limit of optional size either 1) at-registration, 2) before or 3) after they made their first deposit. Participants in the control condition were not prompted. Participants: All Finnish customers of the gambling service having registered an account during the study recruitment period with online slots as preferred gambling category during the 90 days following the registration. Measures: Gambling intensity was measured with aggregated net loss (NL), with proportions of limit-setters, sum of deposits and number of gambling days used as secondary outcomes. Findings: In the whole sample, the three intervention groups did not differ in either proportion of participants with positive NL (BF10prop=0.007) or size of positive net loss (BF10size=0.016), the results being similar for the most involved gamblers (BF10prop=0.030; BF10size=0.082). The pooled intervention group did not differ from the control group regarding proportion of gamblers with positive NL (OR(95%CI)=0.991(0.836–1.176); p=.921) or size of NL (B(95%CI) =-0.080(-0.229-0.069); p=.291), the results applying to the most involved gamblers (proportion positive NL: OR(95%CI)=0.834(0.492-1.412), p =.498; NL size: B(95%CI)=0.042(-0.359-0.442), p =.838). The three intervention groups had higher rates of limit-setters and NL was highest among participants who have increased/removed a deposit-limit. Conclusion: Prompting users of an online gambling service to set a voluntary deposit limit of optional size did not affect subsequent NL compared to unprompted participants.
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| 6. |
- Chudinova, Ekaterina A., et al.
(författare)
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Adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells on additively manufactured Ti6Al4V alloy scaffolds modified with calcium phosphate nanoparticles
- 2019
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Ingår i: Colloids and Surfaces B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-7765 .- 1873-4367. ; 176, s. 130-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, biocomposites based on 3D porous additively manufactured Ti6Al4V (Ti64) scaffolds modified with biocompatible calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNPs) were investigated. Ti64 scaffolds were manufactured via electron beam melting technology using an Arcam machine. Electrophoretic deposition was used to modify the scaffolds with CaPNPs, which were synthesized by precipitation in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI). Dynamic light scattering revealed that the CaP/PEI nanoparticles had an average size of 46 ± 18 nm and a zeta potential of +22 ± 9 mV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the obtained spherical CaPNPs had an average diameter of approximately 90 nm. The titanium-based scaffolds coated with CaPNPs exhibited improved hydrophilic surface properties, with a water contact angle below 5°. Cultivation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on the CaPNPs-coated Ti64 scaffolds indicated that the improved hydrophilicity was beneficial for the attachment and growth of cells in vitro. The Ti6Al4V/CaPNPs scaffold supported an increase in the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of cells. In addition to the favourable cell proliferation and differentiation, Ti6Al4V/CaPNPs scaffolds displayed increased mineralization compared to non-coated Ti6Al4V scaffolds. Thus, the developed composite 3D scaffolds of Ti6Al4V functionalized with CaPNPs are promising materials for different applications related to bone repair.
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| 7. |
- Ivanova, Ekaterina, et al.
(författare)
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Deposit Limit Prompt in Online Gambling for Reducing Gambling Intensity : A Randomized Controlled Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-commitment tools – allowing users of gambling services to pre-set a limit for how much money they may spend – are relatively common. However, there exist no clear evidence of their effectiveness in preventing gamblers from spending more money than they otherwise planned. The aim of the study was to compare gambling intensity between users of an online gambling service prompted to set a deposit limit and non-prompted customers, both in the whole sample and among most active users based on the total number of gambling days. Prospective customers of a publicly governed gambling operator from Finland were randomized to receive a prompt to set a voluntary deposit limit of optional size either (1) at registration, (2) before or (3) after their first deposit, or (4) to an unprompted control condition. Data on customers from Finland with online slots as a preferred gambling category (N = 4328) were tracked in the platform for 90 days starting at account registration, gambling intensity being measured with aggregated net loss. The intervention groups did not differ from each other in either proportion of participants with positive net loss or size of positive net loss. The pooled intervention group did not differ from the control group regarding proportion of gamblers with positive net loss (OR = 1.0; p = 0.921) or size of net loss (B = -0.1; p = 0.291). The intervention groups had higher rates of limit-setters compared to the control condition (ORat-registration/pre-deposit/post-deposit = 11.9/9.2/4.1). Customers who have increased/removed a previously set deposit limit had higher net loss than the limit-setters who have not increased/removed their limit (Bat-registration/pre-deposit/post-deposit/control = 0.7/0.6/1.0/1.3), and unprompted limit-setters lost more than unprompted non-setters (B = 1.0). Prompting online gamblers to set a voluntary deposit limit of optional size did not affect subsequent net loss compared to unprompted customers, motivating design and evaluation of alternative pre-commitment tools. Setting a deposit limit without a prompt or increasing/removing a previously set limit may be a marker of gambling problems and may be used to identify customers in need of help.
