| 1. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt
(författare)
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Occupational performance in individuals with severe mental disorders : Assessment and family burden
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of the present thesis was three-fold. The overall aim of the present thesis was three-fold. The first was to study occupational performance in individuals with severe mental disorders and their experiences of occupational therapy, the second to study experienced burden of family caregivers and the third to test the validity and the homogeneity of assessment tools in this area. The samples consisted of individuals with severe mental disorders participating in organised occupations (n= 112), occupational therapy records (n=64), occupational therapists working in mental health care (n=7) and family caregivers of individuals with severe mental disorders (n=256). Data were collected by questionnaires, structured and narrative interviews, observations and occupational therapy records. Individuals with severe mental disorders reported problems related to leisure and work activities and the occupational therapists recorded problems concerning how to organise and structure occupational performance. Individuals functioning on a high cognitive level experienced problems related to work and productive activities. Participation in occupational therapy strengthened their confidence in their own ability. The "Experience of Occupational Performance Questionnaire" (EOPQ) was developed from data on the experiences of women participating in occupational therapy. A principal component analysis gave seven factors with acceptable homogeneity. There is a need for assessment tools to evaluate occupational therapy. The EOPQ represents an attempt to fulfil this need. Family caregivers experienced limitations of daily activities as a burden. The ability to perform daily activities was studied from three perspectives, the individuals’, the occupational therapists’, and the experienced burden of the family caregivers. These perspectives are complementary and thus necessary for planning and implementation of individually adapted occupational therapy as well as for the evaluation of outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Lopez-Valladares, Gloria, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Human isolates of Listeria monocytogenes in Sweden during half a century (1958-2010)
- 2014
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Ingår i: Epidemiology and Infection. - 0950-2688 .- 1469-4409. ; 142, s. 2251-2260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Isolates of Listeria monocytogenes (n=932) isolated in Sweden during 1958–2010 from human patients with invasive listeriosis were characterized by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (AscI). Of the 932 isolates, 183 different PFGE types were identified, of which 83 were each represented by only one isolate. In all, 483 serovar 1/2a isolates were distributed over 114 PFGE types; 90 serovar 1/2b isolates gave 32 PFGE types; 21 serovar 1/2c isolates gave nine PFGE types; three serovar 3b isolates gave one PFGE type; and, 335 serovar 4b isolates gave 31 PFGE types. During the 1980s in Sweden, several serovar 4b cases were associated with the consumption of European raw soft cheese. However, as cheese-production hygiene has improved, the number of 4b cases has decreased. Since 1996, serovar 1/2a has been the dominant L. monocytogenes serovar in human listeriosis in Sweden. Therefore, based on current serovars and PFGE types, an association between human cases of listeriosis and the consumption of vacuum-packed gravad and cold-smoked salmon is suggested.
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| 3. |
- Dahlin, Joakim S., et al.
(författare)
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IgE Immune Complexes Stimulate an Increase in Lung Mast Cell Progenitors in a Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation
- 2011
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Ingår i: PLoS One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 6:5, s. e20261-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mast cell numbers and allergen specific IgE are increased in the lungs of patients with allergic asthma and this can be reproduced in mouse models. The increased number of mast cells is likely due to recruitment of mast cell progenitors that mature in situ. We hypothesized that formation of IgE immune complexes in the lungs of sensitized mice increase the migration of mast cell progenitors to this organ. To study this, a model of allergic airway inflammation where mice were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA) in alum twice followed by three daily intranasal challenges of either OVA coupled to trinitrophenyl (TNP) alone or as immune complexes with IgE-anti-TNP, was used. Mast cell progenitors were quantified by a limiting dilution assay. IgE immune complex challenge of sensitized mice elicited three times more mast cell progenitors per lung than challenge with the same dose of antigen alone. This dose of antigen challenge alone did not increase the levels of mast cell progenitors compared to unchallenged mice. IgE immune complex challenge of sensitized mice also enhanced the frequency of mast cell progenitors per 10 6 mononuclear cells by 2.1-fold. The enhancement of lung mast cell progenitors by IgE immune complex challenge was lost in FcR gamma deficient mice but not in CD23 deficient mice. Our data show that IgE immune complex challenge enhances the number of mast cell progenitors in the lung through activation of an Fc receptor associated with the FcR gamma chain. This most likely takes place via activation of Fc epsilon RI, although activation via Fc gamma RIV or a combination of the two receptors cannot be excluded. IgE immune complex-mediated enhancement of lung MCp numbers is a new reason to target IgE in therapies against allergic asthma.
