| 1. |
- Sandberg, Linn, et al.
(författare)
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The online hostility hypothesis : representations of Muslims in online media
- 2023
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Ingår i: Social influence. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1553-4510 .- 1553-4529. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using a large data set of online media content in eight European countries, this paper broadens the empirical investigation of the online hostility hypothesis, which posits that interactions on social sites such as blogs and forums contain more hostile expressions toward minority groups than social interactions offline or in editorial news media. Overall, our results are consistent with the online hostility hypothesis when comparing news media content with social sites, but we find that negatively charged representations are common in both media types. It is instead the amount of attention to Muslims and Islam on social sites that most clearly differs and is the main driver of online hostility in the online media environment more broadly conceived.
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| 2. |
- Velásquez, Paolo, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Processes and pathways of stigmatization and destigmatization over time
- 2024
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Ingår i: Migration stigma. - Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. - 9780262548120 - 9780262378833 ; , s. 179-200
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter advances a theoretical framework to understand within- and between-country variation in the level of stigmatization experienced by immigrant groups and their descendants over time. Since processes of stigmatization and destigmatization may unfold over generations, it is imperative for research to adopt a longer time horizon to identify the factors that lead to the emergence, persistence, and/or dissipation of stigma. Expanding the time frame of analysis to decades (or even centuries) requires an explicit focus on the experiences of groups rather than individuals. Based on the observation that the labeling of some groups as "migrants" does not always follow from actual histories of immigration, this framework treats "migrant" as a social category. To guide future empirical research, this chapter introduces two analytical models. The first identifies the factors and processes responsible for stigmatization or destigmatization over time. The second presents five ideal-typical pathways that immigrants and their descendants may experience in relation to stigma: non-emergence, increase, reinforcement, reduction, and status reversal.
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