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| 8. |
- Ivanova, Ekaterina, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences of responsible gambling tools among non-problem gamblers : A survey of active customers of an online gambling platform
- 2019
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Ingår i: Addictive Behaviors Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8532. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Responsible gambling (RG) tools, aiming at helping gamblers to avoid gambling-related harms, are common in online gambling platforms. Gambling industry, policy makers, and researchers have warned that RG tools can potentially disturb recreational gamblers, channeling them to less protective operators. No evidence exists to support these concerns, and they can hinder the development of effective RG tools. The current study aimed to investigate the recreational gamblers' experiences of RG tools.Methods: A total of 10,200 active customers of an online gambling service were invited to complete an online survey and rate their overall reactions, attitudes, disturbance and irritation towards RG tools, as well as their inclination to abandon a gambling service due to overexposure to RG tools. N = 1223 surveys were completed.Results: Non-problem gamblers had positive experiences of RG tools. Moderate-risk gamblers had more positive overall reaction and less irritation to previous experiences of RG tools compared to non-problem gamblers. Problem gamblers had least positive attitudes, most disturbance and most irritation towards RG pictures. Non-problem gamblers had lowest rates of having abandoned a service because of perceived overexposure to RG tools (5.2% compared to 25.9% of problem gamblers), with a significant between-group difference (OR [95%CI] = 7.17 [3.61–14.23], p < .001).Conclusions: Non-problem gamblers were not particularly disturbed by RG tools and were not at risk of abandoning online gambling services because of overexposure to RG tools. The study found no grounds for limiting the design and implementation of RG tools due to fears of disturbing recreational gamblers.
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| 9. |
- Ivanova, Ekaterina, et al.
(författare)
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Guided and unguided Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application : A randomized controlled trial
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Anxiety Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0887-6185 .- 1873-7897. ; 44, s. 27-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can be effective in treating anxiety disorders, yet there has been no study on Internet-delivered ACT for social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder (PD), nor any study investigating whether therapist guidance is superior to unguided self-help when supplemented with a smartphone application. In the current trial, n = 152 participants diagnosed with SAD and/or PD were randomized to therapist-guided or unguided treatment, or a waiting-list control group. Both treatment groups used an Internet-delivered ACT-based treatment program and a smartphone application. Outcome measures were self-rated general and social anxiety and panic symptoms. Treatment groups saw reduced general (d = 0.39) and social anxiety (d = 0.70), but not panic symptoms (d = 0.05) compared to the waiting-list group, yet no differences in outcomes were observed between guided and unguided interventions. We conclude that Internet-delivered ACT is appropriate for treating SAD and potentially PD. Smartphone applications may partially compensate for lack of therapist support.
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| 10. |
- Ivanova, Ekaterina, et al.
(författare)
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Guided and unguided CBT for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder via the Internet and a smartphone application
- 2015
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Ingår i: Abstracts from the 7th Swedish Congress on internet interventions (SWEsrii). - Linköping : Linköping University Press. ; , s. 9-9
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: As Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) becomes a part of the clinical practice, the interest for alternative ways of providing it continue to grow. Internet-based CBT, both guided and unguided, has proved to be effective for the treatment of a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders. Moreover, the tremendous accessibility of smartphones makes them a potentially powerful instrument for providing psychological treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an Internet-based ACT-program for social anxiety disorder and panic disorder using both computers and smartphones, and with and without therapist support. Method: The participants were recruited from the general public by filling out an online screening form, which consisted of LSAS, PDSS-SR, GAD-7, PHQ-9, QOLI (the scales later served as outcome measures) and demographic questions. The individuals who met the inclusion criteria were contacted for a diagnostic telephone interview. The 152 people chosen for participation were then randomized into two treatment groups (guided and unguided) and a waiting list control group. The participants in the treatment groups were given access to an Internet-provided ACT-based treatment program consisting of 8 modules, as well as a smartphone application with content that corresponded to the Internet treatment program. Additionally, the participants in the guided group received minimum therapist support (15 min/week) through the smartphone application from psychology students undergoing their clinical training. The participants worked with the program for 10 weeks. They were evaluated twice during treatment, once after completing treatment, and once again 12-months later as a follow-up measure. A mixed effect model was used to analyze the data. Results: Regardless of diagnosis, as a whole the treated groups showed significant decreases in anxiety, with a moderate within-group effect size. This improvement appeared to be maintained when the groups were evaluated again during the follow-up. The participants suffering primarily from social anxiety disorder showed significant improvements, with moderate within-group effect sizes in both the guided (Cohen's d = 0.79) and unguided group (Cohen's d = 0.71). This improvement also appeared to be maintained when these participants were evaluated during the follow-up. No significant changes were observed in the symptoms of the participants suffering primarily from panic disorder. Discussion: Internet-delivered ACT-based treatment provided via both computer and smartphone can be effective for reducing general anxiety symptoms, as well as social anxiety symptoms. The guided treatment was not clearly superior to the unguided treatment. Some of the study’s uncertainties are likely due to the presence of a large number of different components, which made it difficult to isolate the effects of each individual component.
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