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| 4. |
- Haghighi, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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A Comparison of Rule-based Analysis with Regression Methods in Understanding the Risk Factors for Study Withdrawal in a Pediatric Study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regression models are extensively used in many epidemiological studies to understand the linkage between specific outcomes of interest and their risk factors. However, regression models in general examine the average effects of the risk factors and ignore subgroups with different risk profiles. As a result, interventions are often geared towards the average member of the population, without consideration of the special health needs of different subgroups within the population. This paper demonstrates the value of using rule-based analysis methods that can identify subgroups with heterogeneous risk profiles in a population without imposing assumptions on the subgroups or method. The rules define the risk pattern of subsets of individuals by not only considering the interactions between the risk factors but also their ranges. We compared the rule-based analysis results with the results from a logistic regression model in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study. Both methods detected a similar suite of risk factors, but the rule-based analysis was superior at detecting multiple interactions between the risk factors that characterize the subgroups. A further investigation of the particular characteristics of each subgroup may detect the special health needs of the subgroup and lead to tailored interventions.
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| 5. |
- Holth, Line, et al.
(författare)
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Genusarbetsdelning - exploatering av kvinnors arbetskraft
- 2011
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artikeln diskuterar genusarbetsdelning som särskiljande då det gäller synen på kvinnors och mäns arbete och arbetsvillkor i Sverige i ett historiskt perspektiv och med en startpunkt i industrialiseringsprocessen. Fokus ligger på villkoren idag och på hur det moderna arbetslivet formats utifrån föreställningar kopplade till denna process. Artikeln diskuterar vad detta betyder då vi idag talar om work life balance och jämställdhet. Artikeln går bortom arbetsbegreppets könsneutrala förståelse och "fyller" det med kvinnor och män.
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| 6. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of occupations in daily life among individuals with severe mental disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: Occupational Therapy in Mental Health. - 0164-212X .- 1541-3101. ; :2, s. 33-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to describe self-perceived capability to perform daily occupations, functional cognitive ability and differences between self-perceived capability to perform daily occupations and cognitive levels among individuals with severe mental disorders. Fifty-one persons participated in the study. The participants completed a structured interview concerning their own perceived experiences of daily occupations, they were also observed during performance of a standardized task and assigned a cognitive level score. The results showed that most participants perceived small problems in Activities of Daily Living. On the other hand, Play and Leisure Activities seemed problematic to them. The participants' cognitive levels seem to correlate with their performance of Work and Productive Activities. The results also showed that a structural tool focusing on capability to perform daily occupations enabled mentally disabled persons to have a perspective of their own. Together with observed assessment it gave complementary information about these people's occupational performance. These shared identified occupational problems could serve as a foundation for planning individually adapted interventions
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Ivarsson, Ann-Britt, 1949-, et al.
(författare)
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The factor structure of the Burden Assessment Scale and the perceived burden of caregivers for individuals with severe mental disorders
- 2004
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; :2, s. 396-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aims of this study were to test the construct validity and the homogeneity of the Swedish version of the Burden Assessment Scale (BAS) and study perceived burden in daily life among family caregivers of individuals with severe mental disorders. A total of 256 caregivers took part in the study. The participants completed two questionnaires. One was the BAS, a brief scale that focuses on specific subjective and objective consequences of families caring for individuals with severe mental disorders. The other one was a questionnaire constructed for the study including demographic data. A principal component analysis yielded three factors: 'activity limitation', 'feelings of worry and guilt' and 'social strain'. The internal consistency calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficients varied between 0.73 and 0.88 for the three factors. The findings indicated that the caregivers experienced more 'activity limitation' and 'social strain' in relation to the youngest and to those who had an elementary educational level than they did for comparison groups. There were no differences found between the caregivers in relation to clients' daily occupation outside home. The results confirm that family caregiver burden is complex and includes several areas such as activities in daily life, worry and social strain. Given this knowledge about caregivers' situation, it is critical that families be given opportunities to identify what support might help. Further research is needed to identify such support.
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